Ukuhlonza Amafu e-Cumulonimbus kanye Neziphepho Ezingase Zibe Khona
Amafu e-Cumulonimbus angenye yamafu aqashelwa kalula futhi abalulekile ukuwaqonda, ikakhulukazi kulabo abahlala ezindaweni ezishisayo njenge-Indonesia. Lawa mafu avame ukubeka isisekelo semvula enkulu, umbani, imimoya enamandla, kanye neziphepho ezingabangela izikhukhula ezinkulu kanye nokudilika komhlaba. Ukuhlonza amafu e-cumulonimbus kusenesikhathi kusisiza sandise ulwazi lwethu, sihlele imisebenzi yangaphandle ngokuphephile, futhi siqonde izimpawu zemvelo ngaphambi kokuba isimo sezulu sibe sibi kakhulu.
Iyini ifu le-cumulonimbus?
I-Cumulonimbus (evame ukufushaniswa ngokuthi i-Cb) amafu ajikelezayo akhula ngokuqondile esuka emoyeni ophansi aye eduze kwe-tropopause (umngcele ophakathi kwe-troposphere ne-stratosphere). Ukwakheka kwawo kubangelwa yi-convection: umoya ofudumele, omanzi ebusweni ukhuphuka ngokushesha, uphole, bese ujiya ukuze wakhe amaconsi amanzi namakristalu eqhwa. Ngenxa yokuvuselelwa okunamandla, la mafu angakhula esuka emafwini avamile e-cumulus abe "imibhoshongo" emikhulu ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu—ikakhulukazi ntambama nakusihlwa lapho ukufudumala kobuso kuphezulu kakhulu.
Amafu e-Cumulonimbus ahambisana nokuduma kwezulu. Ahlanganisa i-physics enamandla yomkhathi: ukwakheka kweqhwa, ukushayisana kwezinhlayiya, ukuhlukaniswa kwamandla kagesi, kanye nokwehla kwamandla kagesi, okubangela imvula enamandla kakhulu kanye nemimoya enamandla.
Izici eziyinhloko ezibonakalayo ze-cumulonimbus
Ukubuka isibhakabhaka ngokucophelela kungakusiza ukuthi ubone i-cumulonimbus ngaphandle kwemishini ekhethekile. Nazi izici ezivame kakhulu:
1. Ukukhula okuphezulu kakhulu okuqondile
Amafu e-Cumulonimbus abonakala “njengezintaba” noma imibhoshongo emide. Izisekelo zawo zimnyama ngenxa yamanzi awo ajiyile kanye nokuqukethwe kweqhwa, okuvimba ukukhanya kwelanga.
2. Isiqongo simise okwe-anvil noma i-fibre
Esigabeni sokuvuthwa, ingaphezulu lamafu livame ukunwebeka ngokuvundlile, lifane ne-anvil. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ingaphezulu lamafu lifinyelela ungqimba oluzinzile lomkhathi, okulivimbela ukuthi lingakhuphuki kakhulu, bese lisakazeka eceleni.
3. Umbala wangaphansi uvame ukuba mnyama
Amafu e-cumulonimbus asebenzayo ngokuvamile anesisekelo esimpunga esimnyama kuya cishe esimnyama, okubonisa ukujiya kwawo kanye nokuqukethwe kwamanzi amaningi.
4. Imiphetho yamafu ingabonakala ibukhali noma “ikholifulawa”
Esigabeni sokukhula, ukuthungwa kwamafu kuvame ukubonakala kuhlanganiswe kahle njengekholifulawa, okubonisa ukuguquguquka okukhulu.
5. Ukuba khona kwekhethini lemvula (umgodi wemvula)
Ungase ubone imigqa yemvula iwa ivela emafwini, njengezindwangu noma izinsika. Uma ikhethini lemvula ligcwele kakhulu, kungenzeka ukuthi kuzoba nemvula enkulu noma iseduze.
6. Amafu engeziwe ngaphambili kwesiphepho
Ngezinye izikhathi kuvela ifu eliphansi, elifana ne-arch phambi kwesistimu yesiphepho (esivame ukubizwa ngokuthi “ifu leshalofu”), okubonisa ingaphambili lomoya obandayo owehlayo.
Izigaba zokuthuthukiswa kwe-cumulonimbus nokuthi zisho ukuthini
Ukuqonda izigaba ze-cumulonimbus kubalulekile ngoba isigaba ngasinye sihlotshaniswa nobukhulu obuhlukile bengozi.
1. Isigaba sokwakheka kwe-Cumulus
Kuqala ngamafu e-cumulus akhula ngokushesha. Ukuvuselelwa kuyanda, nomoya okhuphukayo othwala umhwamuko wamanzi. Imvula enkulu ayivame ukulindeleka kulesi sigaba, kodwa isibhakabhaka siqala ukubonisa amandla aqinile.
2. Isigaba sokuvuthwa (isigaba sokuvuthwa)
Lesi yisigaba esiyingozi kakhulu. Ukuvuselelwa kanye nokwehla kwenzeka ngesikhathi esisodwa. Imvula enkulu ivame ukuba khona phakathi nalesi sigaba, ihambisana nombani kanye nemimoya enamandla. Iziqongo ze-Anvil zivame ukwakheka.
3. Isigaba sokuqeda
Ukwehla kwamandla emvula sekuqala ukwanda, umoya ofudumele nomanzi uyanqamuka, futhi amandla emvula ayancipha kancane kancane. Kodwa-ke, imimoya enamandla esele noma imvula yendawo isangenzeka.
