I-GEOLOGY

Ukuzinza Emikhubeni Yezimayini Ukumba sekuyisikhathi eside kuyimbangela ebalulekile yezomnotho emazweni amaningi, okuhlanganisa ne-Indonesia. Izimpahla ezifana namalahle, i-nickel, ithusi, igolide, i-bauxite, ne-tin zidlala indima ebalulekile emaketangeni omhlaba wonke kanye nokuhlinzekwa kwezimboni. Kodwa-ke, naphezu kwale minikelo, imisebenzi yokumba nayo iletha imiphumela ebalulekile kwezemvelo nakwezenhlalo: izinguquko zesimo sendawo, izingcindezi zemvelo, kanye nokuwohloka kwemvelo.

Iyini i-turbidity current ku-sedimentology? Ku-sedimentology, enye yezinqubo ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuqonda ukwakheka kwe-sediment ezindaweni ezijulile zolwandle i-turbidity current. Lokhu kugeleza, okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "ukugeleza kwe-sediment mass," kwehlela phansi emthambekeni ongaphansi kwamanzi oqhutshwa amandla adonsela phansi. Nakuba kwenzeka ngaphansi kobuso bamanzi, inqubo inga... Funda kabanzi

Indlela Amaphethini Kamagnethi Aqopha Ngayo Ipuleti Elishintshayo Cabanga phansi kolwandle njenge "ngobo yomlando" enkulu egcina imikhondo yesikhathi. Hhayi ngendlela ebhaliwe, kodwa ngamaphethini kamagnethi afakwe emadwaleni. Lawa maphethini—imigqa kamagnethi elinganayo phansi kolwandle—abe ngobunye bobufakazi obuqine kakhulu bokuthi amapuleti e-tectonic ayahamba ngempela. Ngale marekhodi kamagnethi, ososayensi bangakwazi… Funda kabanzi

Izindlela ZikaMagnetic Ekuhloleni Kwezwe: Indlela kazibuthe ingenye yezindlela ze-geophysical ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhloleni kwezwe, kokubili ekudwebeni kwemephu engaphansi komhlaba, ekuhlolweni kwemithombo yamaminerali, kanye nasezifundweni ze-tectonic. Isimiso sayo esiyisisekelo sisebenzisa ukuhlukahluka ensimini kazibuthe yoMhlaba, okuthonywa ukuba khona kwamatshe kazibuthe ngaphansi komhlaba. Ngenxa yokuthi izilinganiso zishesha kakhulu, izindleko zokusebenza ziphansi... Funda kabanzi

Indlela Ama-Seismograph Asebenza Ngayo Ekutholeni Ukuzamazama Komhlaba Ukuzamazama komhlaba kungenye yezinto zemvelo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi kubeka engcupheni enkulu empilweni yabantu. Ukuzamazama okubangelwa ukushintsha kwamapuleti e-tectonic, umsebenzi wentaba-mlilo, ukudilika komhlaba, ngisho nokuqhuma okwenziwe ngumuntu kungahamba amabanga amade ongqimbeni loMhlaba futhi kuthinte ubuso. Ukuqonda ukuthi ukuzamazama komhlaba kwenzeka nini futhi kuphi… Funda kabanzi

Izinzuzo Zamatshe Ayigugu Ocwaningweni Lwezemvelo Amatshe ayigugu avame ukubhekwa njengezinto ezinobuhle kanye nenani lezomnotho ezisetshenziselwa ubucwebe. Kodwa-ke, ngale kokukhanya nobuhle bawo, amatshe ayigugu aphethe ulwazi olubalulekile lwesayensi. Ocwaningweni lwezemvelo, amatshe ayigugu angasebenza njengezindawo "zokugcina umlando" zemvelo eziqopha izinqubo zokwakheka koMhlaba, izimo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali ekujuleni, kanye... Funda kabanzi

Ukusetshenziswa Kwedwala Elishintshayo Embonini Idwala elishintshayo liwuhlobo lwedwala elakhiwe ngokuguqulwa kwamadwala akhona kakade (igneous, sedimentary, noma ayeseshintshe kakhulu) ngenxa yemiphumela yokushisa okuphezulu, ingcindezi enamandla, kanye nomsebenzi wamakhemikhali oketshezi ngaphakathi koqweqwe loMhlaba. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi i-metamorphism. Lezi zinguquko azihlali zibangela ukuba idwala lincibilike, kodwa zanele ukushintsha isakhiwo samaminerali, ukuthungwa, kanye... Funda kabanzi

Izici Ezithinta Ukusatshalaliswa Kwamaminerali Ukusatshalaliswa kwamaminerali ebusweni bomhlaba nangaphansi kobuso akuyona into engahleliwe. Amaphethini okuvela kwamaminerali—kungakhathaliseki ukuthi anjengezinhlayiya ezincane ezihlakazekile, imithambo, amalensi ensimbi, noma imizimba emikhulu yamadwala—athonywa uchungechunge lwezinqubo zejiyoloji zesikhathi eside. Ukuqonda izici ezithonya ukusatshalaliswa kwamaminerali kubalulekile, hhayi nje ngezinjongo zesayensi… Funda kabanzi

Ukubaluleka Kokuqapha Umsebenzi Wezintaba-mlilo I-Indonesia yaziwa njengenye yamazwe anenani elikhulu kakhulu lezintaba-mlilo emhlabeni. Indawo yayo lapho kuhlangana khona amapuleti amakhulu e-tectonic—i-Eurasian, i-Indo-Australian, iPacific, kanye nePhilippine—yakha iPacific Ring of Fire esebenzayo. Lesi simo sinezinhlangothi ezimbili: ngakolunye uhlangothi, izintaba-mlilo zinikeza inhlabathi evundile, imithombo yamanzi, amandla okushisa komhlaba, kanye… Funda kabanzi

Inqubo Yokwakheka Kwe-Placer Deposits Ama-Placer deposits uhlobo lwe-mineral deposit olwakhiwe ngokuqongelela kwezinto ezibalulekile ngenxa yamandla angaphandle njengokuguquka kwesimo sezulu, ukuguguleka komhlabathi, ukuthuthwa, kanye nokufakwa kwamanzi noma umoya. Lawa ma-deposit avame ukuhloswe ekumbiweni ngoba angaqukatha amaminerali anenani eliphezulu njengegolide, i-cassiterite (i-tin ore), i-zircon, i-rutile, i-ilmenite, i-monazite, … Funda kabanzi