Isihloko mayelana nokuguqulwa kwezikali zokushisa
Isikali seCelsius kanye nesikali seFahrenheit ziyizilinganiso zokushisa ezahlukene. Uma izinga lokushisa lento lilinganiswa futhi livezwa esikalini seCelsius, khona-ke sifuna ukusho izinga lokushisa lento esikalini seFahrenheit bese silishintsha kusuka esikalini seCelsius siye esikalini seFahrenheit. Kulesi sigaba, sifunda ukushintsha noma ukuguqula isikali sokushisa.
Uma ingcindezi ingu-1 atm, izinga lokushisa lendawo yokubanda ye-thermometer ye-Celsius = 0 oC, kuyilapho i-thermometer ye-Fahrenheit = 32 oF. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ekucindezelweni okungu-1 atm, izinga lokushisa iphuzu lokubilisa kwe-thermometer yesikali se-Celsius = 100 oC, kuyilapho i-thermometer enesilinganiso se-Fahrenheit = 212 oF.
Ukuze kube lula ngawe ukushintsha isikali se-Celsius sibe yi-Fahrenheit noma ukushintsha isikali se-Fahrenheit sibe yi-Celsius, khumbula u-0 oC=32 oF kanye no-100 oC=212 oF. Esikalini se-Celsius, phakathi kuka-0 oC no-100 oU-C ungo-100oNgesikhathi sisesikalini seFahrenheit, siphakathi kuka-32 oF kuye ku-212 oF kukhona 180o.
3.1 Guqula isikali se-Celsius sibe isikali se-Fahrenheit
Ukuze uthole izinga lokushisa esikalini se-Fahrenheit (T), phinda izinga lokushisa esikalini se-Celsius (T C ) kuqala ngo-9/5 bese ufaka u-32 o.
3.2 Guqula isikali se-Fahrenheit sibe isikali se-Celsius
Ukuze uthole izinga lokushisa esikalini se-Celsius (T C ), yehlisa izinga lokushisa esikalini se-Fahrenheit (T F ) ngo-32 o , bese uphindaphinda ngo-5/9.
4. I-thermometer yegesi eguquguqukayo
Ngaphambilini, sifunde ukuthi singayilinganisa kanjani i-thermometer. I-thermometer esiyisebenzisayo yi-thermometer ye-mercury engenaso isikali. Uma silinganisa ama-thermometer amabili ezinhlobo ezahlukene, njenge-thermometer ye-mercury kanye ne-thermometer yotshwala, izikali zama-thermometer amabili ziyafana kuphela ku-0 o C (noma ku-32 o F) kanye no-100 o C (noma ku-212 o F). Uma sisebenzisa ama-thermometer amabili ukukala izinga lokushisa lomoya, izinombolo eziboniswa yi-thermometer ngayinye azifani ngempela. Ama-thermometer e-Mercury angabonisa u-48 o C, kanti ama-thermometer otshwala abonisa u-46 o C. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ijubane lokukhula kwe-mercury kanye ne-alcohol lihlukile. Ngokufanayo nezinye izinhlobo zama-thermometer, njenge-thermometer ye-bimetallic, njll. Isikali sokushisa esinqunywa ngale ndlela sincike kakhulu kuhlobo lwezinto ezisetshenziswayo.
Ngenxa yokuthi isikali sokushisa esishiwo kusetshenziswa i-thermometer sivame ukuba nokuntuleka, sidinga i-thermometer ejwayelekile. Ukuba khona kwe-thermometer ejwayelekile kusisiza ukusetha isikali sokushisa ngokunembe kakhudlwana, ngaphandle kokuncika ohlotsheni lwezinto ezibonakalayo.
I-thermometer ecishe iphelele iyi-thermometer yegesi engumthamo oqhubekayo. Umgomo osebenzayo we-thermometer yegesi engumthamo oqhubekayo uthi, ivolumu yegesi igcinwa ukuze ihlale iqinile noma ingashintshi. Manje, lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, ingcindezi yegesi nayo iyanda. Kupayipi 1 kanye nepayipi lesibili kukhona i-mercury. Ivolumu yegesi igcinwa ukuze ihlale iqinile, ngokuphakamisa noma ukwehlisa ipayipi lesibili ukuze ubuso be-mercury kupayipi 1 busesesibonweni sokubhekisela. Uma izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, ingcindezi yegesi eshubhu nayo iyanda. Ngakho-ke, ipayipi lesibili kumele liphakanyiswe phezulu ukuze ivolumu yegesi ihlale iqinile. Ingcindezi yegesi ingaziwa ngokufunda ukuphakama kwekholomu ye-mercury (h) kupayipi 2. Uma usebenzisa indlela yesandla, khumbula nje ukuthi ikholomu ye-mercury ingu-760 mm = 1 atm (1 atm). Ku-thermometer yegesi engumthamo oqhubekayo eyinkimbinkimbi, kune-counter yokucindezela. Izitsha ezigcwele igesi nazo zenzelwe ukuze igesi ihlale isezingeni eliqinile. Ngakho-ke, okulinganisiwe kushintsha kuphela ingcindezi.
5. Isikali sikaKelvin
Uma umugqa oseshadini elingenhla udwetshwe ukuze kunqunywe i-axis ye-To C , khona-ke uma ingcindezi yegesi ingu-0, izinga lokushisa legesi = -273.15 o C. Mhlawumbe sicabanga ukuthi izinga lokushisa legesi ekucindezelweni okungu-0 liyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwegesi epayipini le-thermometer yegesi elihlala likhona. Ngokusekelwe ekuhlolweni, yize uhlobo lwegesi luhlukile lapho ingcindezi yegesi iba yi-zero, izinga lokushisa lihlala lilinganiswa ku-273.15 o C. Ngakho-ke, singasebenzisa leli zinga lokushisa njengesikali sokushisa esijwayelekile (esaziwa nangokuthi izinga lokushisa eliyi-zero eliphelele). Leli zinga lokushisa eliyi-zero eliphelele laziwa ngokuthi isikali esiphelele noma isikali sikaKelvin. UKelvin igama likaLord Kelvin (1824-1907), owayengusosayensi waseBrithani.
Kulesi sikali, izinga lokushisa livezwa nge-Kelvin (K), hhayi nge-Kelvin ( o K). Isikhawu esiphakathi kwamadigri sifana nesikali se-Celsius, kodwa u-zero ushintshwa uye ku-0 K. Ngakho-ke u-0 K = -273.15 o C kanye no-273.15 K = 0 o C. Izinga lokushisa esikalini se-Celsius lingashintshwa liye esikalini se-Kelvin ngokungeza u-273.15. Ngokufanayo, izinga lokushisa lesikali se-Kelvin lingashintshwa liye esikalini se-Celsius ngokunciphisa u-273.15.
T (K) = T ( o C) + 273.15
T ( o C) = T (K) – 273.15
