Ukuhlukaniswa Kwamadwala Ngokusekelwe Ekubumbeni
Ku-geology, amatshe angenye yezinto eziyisisekelo ezakha ungqimba loMhlaba. Amatshe akhiwa ngeqoqo lamaminerali ahlukahlukene adlula ezinqubweni ezithile ze-geological. Kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuhlukanisa amatshe, enye yazo iwukuthungwa. Ukuthungwa kwamatshe kubhekisela kusayizi, ukuma, kanye nokuhleleka kwezinhlayiya zamaminerali ezikuwo. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kubalulekile ngoba kusiza izazi ze-geology ukuhlonza nokuqonda umlando kanye nezinqubo zokwakheka kwamatshe. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukuhlukaniswa kwamatshe ngokujulile ngokusekelwe ekuthungweni.
Izinhlobo Zokwakheka Kwedwala
1. Ukuthungwa kwe-Phaneritic
Ukuthungwa kwe-Phaneritic kuwukuthungwa lapho amakristalu amaminerali edwaleni makhulu ngokwanele ukuba abonakale ngeso lenyama. Lawa matshe avame ukuphola kancane kancane ngaphansi kobuso boMhlaba, okuvumela amakristalu isikhathi esanele sokukhula. Izibonelo zamatshe anokuthungwa kwe-phaneritic yi-granite ne-diorite. I-granite, isibonelo, iyidwala eliyi-igneous elinezinhlamvu ezinkulu, ezibonakala ngokucacile, okubonisa isikhathi eside sokukristala.
2. Ukuthungwa kwe-Aphanitic
Lokhu kuthungwa kubonakala ngama-mineral grains amancane kangangokuthi amakristalu amaningi awabonakali ngeso lenyama. Amatshe anokuthungwa okufana ne-aphanitic avame ukwakheka kusuka ku-lava ephola ngokushesha ebusweni boMhlaba noma eduze kwawo. Ngenxa yokupholisa okusheshayo, amakristalu awabi nesikhathi esanele sokukhula abe makhulu. Izibonelo zamatshe analokuthungwa yi-basalt ne-rhyolite, avame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezinezintaba-mlilo.
3. Ukuthungwa Okufana Nengilazi
Ukuthungwa okunjengengilazi kwakheka lapho i-lava iphola ngokushesha kangangokuthi amaminerali awabi nesikhathi sokwenza amakristalu. Umphumela uba ukuthungwa okubushelelezi, okuqhekeka, okufana nengilazi. Isibonelo esivame kakhulu sedwala elinokwakheka okunjengengilazi yi-obsidian, elinokubukeka okukhazimulayo kanye nokuthungwa okungajwayelekile, okuqhekekile.
4. Ukuthungwa Kwemithambo Yesivikelo
Ukuthungwa kwe-vesicular kubonakala ngokuba khona kwemigodi eminingi, noma ama-vesicle, ngaphakathi kwedwala. La ma-vesicle akheka ngenxa yamagesi abanjwe ngaphakathi kwe-lava njengoba iphola futhi iqina. I-Pumice ne-scoria ziyizibonelo zamatshe ane-vesicular texture. I-Pumice ivame ukusetshenziswa embonini yezimonyo ukuze kususwe isikhumba ngenxa yobulukhuni bayo obuhlukile, kuyilapho i-scoria ivame ukusetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwemigwaqo kanye nanjengezinto zokuhlunga amanzi.
5. Ukuthungwa kwe-Porphyritic
Ukuthungwa kwe-porphyritic kuyinhlanganisela yokuthungwa kwe-phaneritic kanye ne-aphanitic. Kwenzeka lapho idwala lidlula ezigabeni ezimbili ezihlukene zokupholisa. Esigabeni sokuqala, amakristalu amakhulu (ama-phenocrysts) akheka ku-magma epholisa kancane kancane ekujuleni. Bese, i-magma iya phezulu bese iphola ngokushesha, ikhiqize ukuthungwa kwe-aphanitic okuzungeze la makristalu amakhulu. I-andesite ye-porphyritic kanye ne-granite kuyizibonelo zamatshe abonisa ukuthungwa kwe-porphyritic.
Ithonya Lemvelo Ekubunjweni
Uhlobo ngalunye lokuthungwa lubonisa indawo kanye nezimo zokupholisa ze-magma noma i-lava. Isibonelo, ukuthungwa kwe-phaneritic kubonisa ukupholisa okuhamba kancane ngaphansi kobuso boMhlaba, kuyilapho ukuthungwa kwe-aphanitic kubonisa ukupholisa okusheshayo ebusweni noma eduze kwabo. Ukuthungwa kwengilazi kanye ne-vesicular kuvame ukutholakala ezindaweni zezintaba-mlilo, lapho i-lava ingaphola ngokushesha kakhulu noma igwebu ngenxa yamagesi avalelekile.
Izicelo kuCwaningo Lwezemvelo
Ukuhlonza ukuthungwa kwedwala akubalulekile nje kuphela ekuhlukaniseni kodwa futhi kuyasiza ocwaningweni olubanzi lwe-geological. Ukuthungwa kunganikeza izinkomba mayelana nomlando we-geological wendawo ethile, njengokuthi indawo ike yaba ne-volcanic noma ukuthi amatshe akheke isikhathi esingakanani. Ngokuqonda ukuthungwa kwedwala, izazi ze-geology zingalinganisa ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa kanye nengcindezi ngesikhathi idwala lakhiwa.
Imiphumela Yezomnotho Nezimboni
Ukuthungwa kwedwala nakho kunemiphumela ebalulekile embonini nakwezomnotho. Isibonelo, amatshe anokuthungwa kwe-phaneritic angaqukatha ama-ore amaminerali ayigugu, njengezinsimbi eziyigugu ku-granite. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amatshe anokuthungwa kwe-vesicular, njenge-scoria, asetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakheni nasezolimo. I-Obsidian, enokuthungwa kwayo okunjengengilazi, yayivame ukusetshenziswa njengezinto zokusetshenziswa zokwenza amathuluzi nezikhali ezikhathini zasendulo.
I-Penutup
Ukuhlukanisa amatshe ngokwesakhiwo kunikeza ukuqonda okujulile ngezinqubo ze-geological ezenzeke eminyakeni eyizigidi. Ngokuqaphela nokuqonda izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-rock textures, asikwazi nje kuphela ukubona amatshe kangcono kodwa futhi sithole ukuqonda okubanzi ngomlando we-geological woMhlaba. Ikhono lokubona nokuqonda i-rock textures liphinde lisize izazi ze-geology kanye nososayensi be-geoscientists ocwaningweni, ekuhloleni izinsiza zemvelo, kanye nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene zezimboni.
Ngakho-ke, akunakuphikwa ukuthi ukuhlukanisa amatshe ngokwesakhiwo, nakuba kubonakala kungabalulekile, kudlala indima ebalulekile kwisayensi yomhlaba. Lolu lwazi lusisiza ukuqonda kangcono iplanethi esihlala kuyo futhi sihlole futhi sisebenzise imithombo yemvelo ngokuhlakanipha nangokuqhubekayo.
