Ukunakekelwa Kwababelethisi Ezimweni Ze-Psoriasis
I-Pendahuluan
I-Psoriasis yisifo sesikhumba esingamahlalakhona esibonakala ngokuvuvukala kanye nokwanda okukhulu kwamangqamuzana esikhumba, okuholela kumabala abomvu (ama-plaque) anama-scales amhlophe njengesiliva, ukulunywa, isikhumba esomile, ngisho nobuhlungu. Lesi sifo siyabuya, sithonywa yizici zofuzo kanye nezokulwa namasosha omzimba, futhi sibangelwa ukucindezeleka, ukutheleleka, ukulimala kwesikhumba, izinguquko zamahomoni, imithi ethile, kanye nendlela yokuphila. Ngokwesimo sokubelethisa, i-psoriasis iyinkinga ngoba ingenzeka emantombazaneni asebasha, kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, kanye nomama abancelisayo. Nakuba i-psoriasis ingathelelani, ukukhala ngesikhumba kungaphazamisa induduzo yesiguli, ikhwalithi yokulala, isithombe somuntu siqu, kanye nempilo yengqondo. Ngakho-ke, ukunakekelwa okuphelele kokubelethisa kubalulekile ngokusebenzisa indlela yokubambisana yokukhuthaza, yokuvimbela, kanye neyokwelapha, kanye nokusekelwa okuqhubekayo kwengqondo.
Ukubuka Konke Nge-Psoriasis Nomphumela Wayo Kwabesifazane
I-Psoriasis inezinhlobo eziningana, ezivame kakhulu yi-plaque psoriasis. Izindawo ezivamile zifaka phakathi izindololwane, amadolo, isikhumba sekhanda, umhlane, kanye nokugoba komzimba, kodwa kungathinta nendawo ebucayi yesitho sangasese sobulili. Kwabesifazane, izinguquko zamahomoni ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini, ukukhulelwa, kanye nesikhathi sokubeletha kungathinta inkambo yesifo. Abanye besifazane abakhulelwe bathola ukuthuthuka kwezimpawu, kodwa abanye bangase babe nokubi kakhulu noma ukuphinda babuye, ikakhulukazi esikhathini sokubeletha. Imiphumela ye-psoriasis ayigcini nje ngokomzimba kodwa futhi ingokwengqondo, njengokukhathazeka, ukuhlazeka, ukuhoxa emphakathini, kanye nengozi yokucindezeleka. Uma i-psoriasis ithinta izingono noma i-areola, omama abancelisayo bangase babe nobuhlungu obuthinta induduzo yokuncelisa.
Indima Yababelethisi Ekunakekelweni Kwe-Psoriasis
Ababelethisi badlala indima ekuhlinzekeni ukunakekelwa kwempilo kwabesifazane okuphelele. Ezimweni ze-psoriasis, ababelethisi abathathi indawo yendima yodokotela besikhumba, kodwa banganikeza ukuhlonza kusenesikhathi, imfundo, ukuqapha, ukwesekwa kwengqondo, kanye nokudluliselwa ngesikhathi. Ababelethisi basiza futhi ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha kwezindlela zokwelapha isikhumba kwabesifazane abakhulelwe nabancelisayo, njengoba eminye imithi ye-psoriasis inezingozi embungwini noma enganeni.
Ukuhlolwa Kokubelethisa
Ukuhlolwa okuhle kwakha isisekelo sokunakekelwa. Ababelethisi kudingeka benze ukuhlolwa komlando okuhlanganisa:
1. Izikhalazo eziyinhloko: ukulunywa, ubuhlungu, ukoma, isikhumba esinamaxolo, esibomvu, esibuhlungu, noma esiqhekekile.
2. Umlando wesifo samanje: lapho sivela khona, ukuphindaphindeka kokubuyela emuva, ubukhulu bendawo, izimbangela (ukucindezeleka, ukutheleleka emphinjeni, isimo sezulu esibandayo, ukukhathala, ukungqubuzana kwesikhumba).
3. Umlando wemithi: okhilimu be-corticosteroid, amafutha e-salicylic acid, ama-moisturizer, i-phototherapy, noma imithi yesistimu. Buza mayelana nokuhambisana nemithi kanye nemiphumela emibi.
4. Umlando wokukhulelwa: isimo sokukhulelwa/sokuncelisa, iminyaka yokukhulelwa, izikhalazo zokukhulelwa, umlando wezinkinga.
5. Umlando womndeni: i-psoriasis ivame ukuba nomthelela ozuzwe njengefa.
6. Izici zengqondo nezenhlalo: amazinga okucindezeleka, ikhwalithi yokulala, ukwesekwa komndeni, kanye nomthelela ekuzethembeni.
