Ukuphathwa Kokunakekelwa Kwababelethisi Ezimweni Zokuntuleka Kwe-Anorexia
I-Pendahuluan
I-Anorexia nervosa yisifo sokudla esibonakala ngokuncishiswa kokudla ngokweqile, ukwesaba ngokweqile ukukhuluphala, kanye nombono womzimba ophambene. Lesi simo asigcini nje ngokuphazamisa isimo sokudla kanye nempilo yomzimba kodwa futhi nempilo yengqondo, ukusebenza kokuzala, kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila. Ngokuphathelene nokubeletha, i-anorexia iyinkinga enkulu ngoba ingathinta impilo yamantombazane asakhula, abesifazane abaseminyakeni yokuzala, abesifazane abakhulelwe, kanye nalabo abaseminyakeni yokubeletha kanye neyokuncelisa. Ngakho-ke, ababelethisi kudingeka babe nekhono lokubona izimpawu, benze ukuhlolwa, banikeze imfundo, futhi babambisane nabanye ochwepheshe bezempilo ukuqinisekisa ukwelashwa okuphephile nokuphelele.
Umphumela We-Anorexia Empilweni Yokuzala Neyokubeletha
Kwabesifazane, i-anorexia ivame ukuhlotshaniswa nezinkinga zamahomoni ezibangelwa ukuntuleka kwamandla okungapheli. Imiphumela emibi evamile ihlanganisa i-amenorrhea (ukungabikho kokuya esikhathini), imijikelezo yokuya esikhathini engajwayelekile, ukwehla kwesifiso sobulili, ngisho nokungabi nabantwana. Ukuntuleka kwezakhamzimba ezinkulu nezincane nakho kubangela i-anemia, i-osteopenia/i-osteoporosis, ukuphazamiseka kwe-electrolyte, i-hypotension, i-bradycardia, kanye nokwehla kwe-immune system.
Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, i-anorexia yandisa ingozi yezinkinga ezifana nalezi:
1. Ukuphuma kwesisu ngenxa yezimo zokudla ezingezinhle kanye nokungalingani kwama-hormone.
2. I-IUGR (Intrauterine Growth Restriction) kanye nezingane ezizalwa zinesisindo esiphansi ngenxa yokutholakala kwezakhamzimba okulinganiselwe.
3. Ukubeletha ngaphambi kwesikhathi kanye nokuqhuma kwama-membrane ngaphambi kwesikhathi kuhlobene nobuthakathaka bomzimba kanye nesimo somzimba esingesihle.
4. Ukuntuleka kwegazi okukhulu kanye nokuntuleka kwezakhamzimba ezincane (i-iron, i-folate, i-vitamin D, i-calcium) okwenza impilo kamama nosana lube buthakathaka.
5. Ukucindezeleka nokukhathazeka kunganda ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kanye nangemva kokubeletha.
Ngesikhathi sokubeletha, i-anorexia ingabangela ukwehla kokukhiqizwa kobisi lwebele, ukululama kancane, kanye nengozi yokuphazamiseka kwemizwa ngemva kokubeletha.
Indima Yababelethisi Ekuphathweni Kokunakekelwa Kwababelethisi
Ukuphathwa kokunakekelwa kwababelethisi be-anorexia kuhlose ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kweklayenti, ukunciphisa izinkinga, kanye nokwenza kube lula ukululama kancane kancane empilweni yokusebenza. Indima yombelethisi ihlanganisa izici eziningana ezibalulekile: ukutholwa kusenesikhathi, ukuxhumana kwezokwelapha, ukuqapha isimo sokudla okunempilo kanye nezimpawu zengozi, imfundo, ukwesekwa kwengqondo, kanye nokudluliselwa noma ukubambisana phakathi kochwepheshe.
1. Ukutholwa Nokuhlolwa Kwasekusenesikhathi
Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuqaphela izimpawu ezibonisa i-anorexia. Ababelethisi kufanele babheke izimpawu ezifana nalezi:
– I-BMI ephansi noma ukwehla kwesisindo okukhulu.
– Imikhuba yokudla ekhetha kakhulu, ukugwema amaqembu athile okudla, noma ukwesaba ukudla.
– Ukuvivinya umzimba ngokweqile, ukusebenzisa imithi yokuhlanza/yokuhlanza, noma ukuziphatha kokuhlanza.
– I-Amenorrhea noma ukuya esikhathini okungajwayelekile.
– Izikhalazo zobuthakathaka, isiyezi, ukuzizwa ubanda kalula, isikhumba esomile, ukulahleka kwezinwele.
