Usizo Lwedivayisi Yezokwelapha Kwababelethisi
Ukubelethisa kuyigatsha lesayensi eligxile ekunakekelweni kwabesifazane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukubeletha, kanye nesikhathi sokubeletha. Ukubelethisa kudlala indima ebalulekile empilweni yomama nezingane. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ubuchwepheshe bube negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni ikhwalithi yezinsizakalo zokubelethisa. Lesi sihloko sizochaza amadivayisi ahlukahlukene ezokwelapha asiza ekusebenzeni kokubelethisa, indlela asetshenziswa ngayo, kanye nezinzuzo azinikezayo.
1. I-Ultrasonography (USG)
I-Ultrasonography, noma i-USG, ingenye yamadivayisi ezokwelapha asetshenziswa kakhulu ekubelethweni. I-Ultrasound isebenzisa amaza omsindo avame kakhulu ukudala izithombe zombungu kanye nezitho zokuzala zikamama. I-Ultrasound isiza ababelethisi nodokotela ukuqapha ukukhula kombungu, ukubona ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa, ukunquma indawo yombungu, kanye nokukala amazinga oketshezi lwe-amniotic.
Inzuzo eyinhloko ye-ultrasound ukuphepha kwayo kanye nokungahlaseli. Ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound akubuhlungu futhi akubeki ingozi kumama noma kumntwana osanda kuzalwa. I-Ultrasound ivumela abasebenzi bezokwelapha ukuthi banikeze ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa okunembe kakhudlwana, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi kanye nokuphepha kokukhulelwa nokubeletha.
2. I-Monitor Yenhliziyo Yengane Esanda Kuzalwa
I-fetal heart monitor iyithuluzi elisetshenziselwa ukuqapha izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo kwengane kanye nokufinyela kwesibeletho ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kanye nokubeletha. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zama-monitor: ukuqapha kwangaphandle (ukusebenzisa idivayisi exhunywe esiswini sikamama) kanye nokuqapha kwangaphakathi (ukusebenzisa ama-electrode abekwe ekhanda lengane).
Ukuqapha inhliziyo yengane esanda kuzalwa kunikeza ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nesimo sengane esanda kuzalwa ngesikhathi sokubeletha. Ngokuqaphela izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo yengane esanda kuzalwa, ababelethisi bangathola izimpawu zokucindezeleka kwengane esanda kuzalwa noma i-hypoxia, okungathonya izinqumo mayelana nokungenelela kwezokwelapha njengokungeniswa kokubeletha noma ukuhlinzwa.
3. I-Doppler Fetal Heart Rate Monitor
I-Doppler fetus monitor iyithuluzi lezokwelapha eliphathekayo elivumela ababelethisi ukuthi bahlole ukushaya kwenhliziyo kwengane ngokushesha nangokulula ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Le divayisi isebenzisa isimiso se-Doppler ukuthola ukugeleza kwegazi futhi idlulise umsindo wokushaya kwenhliziyo ngesipikha esincane.
Ukusebenza kwale divayisi kuyenza ibe usizo kakhulu kokubili ekuhlolweni okuvamile kanye nasezimweni eziphuthumayo. Ababelethisi bangasebenzisa i-Doppler ukuhlinzeka ngokuhlolwa kokuqala kwenhlalakahle yengane ngaphambi kokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe njenge-ultrasound noma ukuqapha inhliziyo yengane.
4. I-Partography
I-partograph iyithuluzi elilula elisetshenziswa ukuqapha inqubekela phambili yokubeletha. Iyigrafu eqopha imingcele eyahlukene, njengokwanda komlomo wesibeletho, ukwehla kwekhanda lomntwana osanda kuzalwa, ukufinyela kwesibeletho, kanye nesimo sikamama (umfutho wegazi, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, izinga lokushisa lomzimba, njll.).
Leli thuluzi libalulekile ekusizeni ababelethisi ukuthi babone izinkinga ngesikhathi sokubeletha futhi banqume ukuthi kudingeka nini ukungenelela kwezokwelapha. Ukusetshenziswa kahle kwe-partograph kungavimbela izinkinga zokubeletha futhi kuthuthukise ukuphepha kukamama nomntwana.
5. I-Vacuum Extractor kanye ne-Forceps
Ama-vacuum extractor kanye nama-forceps ayizinsiza zokubeletha ezisetshenziswa ukusiza ekuzalweni komntwana lapho umama engakwazi ukusunduza ngenxa yokukhathala noma ezinye izinkinga. I-vacuum extractor isebenzisa indebe ebekwa phezu kwekhanda lomntwana futhi ixhunywe ephampini ukuze idale ukucindezeleka okungekuhle. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-forceps ayithuluzi elifana ne-clamp elisetshenziselwa ukubamba ikhanda lomntwana futhi lisize ekuzalweni kwakhe.
Ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yokukhipha i-vacuum kanye ne-forceps kumele kwenziwe ngabasebenzi bezokwelapha abaqeqeshiwe, njengoba kudinga ubuchwepheshe obukhethekile ukuze kugwenywe ingozi yokulimala kokubili kumama nakumntwana. Uma isetshenziswa kahle, la madivayisi angasindisa izimpilo futhi anciphise isidingo sokuhlinzwa.
6. Ukuvuselelwa Kwezinsana Ezisanda Kuzalwa
Ukuvuselelwa kwezinsana ezisanda kuzalwa uchungechunge lwezinqubo zezokwelapha ezenziwa ukusiza izinsana ezinenkinga yokuphefumula noma ezingaphefumuli nhlobo ngemva kokuzalwa. Imishini esetshenziswa ekuvuseleleni izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa ihlanganisa imaski yomoya-mpilo, isikhwama se-Ambu (i-resuscitator esetshenziswa ngesandla), kanye ne-endotracheal intubation.
Ukuvuselelwa kwezinsana ezisanda kuzalwa kubalulekile ekubelethweni ngoba izinsana ezingelashwa ngokushesha zingalimala ebuchosheni noma ngisho nokufa. Ngosizo lwemishini yokuvuselela, ababelethisi kanye nabasebenzi bezokwelapha banganikeza usizo lokuphefumula oluphumelelayo futhi bandise amathuba okusinda kwezinsana ezisosizini.
7. Ukufakwa kanye Nokufakwa Kwegazi
Ngesikhathi sokubeletha, omama bangathola ukopha okukhulu, okungasongela impilo. Ukumpontshelwa nge-intravenous (IV) kanye nokumpontshelwa ngegazi kuyizindlela ezimbili ezibalulekile zezokwelapha ekuphatheni lesi simo. Izixazululo ze-intravenous (IV) zisetshenziselwa ukuletha uketshezi kanye nemithi ngqo egazini likamama, kuyilapho ukumpontshelwa igazi kuyadingeka uma umama elahlekelwa igazi kakhulu.
Imishini yesimanje yokufaka igazi nokufaka igazi ivumela izinqubo ezisheshayo neziphephile. Ababelethisi abaqeqeshwe bangasebenzisa le mishini ukuze bazinzise isimo sikamama ngenkathi belinde ukwelashwa okwengeziwe esikhungweni sezempilo esihlomele kahle.
8. Ithuluzi Lokuqapha Impilo Yomama
Ngaphezu kwamadivayisi okuqapha umbungu kanye nokubeletha, ubuchwepheshe buhlinzeka nangamathuluzi ahlukahlukene okuqapha impilo kamama. Isibonelo, abaqaphi bengcindezi yegazi kanye nama-oximeter balinganisa amazinga omoya-mpilo egazini. Lawa madivayisi amabili abalulekile ekuboneni izinkinga ezifana ne-preeclampsia kanye nokucindezeleka kokuphefumula.
Ukuhlolwa njalo kusetshenziswa la mathuluzi kuvumela ababelethisi ukuthi bathole izinkinga kusenesikhathi futhi bathathe isinyathelo sokuqapha impilo kamama nosana.
9. Amathuluzi Okubulala Inzalo
Ukuhlanza inzalo kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka kwe-nosocomial, okuyizifo ezitholakala ezikhungweni zezempilo. Imishini yesimanje yokuhlanza inzalo efana nama-autoclave iqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izinsimbi zezokwelapha azinamagciwane ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa. Lokhu kubalulekile ekubelethweni, ikakhulukazi ezinqubweni zokuhlasela ezifana ne-episiotomies noma ukusetshenziswa kwamadivayisi okusiza ekulethweni (i-vacuum extractors kanye ne-forceps).
Ngokusebenzisa amathuluzi okubulala inzalo, ingozi yokutheleleka ngemva kokubeletha ingancishiswa, okwandisa ukuphepha kanye nenhlalakahle yomama nezingane.
Isiphetho
Amadivayisi ezokwelapha ashintshe indlela yokubelethisa, okwenza abasebenzi bezokwelapha bakwazi ukunikeza ukunakekelwa okusebenzayo, okuphephile, nokukhululekile komama nezinsana. Kusukela kuma-ultrasound kuya kumadivayisi okuvuselela izingane ezisanda kuzalwa, ubuchwepheshe buye baba usizo olubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ikhwalithi nemiphumela yezempilo yokunakekelwa kokubeletha. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa ngempumelelo kwala madivayisi kuncike kakhulu kubuchwepheshe kanye nolwazi lwabasebenzi bezokwelapha. Ngakho-ke, ukuqeqeshwa okwanele kanye nemfundo yababelethisi kanye nabanye abasebenzi bezokwelapha kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusetshenziswa okufanele nokufanelekile kwala madivayisi.
