Amasu Okunakekela Ababelethisi Ezimweni Ze-Rheumatoid Arthritis
I-Pendahuluan
I-rheumatoid arthritis (RA) yisifo esingamahlalakhona sokuzivikela komzimba esibangela ukuvuvukala kwamalunga futhi singathinta izitho ezahlukene zomzimba. Kwabesifazane abaseminyakeni yokuzala, i-RA inemiphumela ebalulekile empilweni yokuzala, ukukhulelwa, ukubeletha, ngemva kokubeletha, kanye nokuncelisa. Ngokuphathelene nokubeletha, ukunakekelwa komama abane-RA akugxili nje ekuqapheni ukukhulelwa kanye nenhlalakahle yombungu, kodwa futhi nasekulawuleni izimpawu, ukuvimbela izinkinga, ukulungiswa kokwelashwa, kanye nemfundo yengqondo kanye nokusekelwa. Lesi sihloko sixoxa ngamasu okunakekelwa kwababelethisi aphelele futhi asebenzayo ezimweni ze-RA.
Ukubuka konke kwe-Rheumatoid Arthritis ekukhulelweni
I-RA ibonakala ngobuhlungu bamalunga, ukuqina kwasekuseni, ukuvuvukala, kanye nokusebenza okunciphayo. Kwabanye besifazane, izimpawu ze-RA zingase zithuthuke ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ngenxa yezinguquko zomzimba, kodwa kwabanye, ziyaqhubeka noma zibe zimbi nakakhulu, ikakhulukazi esikhathini sokubeletha. Umthelela we-RA ekukhulelweni ungafaka phakathi ingozi eyengeziwe yokubeletha ngaphambi kwesikhathi, isisindo esiphansi sokuzalwa, kanye nemikhawulo emisebenzini kamama ephazamisa izidingo zokudla okunempilo kanye nokuhamba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ethile yokucindezela amasosha omzimba noma yokulwa nokuvuvukala kungaba yingozi enganeni uma ingaphathwa ngendlela efanele.
Izimiso Eziyisisekelo Zokunakekelwa Kokubelethisa Kwabomama Abane-RA
Ukunakekelwa kwababelethisi be-RA kusekelwe ezimisweni ezilandelayo:
1. Ukuqhubeka kokunakekelwa kusukela ngaphambi kokukhulelwa kuze kube ngemva kokubeletha.
2. Ukubambisana kochwepheshe phakathi kodokotela bezifo zokubelethisa kanye nodokotela bezifo zabesifazane, odokotela bamathambo, ochwepheshe bezokudla, kanye nodokotela bezokwelapha ngomzimba.
3. Ukuphathwa kwezingozi ngokuhlola, ukuqapha eduze, kanye nokudluliselwa ngesikhathi.
4. Indlela ehlanganisa konke ehlanganisa izici zomzimba, zengqondo, zenhlalo, kanye nezidingo zomndeni.
Amasu Okunakekela Ababelethisi Esikhathini Sokukhulelwa Ngaphambi Kokukhulelwa
Isikhathi sokukhulelwa ngaphambi kokukhulelwa sibalulekile ngoba i-RA kanye nemithi yayo kungathinta ukuzala kanye nokuphepha kokukhulelwa. Amasu okunakekela ababelethisi kulesi sigaba afaka:
1. Ukuhlola okuphelele
– Umlando wezokwelapha: ubude be-RA, umsebenzi wesifo, amalunga athintekile, ukulinganiselwa kokusebenza.
– Umlando wemithi: ukusetshenziswa kwe-DMARD (Izidakamizwa Eziguqula Izifo Ezilwa Nesifo Samathambo), ama-corticosteroids, ama-NSAID, noma ama-biologics.
– Umlando wokukhulelwa kwangaphambilini kanye nezinkinga zokubeletha.
2. Ukwelulekwa kokuhlela ukukhulelwa
– Kugcizelela ukubaluleka kokukhulelwa lapho i-RA ilawulwa (ukukhuluphala noma umsebenzi ophansi).
– Ingxoxo ngokuthi yimiphi imithi ephephile nokuthi yimiphi okufanele iyekwe ngaphambi kokukhulelwa. Eminye imithi ye-RA ibangela ukuvuvukala kwezicubu, ngakho-ke ukubonisana nodokotela osizayo kubalulekile.
3. Imfundo yendlela yokuphila
– Ukudla okunomsoco okune-protein eningi, i-calcium, kanye ne-vitamin D ukuze kusekelwe impilo yamathambo.
