Indlela Amafu Akheka Ngayo Kusukela Kumjikelezo We-Hydrological
Amafu angenye yezinto zemvelo ezivame kakhulu kodwa ezithakazelisa kakhulu emhlabeni wethu. Ahlobisa isibhakabhaka ngezimo nemibala eyahlukene, evame ukunikeza umbono omuhle noma ngisho nesibonakaliso sezulu. Kodwa amafu akheka kanjani ngempela ? Impendulo ingatholakala kumjikelezo wamanzi , okuyinqubo eqhubekayo yokuhwamuka kwamanzi, ukwakheka kwamafu, kanye nemvula. Lesi sihloko sizochaza ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi amafu akheka kanjani ngomjikelezo wamanzi kanye nezici ezithonya ukwakheka kwawo.
Umjikelezo We-Hydrologic: Izisekelo
Umjikelezo wamanzi uwuhlelo oluvaliwe olusebenzisa kabusha amanzi eMhlabeni. Le nqubo ihilela izigaba eziningana eziyinhloko: ukuhwamuka kwamanzi, ukujiya kwamanzi, imvula, kanye nokugeleza kwamanzi. Ake sixoxe kafushane ngesigaba ngasinye ngaphambi kokungena ekwakhekeni kwamafu ngokuningiliziwe.
1. Ukuhwamuka:
Ukuhwamuka kwamanzi yinqubo lapho amanzi avela ebusweni boMhlaba—ikakhulukazi olwandle, emachibini, emifuleni, nasezindaweni zomhlaba—eguqulwa abe umhwamuko wamanzi ngokushisa kwelanga. Amandla elanga afudumeza amanzi bese ewaguqula abe umhwamuko, bese ekhuphukela emkhathini.
2. Ukuphefumulela:
Ngaphezu kokuhwamuka kwamanzi, izitshalo nazo zinikela ngomhwamuko wamanzi emkhathini ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-transpiration. Kule nqubo, amanzi amuncwa yizimpande zezitshalo akhishwa aye emkhathini nge-stomata emaqabunga.
3. Ukufinyela:
Ukujiya yinqubo lapho umhwamuko wamanzi osemkhathini uphola khona bese ushintsha ube uketshezi. Lesi yisinyathelo esibalulekile ekwakhekeni kwamafu. Umhwamuko wamanzi okhuphukela emoyeni uyaphola futhi uhlangane wakhe izinhlayiya ezincane zamanzi noma iqhwa, ezaziwa ngokuthi ama-condensation nuclei.
4. Ukuna kwemvula:
Uma amanzi noma izinhlayiya zeqhwa ezakheke emafwini ziba zinkulu futhi zisinda ngokwanele, ziwela eMhlabeni njengemvula, engathatha isimo semvula, iqhwa, iqhwa, noma isichotho. Le nqubo ibuyisela amanzi ebusweni boMhlaba, iqedele umjikelezo wamanzi.
5. Ukugeleza Komphezulu Nokungena:
Ngemva kokuba amanzi ewele phansi, iningi lawo ligeleza phezu komhlaba njengokugeleza kwamanzi, okuholela emifuleni, emachibini, futhi ekugcineni olwandle. Amanye awo amuncwa enhlabathini ngokungena, agcwalise amanzi angaphansi komhlaba kanye namanzi angaphansi komhlaba.
Ukwakheka Kwamafu Emjikelezweni Wamanzi
Isigaba esibalulekile ekwakhekeni kwamafu ukuminyana, kodwa le nqubo ithonywa yizici ezahlukahlukene ngaphakathi komjikelezo wamanzi. Nasi ukubuka okujulile kokuthi amafu akheka kanjani ngaphakathi komjikelezo wamanzi.
1. Ukuphakanyiswa Komhwamuko Wamanzi Emkhathini:
Inqubo yokwakheka kwamafu iqala ngokukhuphuka komhwamuko wamanzi uye emkhathini. Lokhu kuphakama kungenzeka ngezindlela eziningana:
– Ukuguqulwa kwe-Convection: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ubuso bomhlaba bushisa ngenxa yemisebe yelanga, okubangela ukuba umoya ongaphezulu kwawo ushise futhi ukhuphuke. Le nqubo ivame ukudala amafu e-cumulus.
– Ukuhlangana: Umoya ovela ezinhlangothini ezahlukene uyahlangana futhi ukhuphuke ngoba izixuku zomoya ziyahlangana futhi ziphoqelekile ukuba zikhuphuke.