– Ukukhathazeka ngokweqile ngesimo somzimba, noma ubonakala unciphile kakhulu.
Ukuhlolwa kungenziwa ngezingxoxo kanye nezinsimbi ezilula, njengemibuzo mayelana nokudla, isithombe somzimba, kanye nomlando wesisindo. Ababelethisi kufanele balondoloze indlela yokungahluleli ukuze amaklayenti azizwe ephephile ngokwabelana ngezindaba zawo.
2. Ukuhlola Okuphelele
Uma sekusolwa, umbelethisi wenza ukuhlolwa okuphelele okuhlanganisa:
– Umlando wezokwelapha: izifo ezihambisana nalesi simo, umlando wezinkinga zengqondo (ukucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka), umlando womndeni.
– Umlando wokuya esikhathini nokuzala: umjikelezo, i-amenorrhea, umlando wokukhulelwa, ukuvimbela inzalo.
– Izindlela zokudla: inani, uhlobo, izikhathi zokudla, imithetho, ukuziphatha kokuhlanza.
– Ukuhlolwa komzimba: isisindo, ukuphakama, i-BMI, izimpawu zokuphila, isimo sesikhumba, izinwele, izimpawu zokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni.
– Izimpawu zezinkinga: ukwehla komfutho wegazi, i-bradycardia, ukuvuvukala, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo.
– Izici zengqondo nezenhlalo: ukucindezeleka komndeni, ingcindezi yomphakathi, okuhlangenwe nakho kokuxhashazwa, ukuhlukumezeka, ukufuna ukuphelela, kanye nokusekelwa komphakathi.
Kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, ukuhlolwa kuhambisana nokuhlolwa kokukhulelwa ngokwezindinganiso ze-ANC, okuhlanganisa nokuqapha ukukhula kombungu kanye nezimpawu eziyingozi kakhulu.
3. Ukuxilongwa Kwezinkinga Zokukhulelwa Nokunqunywa Kwezinkinga
Ababelethisi bakha inkinga ngokusekelwe kudatha yangempela. Ukuxilongwa okuvamile kokubeletha ezimweni ze-anorexia kufaka phakathi:
– Ukungalingani kokudla okunempilo: ngaphansi kwezidingo zomzimba
– Ingozi ephezulu yokuphazamiseka kokukhula kombungu (ekukhulelweni)
- Izinkinga zephethini yokuya esikhathini noma i-amenorrhea
- Ingozi ye-anemia kanye nokuphazamiseka kwe-electrolyte
- Ukukhathazeka okuhlobene nomzimba kanye nesisindo
- Ukuntuleka kolwazi mayelana nokudla okunempilo kanye nomthelela we-anorexia
Kulesi sigaba, umbelethisi uphinde abone izinga lesimo esiphuthumayo. Uma kutholakala izimpawu zengozi (isib., i-syncope, izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo eliphansi kakhulu, ukwehla okukhulu komfutho wegazi, ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, noma ingozi yokuzibulala okusolwayo), kudingeka ukudluliselwa ngokushesha.
4. Ukuhlela Ukungenelela
Ukuhlela ukunakekelwa kwababelethisi kwenziwa ngokusekelwe esimweni sesiguli, izinsizakusebenza, kanye nobunzima be-anorexia. Uhlelo lokungenelela luhlanganisa:
a. Imfundo yokudla okunempilo kanye nezindlela zokudla kancane kancane
Ababelethisi banikeza imfundo ngesidingo sokudla okunomsoco olinganiselayo, ukubaluleka kwamaprotheni, ama-carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi, amafutha anempilo, amavithamini, namaminerali. Kodwa-ke, ku-anorexia, imfundo idinga ukuba kancane kancane futhi ibe ngokoqobo. Ukugxila kokuqala kusekusunguleni iphethini yokudla evamile, hhayi nje ukwandisa ubukhulu besabelo ngokuzumayo.
b. Ukusekelwa kwengqondo kanye nokuxhumana ngokwelapha
Ababelethisi bakha ubudlelwano bozwela, bagweme ukuphawula okucasula isisindo, futhi basize amaklayenti ukuthi abone imicabango emibi ngemizimba yawo. Nakuba izazi zengqondo/odokotela bezifo zengqondo benikeza ukwelashwa kwengqondo okuyisisekelo, ababelethisi badlala indima ebalulekile ekuqiniseni isisusa, ukusiza ukubhekana nesimo esinempilo, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi amaklayenti awazizwa enecala.