Izimpawu zesiphepho se-cumulonimbus
Akuzona zonke izinhlobo ze-cumulonimbus ezikhiqiza isimo sezulu esibi kakhulu, kodwa izinkomba ezilandelayo zifanelekile ukunakwa:
– Ukukhula okusheshayo ngesikhathi esifushane: uma phakathi nemizuzu eyi-15-30 amafu ebonakala ekhuphuka futhi eba mnyama, amathuba esiphepho ayanda.
– Isiqongo se-anvil siyacaca futhi sibanzi: okubonisa ukuthi ifu selifinyelele ukuphakama okukhulu futhi inqubo yokuduma kwezulu isivuthiwe.
– Umbani oqhelelene: Umbani uwuphawu oluvamile lwesiphepho esisebenzayo. Ngisho noma imvula ingakafiki, ingozi yombani isivele ikhona.
– Izivunguvungu ezibandayo nezingazelelwe: Izivunguvungu zivame ukuqala imvula enkulu. Umoya ungashintsha indlela futhi uqine ngokuzumayo.
– Ikhethini lemvula eliminyene, elisondelayo: libonisa umongo wemvula enkulu.
– Ukuduma kwezulu okwandayo: ukuduma kwezulu okwandayo ngokuvamile kubonisa isiphepho esisondelayo.
Izingozi ezihlobene ne-cumulonimbus
Amafu e-Cumulonimbus angabangela imiphumela ehlukahlukene:
1. Imvula enkulu kanye nezikhukhula
Ukuqina kwemvula kungaba phezulu kakhulu ngesikhathi esifushane, okubangela izikhukhula, izikhukhula ezisheshayo, kanye nokudilika komhlaba ezindaweni ezisengozini.
2. Umbani (umbani)
Umbani ungavela ngisho noma kungazange kune imvula endaweni yakini (umbani "ushaya usuka kude"). Lokhu kuyingozi emisebenzini yangaphandle, emasimini, emabhishi, noma ezindaweni ezivulekile.
3. Imimoya enamandla neziphepho zendawo
Ukwehla kwamandla emvula okunamandla kungasakazeka phezu komhlaba njengoba umoya obhubhisayo uvunguza. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, iziphepho ezinamandla zingabangela neziphepho ezincane.
4. Isichotho
Ku-cumulonimbus, ama-updraft anamandla angaphakamisa amaconsi amanzi futhi awaqandise ngokuphindaphindiwe aze abe ama-ice pellets awela lapho esinda kakhulu.
5. Ukuphazamiseka kwezindiza kanye nokuthunyelwa kwempahla
Amafu e-Cumulonimbus ayingozi enkulu ezindizeni ngenxa yokuxokozela, i-ayisikhi, kanye nokunqunywa komoya. Emikhumbini emincane, ukuduma kwezulu kuletha amagagasi kanye nemimoya engazinzile.
Indlela yokubuka nokuhlukanisa kwamanye amafu
Amafu e-Cumulonimbus avame ukudidaniswa namafu e-cumulonimbus amancane noma amafu e-cumulonimbus akude kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kunemehluko ebalulekile:
– I-Cumulus (Cu): ifana nesigaxa esimhlophe, ayinde kakhulu, futhi ngokuvamile ayinaso isiqongo se-anvil. I-Cu ingaba imbewu ye-Cb uma iqhubeka nokukhula.
– I-Nimbostratus (Ns): amafu emvula amakhulu anesibhakabhaka esimpunga ngokulinganayo. I-Ns ikhiqiza imvula evame ukuba yinde futhi ihlale isikhathi eside, kodwa ingabi namandla njengemvula yezulu i-Cb.
– I-Altostratus (As): ingubo yamafu engxenyeni ephakathi, ilanga livela njengediski encane. Ngokuvamile alikho ifu elidumayo.
Isihluthulelo esiyinhloko se-cumulonimbus isakhiwo esiqondile eside, isisekelo esimnyama, kanye nezinkomba zomsebenzi wokujikeleza kwe-convection (umbani, amakhethini emvula, izinhlangothi zomoya).
Izinyathelo zokuqapha lapho ubona i-cumulonimbus
Uma ubona izimpawu ze-cumulonimbus esebenzayo eduze:
1. Misa imisebenzi ezindaweni ezivulekile (amasimu, amasimu elayisi, amabhishi, eziqongweni zezintaba).
2. Funa indawo yokukhosela ephephile esakhiweni esivaliwe noma emotweni evaliwe (hhayi ngaphansi kwesihlahla).
3. Gwema izinto ezinde zensimbi nezindawo ezinamanzi (amachibi, amachibi) lapho amandla ombani ekhula.
4. Landela izixwayiso zesimo sezulu ezisemthethweni ezivela ku-BMKG noma eziteshini zezaziso zasendaweni.
5. Qaphela imigwaqo yamanzi kanye nemithambeka uma imvula enkulu iqala ukuna, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezivame ukuba nezikhukhula kanye nokudilika komhlaba.
I-Penutup
Ukuhlonza amafu e-cumulonimbus kuyikhono elilula kodwa eliwusizo kakhulu. Ngokubona izici ezibonakalayo njengemibhoshongo yamafu emide, izisekelo ezimnyama, iziqongo ze-anvil, amakhethini emvula, nezimpawu zesixwayiso sesiphepho njengombani kanye nezivunguvungu zomoya obandayo, singathuthukisa ukulungela kwethu imvula enamandla, ukuduma kwezulu, kanye nemimoya enamandla. Nakuba ukubuka isibhakabhaka kuwusizo, izinqumo zokuphepha kufanele zisekelwe njalo ngolwazi olusemthethweni lwesimo sezulu. Isibhakabhaka sisinika izimpawu, futhi ukuqonda lezo zimpawu kungasenza silungele kangcono isimo sezulu esishintsha ngokushesha.