Kuhlolwa ngokomzimba, kuqashelwe isimo sesikhumba: uhlobo lwesilonda, indawo, ukuba khona kokutheleleka kwesibili (ubomvu, ukubomvu okusabalele, ubuhlungu, umkhuhlane), kanye nokuhlolwa okulula kobunzima. Ababelethisi bangahlola nezimpawu ze-anemia noma ukungondleki kahle ezigulini ezinezimo ezingamahlalakhona, noma ngabe i-psoriasis ngokwayo ayiyona imbangela eqondile.
Ukuxilongwa/Ukuhlaziywa Kwenkinga
Ekubelethiseni, ukuhlaziywa okungahlanganiswa kuhlanganisa:
– Ukukhubazeka kwesikhumba kuhlotshaniswa nokuvuvukala okungapheli ku-psoriasis.
– Ukungakhululeki (ukuluma/ubuhlungu) okuhambisana nezilonda zesikhumba.
– Ingozi yokutheleleka kwesibili ngenxa yokuklwebheka kanye nokuqhekeka kwesikhumba.
– Ukuphazamiseka kwesithombe somzimba noma ukukhathazeka ngenxa yezinguquko ekubukekeni.
– Kumama abancelisayo: ubuhlungu ngesikhathi sokuncelisa uma isilonda sithinta ibele/ingono.
Ukuhlela Ukunakekelwa
Ukuhlela ukunakekelwa kugxila emigomweni elandelayo: ukunciphisa izimpawu, ukuvimbela izinkinga, ukuthuthukisa amakhono okuzinakekela, ukugcina ikhwalithi yokuphila, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kukamama nomntwana/usana. Izinhlelo zokunakekela zingafaka:
1. Ukufundiswa kwezifo: i-psoriasis iyisifo esingamahlalakhona, ayithelelani, iyalawuleka, futhi inezigaba zokubuyela emuva.
2. Ukunakekelwa kwesikhumba nsuku zonke: sebenzisa i-moisturizer, geza ngensipho ethambile, gwema amanzi ashisa kakhulu, gcina umswakama wesikhumba.
3. Nciphisa izinto ezibangela ukucindezeleka: ukulawula ukucindezeleka, ulale ngokwanele, gwema ukubhema notshwala, futhi unciphise ukulimala kwesikhumba (ukuklwebha, ukuklwebha ngendlela exakile).
4. Ukuqapha ukukhulelwa/ukuncelisa: ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imithi kanye nokwelashwa kuphephile.
5. Ukubambisana kanye nokudluliselwa: ikakhulukazi uma izilonda zinkulu, ubuhlungu bukhulu, kukhona ukutheleleka, noma isiguli sidinga ukwelashwa okuhlelekile.
6. Ukusekelwa kwengqondo: ukwelulekwa okuyisisekelo, ukwesekwa komndeni, kanye nokudluliselwa uma kunezimpawu zokucindezeleka okukhulu.
Ukuqaliswa Kokunakekelwa (Izenzo)
1. Ukungenelela Okungeyona Eyemithi
Ababelethisi bangancoma izinyathelo eziphephile neziwusizo:
– Faka umswakama njalo okungenani kabili ngosuku, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokugeza, ukuze unciphise ukoma nokulunywa.
– Faka umuthi obandayo endaweni elumayo ukuze unciphise isifiso sokuklwebha.
– Gqoka izingubo ezikhululekile ezenziwe ngezinto ezithambile ukuze unciphise ukungqubuzana.
– Gcina izinzipho zakho zimfushane futhi zihlanzekile, okunciphisa ingozi yokulimala lapho uziklwebha.
– Hlanza isikhumba sekhanda nge-shampoo emnene. Uma kukhona amabala amakhulu, isiguli kufanele sihlolwe udokotela ukuze sithole i-shampoo ekhethekile.
– Ukulawula ukucindezeleka: ukuvivinya umzimba ngokuphefumula, ukuphumula, umsebenzi olula, ukwesekwa komndeni, kanye nokukhulumisana okuvulekile.
2. Ukungenelela Kwemithi (Ukubambisana)
Ababelethisi kudingeka baqaphele ngemithi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kanye nokuncelisa. Ngokuvamile:
– Ama-moisturizer kanye nama-emollients ngokuvamile aphephile.
– Ama-corticosteroids angasetshenziswa njengoba kunqunywe udokotela; umbelethisi angakusiza ukukufundisa ngokusetshenziswa okufanele nokuqapha imiphumela emibi.
– Imithi yesistimu (isib. ama-retinoids omlomo noma amanye ama-immunomodulators) inezingozi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa futhi kufanele ibe ngaphansi kokuqashwa ngudokotela. Ababelethisi kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi iziguli azisebenzisi imithi ngaphandle kokubonisana nabo.