c. Ukuqapha isimo sempilo
Ukuqapha kuhlanganisa isisindo, izimpawu zokuphila, izimpawu zokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, kanye nokuhlolwa kwezimpawu ze-anemia. Kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, ababelethisi baphinde baqaphe ukukhuluphala ngokwezincomo, ukunyakaza kombungu, kanye nemiphumela yokuhlolwa okusekelayo, uma kutholakala.
d. Ukuvimbela izinkinga
Ababelethisi batusa ukuphumula okwanele, ukunciphisa umsebenzi womzimba owedlulele, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi uphuza uketshezi oluningi. Uma kunezimpawu zokuntuleka kokudla okunempilo, ababelethisi bangakhuthaza ukwengezwa okunconywayo (isb., izithasiselo zensimbi, i-folic acid). Ukwengezwa kufanele kusalungiswa ngokwezinqubomgomo zendawo futhi ngokubambisana nodokotela noma isazi sokudla okunempilo.
e. Ukubambisana kanye nokudluliselwa kwabanye
I-Anorexia yisimo esithinta imikhakha eminingi. Ababelethisi kudingeka babhekisele noma basebenzisane nalokhu:
– Udokotela (wokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha, ukuhlolwa kwelebhu, kanye nezinkinga)
– Isazi sokudla okunempilo (sezinhlelo zokudla ezihlelekile)
– Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo/udokotela wezifo zengqondo (sokwelashwa kwengqondo nokuziphatha, ukwelashwa komndeni, noma ukwelashwa ngamakhambi uma kudingeka)
Ukubambisana kuhlanganisa nokubandakanyeka komndeni uma iklayenti livuma, njengoba ukwesekwa komndeni kubalulekile ekuphumeleleni kokululama.
5. Ukuqaliswa Kokunakekelwa
Ukuqaliswa kwenziwa ngokwecebo kanye namakhono esikhungo sesevisi. Izibonelo zokuqaliswa:
– Vumelanani ngezinhloso ezincane njengokudla ukudla oku-3 ngosuku kanye nokudla okulula okungu-1-2.
– Ukwelulekwa njalo mayelana nezinguquko zomzimba ezinempilo, ikakhulukazi kwabasha noma abesifazane abakhulelwe.
- Ukuqapha njalo isisindo somzimba kanye nezimpawu zokuphila, kanye nemibhalo ecacile.
– Fundisa imindeni ukuthi ingaphoqi noma igxeke, kodwa isekele inqubo yokudla nokululama.
– Yakha uhlelo lokulandelela olucacile, isibonelo ukuvakashelwa kokubuyela masonto onke noma kabili ngesonto.
Kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, ukuqaliswa kwayo kuhlanganisa ne-ANC ehlanganisiwe, ukuqapha inhlalakahle yombungu, kanye nokufundiswa ngezimpawu eziyingozi njengokuphuma kwegazi, ubuhlungu obukhulu, ukunyakaza kombungu okunciphile, noma ukufinyela ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
6. Ukuhlola Nokulandelela
Kuhlolwa ukuze kuhlolwe ukuthi ukungenelela kuyasebenza yini. Izinkomba zempumelelo zingafaka:
- Izindlela zokudla ezivamile kanye nokunciphisa ukuziphatha okuqinile ngokweqile.
– Ukuqina kwezimpawu ezibalulekile kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezikhalazo zomzimba.
– Ukukhuluphala kancane kancane ngokwemigomo yezokwelapha.
- Isimo sengqondo esithuthukisiwe, ukukhathazeka okuncishisiwe, kanye nesisusa esikhulu sokululama.
– Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa: ukukhula kombungu kufaneleka ngokweminyaka yokukhulelwa futhi azikho izimpawu ze-IUGR noma izinkinga ezinkulu.
Uma kungekho ntuthuko noma izimpawu zokuphuthumayo zivela, umbelethisi kumele andise ubukhulu bokudluliselwa futhi aqinisekise ukuthi iklayenti lithola ukunakekelwa okukhethekile.
Isiphetho
Ukuphathwa kokunakekelwa kwababelethisi be-anorexia kudinga amakhono okwelapha, ukuxhumana kwezokwelapha, kanye nokubambisana phakathi kochwepheshe. Ababelethisi badlala indima ebalulekile ekutholakaleni kusenesikhathi, ekuhlolweni okuphelele, emfundweni yokudla okuphephile, ekusekelweni kwengqondo, kanye nokuqapha umama nomntwana ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ngendlela ephelele nezwela, ukunakekelwa kwababelethisi kungasiza ekuvimbeleni izinkinga ezinkulu ngenkathi kusekelwa ukululama okuqhubekayo kwesiguli ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo.