– I-Orography: Umoya uphoqeleka ukuba ukhuphuke njengoba ufika ezintabeni noma kwezinye izithiyo zesimo sendawo.
– Ingaphambili Lomoya: Ukuhlangana kwezindikimba ezimbili zomoya ezinamazinga okushisa ahlukene, njengengaphambili elibandayo kanye nengaphambili elifudumele, nakho kungabangela ukuba umoya uphakame.
2. Ukupholisa Umhwamuko Wamanzi:
Uma umhwamuko wamanzi ukhuphukela emkhathini, uyaphola ngoba izinga lokushisa lomoya liyehla ngokuphakama. Lokhu kwehla kwezinga lokushisa kubangela ukucindezela komoya ukuthi kwehle , okusiza nenqubo yokupholisa. Umhwamuko wamanzi awukwazi ukuba khona njengegesi emazingeni okushisa aphansi, ngakho uqala ukujiya.
3. Inqubo Yokufiphaza:
Uma umhwamuko wamanzi uphola futhi ufika endaweni yamazolo, uqala ukujiya ube amaconsi amanzi noma amakristalu eqhwa. Kodwa-ke, ukuze ukujiya kwenzeke, umhwamuko wamanzi udinga izinhlayiya ezincane eziqinile emoyeni ezaziwa ngokuthi ama-nuclei okujiya (njengothuli, usawoti wolwandle, noma izinhlayiya zokungcola) ukusiza ukwakheka kwamaconsi amanzi noma amakristalu eqhwa.
Uma amaconsi amanzi noma amakristalu eqhwa akheka eduze kwe-condensation nuclei, aqala ukuhlangana, inqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi i-coalescence. I-Coalescence yandisa usayizi wamaconsi amanzi aze agcine ebumbe amafu.
4. Ukwakheka Kwamafu:
Kuye ngezimo zomkhathi (njengokushisa, umswakama, nomoya), izinhlobo ezahlukene zamafu zingakheka. Nazi ezinye zezinhlobo zamafu eziyinhloko :
– I-Cumulus: Amafu acwebezelayo, amhlophe afana noboya bekotini. Akha nge-convection.
– I-Stratus: Ungqimba oluphansi noluyisicaba lwamafu olumboza ingxenye enkulu yesibhakabhaka. Lawa avame ukwakheka ngaphansi kwezimo ezizinzile ngaphandle kokuphakama okunamandla noma okungenakho nhlobo.
– I-Cirrus: Amafu amancane, aphezulu, amhlophe. Akha ezingqimbeni eziphakeme kakhulu zomkhathi.
– I-Nimbostratus: Amafu aminyene, amnyama avame ukuletha imvula noma iqhwa.
Izici Ezithonya Ukwakheka Kwamafu
Ukwakheka kwamafu kuthonywa yizici eziningana ezibalulekile, okuhlanganisa:
1. Izinga Lokushisa Nomswakama:
Amazinga okushisa aphansi emoyeni ongaphezulu kanye nomswakama ophezulu yizimo ezifanele kakhulu zokuminyana nokwakheka kwamafu. Uma umswakama uphakeme, kulapho kungenzeka khona ukuthi amafu akheke khona.
2. Umfutho womoya:
I-Penurunan umfutho womoya ngokuphakama okwandisa inqubo yokupholisa kanye nokufiphala.
3. Izinhlayiya ze-Aerosol:
Ukuba khona kwezinhlayiya ezincane emoyeni kusebenza njenge-nuclei yokuminyana, okusiza ukwakheka kwamaconsi amanzi.
4. IJografi:
Ukuba khona kwezici zendawo njengezintaba kungathinta ukuphakama komoya kanye nokwakheka kwamafu e-orographic.
Isiphetho
Amafu akheka ngaphakathi komjikelezo wamanzi ngokuhwamuka, ukukhushulwa, ukupholisa, kanye nokujiya komhwamuko wamanzi, okuqhutshwa yizici ezahlukahlukene zomkhathi nezendawo. Lo mjikelezo wamanzi udlala indima ebalulekile hhayi nje ekwakhekeni kwamafu kodwa futhi nasekusabalaliseni amanzi emhlabeni jikelele, kuthonya isimo sezulu futhi kusekele impilo eMhlabeni. Ukuqonda izindlela ezingemuva kokwakheka kwamafu ngomjikelezo wamanzi kunikeza ukuqonda okujulile ngezinguquko zomkhathi kanye nokubaluleka kwamanzi ezinhlelweni zokuphila zeplanethi yethu.