– Ukuzivocavoca umzimba okulula njengokuzelula nokuzivocavoca amalunga ukuze kugcinwe ukuhamba.
– Ukuphathwa kokucindezeleka kanye nekhwalithi yokulala ngoba ukucindezeleka kungenza izimpawu zokuvuvukala zibe zimbi kakhulu.
Izindlela Zokunakekela Ababelethisi Ngesikhathi Sokukhulelwa (Ukukhulelwa)
Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ababelethisi kudingeka benze ukuqapha okuhlelekile phakathi komama nomntwana kuyilapho bekwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ze-RA.
1. Ukuhlolwa okuvamile nokukhethekile
– Ukuhlolwa okuvamile kokukhulelwa: umfutho wegazi, isisindo, ukuphakama kwesibeletho, ukushaya kwenhliziyo kombungu, izimpawu zengozi yokukhulelwa.
– Ukuhlolwa kwe-RA: izinga lobuhlungu, ukuqina, ukuvuvukala kwamalunga, ikhono lokwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke, kanye nezimpawu zemiphumela emibi yemithi efana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme noma ushukela wegazi okhuphukile ngenxa yama-steroids.
2. Ukuphathwa kobuhlungu okungeyona eyemithi
– Ukucindezela okufudumele emalungeni aqinile noma ukucindezela okubandayo emalungeni avuvukele kuye ngempendulo yomuntu ngamunye.
- Ukuphumula kokuphefumula okujulile, amasu okuphazamisa, kanye nokusekelwa kwengqondo.
– Izincomo zezindawo zokuphumula ezinciphisa ingcindezi emalungeni, isibonelo ukusebenzisa umcamelo wokusekela.
3. Usizo ngokusetshenziswa kwemithi (ngokubambisana)
Ababelethisi abanikezi imithi ye-RA, kodwa badlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukulandelwa kwemithetho, ukuqapha imiphumela emibi, nokukhuthaza ukuvakashelwa njalo kudokotela. Ababelethisi kudingeka futhi bakhumbuze omama ukuthi bangayeki imithi ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kweseluleko sezokwelapha, njengoba ukuqubuka kwe-RA kungaba yingozi kumama kanye nosana.
4. Ukuqapha ukudla okunomsoco kanye ne-anemia
Ukuhamba kancane ngezinye izikhathi kuvimbela omama ekulungiseleleni ukudla okunomsoco. Ababelethisi bangakha amasu: izinhlelo zokudla ezilula, ukwesekwa komndeni, kanye nezinhlelo zemenyu ezilula ukuzilungiselela. I-anemia idinga ukulindeleka, njengoba ukuvuvukala okungapheli kungabangela i-anemia yesifo esingamahlalakhona.
5. Ukuthola nokuvimbela izinkinga
– Qapha ingozi yomfutho wegazi ophakeme ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa (ikakhulukazi uma usebenzisa ama-steroid), kanye nezimpawu zokutheleleka ngoba imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba inganciphisa amasosha omzimba.
– Ncoma ukugonywa okunconywayo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ngokwemigomo kazwelonke kanye nezimo zezokwelapha.
Amasu Okunakekela Ababelethisi Ekubelethweni Kwengane
Ukubeletha komama abane-RA kudinga ukuhlela ngokucophelela, ikakhulukazi uma kuthinteka amalunga esinqeni, edolweni, noma emgogodleni.
1. Uhlelo lokuzalwa lomuntu ngamunye
– Ingxoxo kusukela ku-trimester yokugcina ngezindlela zokubeletha, ukuphathwa kobuhlungu, kanye nesidingo esingaba khona samadivayisi okusiza.
– Abanye omama basengaba nokubeletha okuvamile, kodwa ukulinganiselwa kwamalunga noma izinkinga zokubeletha kungandisa amathuba okungenelela kokuhlinzwa.
2. Ukuphathwa kwesikhundla somsebenzi
– Umbelethisi usiza ekukhetheni indawo ekhululekile nephephile emalungeni, isibonelo, ukulala ngohlangothi (eceleni), ukuhlala phansi kancane, noma indawo esekelwa idolo.
– Gwema izindlela eziphoqa ukugoba okukhulu esilungwini esibuhlungu.
3. Amasu okunciphisa ubuhlungu
- Ukuzivocavoca kokuphefumula, ukubhucungwa okulula, kanye nokusekela okuqhubekayo.
