Amasu Okusiza Ukulethwa Komsebenzi
Ukubeletha kuyinqubo yemvelo eyenzeka kuwo wonke owesifazane okhulelwe ukuze abelethe umntwana wakhe. Kodwa-ke, nakuba ukubeletha kuyinqubo evamile yomzimba, akuzona zonke izinhlobo zokubeletha ezihamba kahle. Kwezinye izimo, kudingeka ukungenelela kwezokwelapha ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kukamama nomntwana. Lokhu kungenelela kufaka phakathi amasu okubeletha ngokuhlinzwa njengokuhlinzwa, ukukhishwa kwe-vacuum, kanye ne-forceps. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngalezi zindlela ngokujulile, kufaka phakathi izinkomba, izinqubo, kanye nezingozi ezingaba khona.
Isigaba Sokuhlinzwa (Isigaba Sokuhlinzwa)
Isibonakaliso
Ukuhlinzwa ngokuhlinzwa kungenye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zokubeletha ngokuhlinzwa. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kuhilela ukwenza incision odongeni lwesisu kanye nesibeletho ukuze kubelethwe umntwana.
Kunezibonakaliso ezahlukene ezidinga ukuhlinzwa ngokuhlinzwa, okuhlanganisa:
– Ukucindezeleka kwengane: Isimo lapho ingane ibhekana nokucindezeleka okungabonakala ngokuncipha okukhulu kwesilinganiso senhliziyo ngesikhathi sokubeletha.
– I-Placenta Previa: Indawo ye-placenta imboza umsele wokuzalwa, ivimbela umntwana ukuthi angaphumi.
– Ukungakwazi ukubeletha ngesitho sangasese sowesifazane: Isibonelo, i-pelvis kamama incane kakhulu noma ingane inkulu kakhulu.
– Ukutheleleka okusebenzayo: Njenge-herpes yobulili esebenzayo engadluliselwa enganeni uma izalwa ngesitho sangasese sowesifazane.
– Ukubeletha okuhamba kancane noma okubambezelekile: Lesi sinyathelo sithathwa uma ukubeletha kuthatha isikhathi eside kakhulu futhi kungekho ntuthuko ngemva kokukhuthaza ukubeletha okwengeziwe.
I-Prosedur
1. Ukulungiselela: Umama uzonikezwa i-anesthesia yesifunda (umgogodla noma i-epidural) noma ngezinye izikhathi i-anesthesia ejwayelekile uma kunesimo esiphuthumayo. Indawo yokuhlinzwa izohlanzwa futhi ihlanzwe amagciwane.
2. Ukusikwa: Ukusikwa okuvundlile (ukusikwa kwe-bikini) kwenziwa esikhumbeni esingaphezu kwesibeletho. Ukusikwa okufanayo kwenziwa esibelethweni.
3. Ukubeletha Umntwana: Umntwana uyakhishwa esibelethweni bese intambo yesisu isikwa.
4. Ukususwa Nokuthungwa Kwe-Placenta: I-placenta iyasuswa bese kuthi ukunqunywa kwesibeletho kanye nesikhumba kuthungwe ndawonye.
URisiko
Nakuba ngokuvamile kuphephile, ukuhlinza ngokuhlinzwa kunezingozi ezifana nokutheleleka, ukopha ngokweqile, ukulimala kwezitho eziseduze, kanye nezinkinga zokubulala izinzwa. Kumntwana, izingozi ezihlobene nokuhlinza ngokuhlinzwa zifaka phakathi ubunzima bokuphefumula kanye nokulimala kokuhlinzwa, yize lokhu kungavamile.
Ukukhishwa kwe-Vacuum
Isibonakaliso
Ukukhipha i-vacuum kuyindlela yokusiza esetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokubeletha okunzima kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane. Izimo ezidinga i-vacuum zifaka:
– Ukucindezeleka kombungu: Kufana nezinkomba zokuhlinzwa, uma ukushaya kwenhliziyo komntwana kwehla futhi umama ehluleka ukubeletha umntwana ngesikhathi esifushane.
– Ukukhathala kukamama: Uma umama engenawo amandla anele okusunduza umntwana.
– Isigaba sesibili sokubeletha eside: Lapho inqubekela phambili yokubeletha iphela khona esigabeni sokugcina.
I-Prosedur
1. Indawo: Udokotela ubeka indebe yokuhlanza ekhanda lomntwana ngesitho sangasese sowesifazane sikanina.
2. Ukukhipha: Kudalwa ingcindezi engemihle endebeni ye-vacuum ukuze kudalwe ukumunca okuzosiza ukudonsa umntwana kanye nemizamo kamama yokumcindezela.
3. Ukuxosha Umntwana: Ngemva kokuba ikhanda lomntwana liphumile, inqubo yokuzalwa iqedwa njengenjwayelo ngokusiza umzimba womntwana uphume.
URisiko
Ukusebenzisa i-vacuum kubeka engcupheni yokulimala ekhanda okuningana enganeni, njenge-cephalhematoma (ukuhlangana kwegazi ngaphansi kwesikhumba sekhanda), i-subgaleal hematoma (ukuphuma kwegazi ngaphansi kwesikhumba sekhanda), kanye nokulunywa. Kumama, izingozi zifaka phakathi ukudabuka odongeni lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane noma i-perineum.
Ama-forceps
Isibonakaliso
Ama-forceps ayithuluzi lezokwelapha elifana nama-forceps amakhulu asetshenziswa ukusiza ekubelethweni komntwana ngesikhathi sokubeletha okunzima kwesigaba sesibili. Izinkomba zama-forceps zifana nalezo zokukhipha i-vacuum, okuhlanganisa:
- Ukucindezeleka kwengane
– Ukukhathala kukamama
– Isigaba sesibili sokubeletha esiyekile
– Kungenzeka ukuthi isibeletho sizoqhuma uma kubeletha ngokuphindaphindiwe
I-Prosedur
1. Ukubekwa Kwe-forceps: I-blade eyodwa ye-forceps ibekwa ngayinye ohlangothini ngalunye lwekhanda lomntwana.
2. Ukukhipha: Udokotela usebenzisa izindlawu ukuze akhiphe umntwana ngokucophelela ngenkathi umama esunduza.
3. Ukususa Umntwana: Ngemva kokuba ikhanda lomntwana liphumile, izindlawu ziyakhululwa bese umntwana ezalwa njengenjwayelo.
URisiko
Izingozi zokubeletha ingane nge-forceps zifaka phakathi ukulimala kwekhanda, kobuso, noma kwamehlo. Kukhona nengozi engavamile yokulimala kobuchopho. Kumama, izingozi zifaka phakathi ukudabuka isikhathi eside, ukudabuka komlomo wesibeletho, kanye nokopha ngokweqile.
Isiphetho
Amasu okubeletha ngosizo lokuhlinzwa ayizindlela ezibalulekile zezokwelapha zokubeletha okuyinkimbinkimbi noma okungahleliwe. Ukuhlinzwa kokubeletha, ukukhishwa kwe-vacuum, kanye nokubeletha nge-forceps kungenye yezindlela ezitholakalayo ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha komama nomntwana. Nakuba ngayinye yalezi zindlela inezingozi, izinzuzo esimweni esibucayi zivame ukwedlula izinkinga ezingaba khona.
Kuzo zonke lezi zinqubo, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinqumo zenziwa ngokubonisana okuseduze phakathi kukadokotela nowesifazane okhulelwe, okuvumela ukungenelela okuhambisana kahle nesimo sezokwelapha nezidingo zomuntu ngamunye. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, izingane eziningi nomama bangazala ngokuphephile nangokunempilo.