– Ukwelashwa nge-Phototherapy ngezinye izikhathi kuyindlela ekhethwayo ezimweni ezithile futhi kudinga izikhungo ezikhethekile kanye nokuqapha.
3. Ukunakekelwa Ngesikhathi Sokukhulelwa
Kwabesifazane abakhulelwe abane-psoriasis, ukugxila kokunakekelwa kuhlanganisa:
– Qaphela izinkinga zesikhumba kanye nomthelela wazo ekulaleni, ekucindezelekeni, kanye nasekhwalithini yempilo.
– Hlola ukuthi kukhona yini izifo zesikhumba zesibili ezingadala isimo esibi kakhulu.
– Imfundo ethuthukisa abanye omama ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kodwa ukuphinda kwenzeke kungenzeka ikakhulukazi ngemva kokubeletha.
– Gcizelela ukubaluleka kokuhlola udokotela wesikhumba uma izikhalazo ziba zimbi noma zidinga imithi enamandla.
– Hlanganisa ukunakekelwa okuvamile kwangaphambi kokubeletha: ukudla okunomsoco olinganiselayo, amanzi anele, ukulawula isisindo, kanye nokuhlolwa kwempilo yengqondo.
4. Ukunakekelwa Kwangemva Kokubeletha Nokuncelisa
Ngesikhathi sokubeletha, izinguquko zamahomoni kanye nokukhathala kungabangela ukubuyela emuva kokukhulelwa. Ababelethisi bangenza okulandelayo:
- Khuthaza ukuphumula okwanele, ukwesekwa komndeni, kanye nokulawula ukucindezeleka.
– Uma isilonda sithinta ibele, umbelethisi uzosiza ekubekeni indawo yokuncelisa ukuze agweme ukwanda kokulimala kwesikhumba.
– Khumbuza ukusetshenziswa kwama-creams anemithi endaweni yebele ngokwezincomo zikadokotela, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi indawo yengono ihlanzwa uma kudingeka ngaphambi kokuncelisa (kuye ngohlobo lomuthi).
– Qaphela ukuthi ubuhlungu bokuncelisa bubangela ukwehla kwemvamisa yokuncelisa, ngaleyo ndlela kubeke engcupheni yokuminyana kobisi lwebele noma i-mastitis.
Ukuhlola Nokulandelela
Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ngokuhlola:
– Ukunciphisa ukulunywa, ukubomvu, ukukhuhla, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwenduduzo yokulala.
– Azikho izimpawu zokutheleleka kwesibili (ubuhlungu obukhulu, ubomvu, umkhuhlane).
- Ukuthobela ukunakekelwa kwesikhumba kwesiguli kanye nokugwema ukukhungatheka.
– Isimo sengqondo: ingabe isiguli siyazethemba kakhudlwana, asikhathazeki kakhulu, futhi sinokusekelwa okuhle.
– Kwabesifazane abakhulelwe: isimo somntwana osanda kuzalwa kanye nonina siyaqhubeka nokubhekwa ngokwezindinganiso ze-ANC.
– Kwabomama abancelisayo: inqubo yokuncelisa ibushelelezi, azikho izilonda ezengeziwe, futhi umntwana uthola ubisi lwebele olwanele.
Ukulandelela kubalulekile ngoba i-psoriasis ivame ukuphinda ibuye. Ababelethisi bangahlela ukuhlolwa, banikeze ulwazi ngezinto okufanele bazigweme, futhi bakhuthaze iziguli ukuba zifune usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma kwenzeka izinguquko eziphathelene nalesi sifo.
Isiphetho
Ukunakekelwa kwe-psoriasis ngokukhulelwa kudinga indlela ephelele ehlanganisa ukuhlolwa okuphelele, imfundo, ukunakekelwa kwesikhumba okuphephile, ukuphathwa kwezimbangela, ukwesekwa kwengqondo, kanye nokubambisana nodokotela wesikhumba. Kwabesifazane abakhulelwe nabancelisayo, ukuphepha kokwelapha kuyinto eza kuqala ngoba eminye imithi ye-psoriasis ibeka engcupheni ingane noma usana. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele nokuqhubekayo, iziguli zingaphatha kangcono izimpawu, zivimbele izinkinga, futhi zilondoloze ikhwalithi yokuphila ngesikhathi sokuzala, ukukhulelwa, ngemva kokubeletha, kanye nokuncelisa.
Uma ufisa, ngingaqedela lesi sihloko ngefomethi yokunakekelwa kwababelethisi be-SOAP, izibonelo zokuxilongwa kwe-obstetric/NANDA, noma izifundo zamacala (isb., owesifazane okhulelwe ku-trimester yakhe yesibili ene-plaque psoriasis).