– Ukubambisana kwezokwelapha ubuhlungu uma kudingeka ngokwenqubo kanye nesimo sikamama.
4. Ukuvimbela ukukhathala
Omama abane-RA bakhathala kalula. Ababelethisi kudingeka bathuthukise amasu okonga amandla njengokuphumula phakathi kokusikwa, ukuphuza amanzi anele, kanye nokusekelwa yimindeni/abasebenza nabo.
Amasu Okunakekela Umbelethisi Ngemva Kokubeletha Nokuncelisa
Isikhathi sokubeletha yisikhathi esivame ukuba nokuqhuma kwe-RA. Ngakho-ke, ukunakekelwa kokubeletha kumele kugcizelele ukuqapha izifo kanye nokulungela kukamama ukunakekela ingane yakhe.
1. Ukuqapha ama-flares nezimo ezijwayelekile
- Hlola ubuhlungu bamalunga, ukuqina kwawo, kanye nekhono lokuzinakekela.
– Qaphela izimpawu zokutheleleka, ukopha ngemva kokubeletha, kanye nokuguquka kwesibeletho ngokwezindinganiso zokunakekelwa ngemva kokubeletha.
2. Ukusekelwa kokuncelisa
– I-RA ayivimbeli ukuncelisa, kodwa ubuhlungu besandla nehlombe bungayivimbela i-latch-on. Ababelethisi bangafundisa izikhundla zokuncelisa ezilungelelene: ukulala eceleni, ukubamba ibhola ngomcamelo, noma ukusebenzisa umcamelo wokuncelisa ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka kwengalo.
– Ukwelulekwa ngokubambisana mayelana nokuphepha kwemithi ye-RA ngesikhathi sokuncelisa, njengoba eminye imithi ingadlulela obisini lwebele. Ababelethisi bakhuthaza omama ukuthi babonisane ngaphambi kokuqala kabusha imithi ethile.
3. Imfundo ngokunakekelwa kwengane okuphephile emalungeni
– Fundisa amasu okuthwala umntwana ngokusekelwa, ukusebenzisa izithwali ezisebenza kahle, kanye nokushintsha amatafula ukuze ugweme ukugoba njalo.
– Khuthaza ukwabelana ngezindima nomlingani wakho/umndeni wakho ngemisebenzi ebangela ubuhlungu, njengokugeza ingane yakho ngesikhathi sokusha.
4. Ukuhlolwa kwempilo yengqondo
Ubuhlungu obungapheli buyandisa ingozi yokuzizwa ucindezelekile noma ukucindezeleka kwangemva kokubeletha. Ababelethisi kufanele benze ukuhlolwa okulula, banikeze ukwesekwa, futhi badlulisele noma yiziphi izimpawu zokucindezeleka.
Imibhalo kanye nokuhlolwa kokunakekelwa
Ababelethisi kudingeka babhale phansi ngokuhlelekile zonke izivivinyo, izinhlelo, izenzo, kanye nokuhlolwa. Ukuhlolwa kufaka phakathi: Ukulawulwa kwezimpawu ze-RA, ukuhambisana nokuhlolwa kwe-ANC, isimo sokudla, imiphumela yokuqapha umama nomntwana, kanye nempumelelo yokuncelisa kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo ngemva kokubeletha. Uma kutholakala izimpawu zengozi (isib. umfutho wegazi ophakeme kakhulu, ukuphelelwa umoya, umkhuhlane, ukuncipha kokunyakaza komntwana, noma ubuhlungu obukhulu bamalunga obuhambisana nokuvuvukala okukhulu), kudingeka ukudluliselwa ngokushesha.
I-Penutup
Amasu okunakekelwa kwababelethisi be-rheumatoid arthritis adinga indlela ehleliwe, ebambisene, negxile kumama. Ngokuhlolwa okuphelele, ukuqapha eduze phakathi nokukhulelwa, ukubeletha okulungiselelwe, kanye nokusekelwa okuqinile kwangemva kokubeletha kanye nokuncelisa, ababelethisi bangasiza abesifazane abane-RA ukuba bakhulelwe ngokuphephile futhi bafinyelele izinga lempilo elingcono. Ukunakekelwa okuphumelelayo kuthonywa kakhulu ukuxhumana okuphumelelayo, imfundo yomndeni, kanye nokuxhumana phakathi kochwepheshe ukuqinisekisa impilo engcono kakhulu kamama nosana.
