Umnotho Wezabasebenzi: Insika Yentuthuko Engenakuguqulwa
I-Pendahuluan
Umnotho wezinsizakusebenza zabantu (HRM) ungenye yezici ezibaluleke kakhulu ezifundweni zezomnotho zanamuhla. Izinsizakusebenza zabantu azihlanganisi nje kuphela abasebenzi abakhona ezweni kodwa futhi namakhono, imfundo, kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila okunquma umkhiqizo wesizwe kanye nentuthuko yezomnotho. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola umqondo wezomnotho wezinsizakusebenza zabantu, indima yawo ebalulekile, kanye nezinselele kanye nezinqubomgomo ezidinga ukusetshenziswa ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla ezinsizakusebenza zabantu.
Imiqondo Eyisisekelo Yomnotho Wezabasebenzi
Umnotho wezisebenzi ugxile ekuhlaziyeni indlela abasebenzi—njengesici sokukhiqiza emnothweni—abaphathwa futhi bathuthukiswa ngayo ukuze kufezwe ukusebenza kahle okukhulu kanye nokukhiqiza. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izici ezahlukene ezifana nemfundo, ukuqeqeshwa, impilo, kanye nokubekwa kwemisebenzi. Izisebenzi ezisezingeni eliphezulu azigcini nje ngokufaka isandla ekukhuleni komkhiqizo wezomnotho kodwa futhi nasekusunguleni izinto ezintsha kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo nezinguquko zobuchwepheshe kanye nezimakethe zomhlaba wonke.
Isazi sezomnotho esidumile uGary Becker sithi ukutshala imali emfundweni nasekuqeqeshweni kuyindlela yokutshala imali ekwakhiweni kwabantu . UBecker ugomela ngokuthi ikwakhi labantu ingenye yezimpahla ezibaluleke kakhulu ekunqumeni impumelelo yezomnotho yesikhathi eside . Lo mcebo wabantu uhlanganisa amakhono, ulwazi, namakhono atholakala ngemfundo ehlelekile, ukuqeqeshwa emsebenzini, kanye nolwazi lomsebenzi.
Indima Yezinsizakusebenza Zabasebenzi Ekuthuthukisweni Komnotho
1. Ukwanda Kokukhiqiza:
Izisebenzi ezisezingeni eliphezulu zinamakhono nolwazi oludingekayo ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza kahle kanye nokukhiqiza endaweni yokusebenza. Lokhu kukhiqiza okwandisiwe kunegalelo ukukhula komnotho Isibonelo, abasebenzi abaqeqeshwe ekusebenziseni ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bazokwazi ukwandisa umkhiqizo ngesikhathi esifushane nangezindleko eziphansi.
2. Ukusungula Izinto Ezintsha Nokusungula Izinto Ezintsha:
Izinsizakusebenza zabantu abafundile nabanekhono ziyisihluthulelo sokusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nobuciko. Ukusungula izinto ezintsha kuyindlela ebalulekile yokuncintisana emakethe yomhlaba wonke. Izinkampani eziningi zobuchwepheshe ezihamba phambili, njenge-Google kanye ne-Apple, zithembele kakhulu kuzinsizakusebenza zabantu abanamakhono ukuthuthukisa imikhiqizo nezinsizakalo ezintsha ezintsha.
3. Ukuzivumelanisa Noshintsho:
Enkathini yokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke okusheshayo kanye nokuguquguquka kwedijithali, ikhono lokuzivumelanisa noshintsho libalulekile. Izinsizakusebenza eziguquguqukayo ezinamakhono aguquguqukayo ziyakwazi ukusinda nokuchuma endaweni eshintsha njalo. Amazwe anabasebenzi abavumelana nezimo anamathuba amaningi okubona ukukhula komnotho. ukukhula komnotho okuzinzile kanye esimeme.
Izinselele Ekuthuthukisweni Kwezinsizakusebenza Zabantu
Nakuba indima yabasebenzi ekuthuthukisweni komnotho ibalulekile, amazwe amaningi abhekene nezinselele ezahlukene ekuthuthukiseni nasekuphatheni abasebenzi abasezingeni eliphezulu.
1. Imfundo Namakhono:
Ikhwalithi yemfundo kwabaningi izwe elisathuthuka kusekude kakhulu nezinga elilindelekile. Ukuntuleka kokufinyelela emfundweni esezingeni eliphezulu kanye nokuntuleka kwezinhlelo zokuqeqesha ezifanele izidingo zemakethe yemisebenzi kuyizithiyo ezinkulu. Abaningi abaphothule imfundo ehlelekile abanawo amakhono adingekayo embonini.
2. Impilo Nokudla Okunomsoco:
Impilo engeyinhle kanye nokuntuleka kokudla okwanele kuthinta kakhulu umkhiqizo wabasebenzi. Ukugula kanye nempilo engeyinhle kunganciphisa amakhono omzimba nawengqondo abasebenzi, kunciphise kakhulu umkhiqizo wabo.
3. Ukuntuleka Kwemisebenzi Nokungasebenzi Kahle:
Amazinga aphezulu okungasebenzi kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kuyizinkinga ezinkulu emazweni amaningi. Ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi akugcini nje ngokulahlekelwa umkhiqizo kodwa futhi kubeka umthwalo emphakathini. kanye nomnotho esindayo.
Inqubomgomo Yokuthuthukiswa Kwezinsiza Zabantu
Ukuze kuxazululwe lezi zinselele, uhulumeni kanye nomkhakha ozimele kudingeka basebenzisane ukwakha nokusebenzisa izinqubomgomo ezisebenzayo.
1. Ukutshalwa Kwezimali Emfundweni:
Uhulumeni kumele andise ukutshalwa kwezimali emfundweni kuwo wonke amazinga, kusukela emfundweni yamabanga aphansi kuya kwephakeme. Izinguquko zekharikhulamu ezigxile ekuthuthukiseni amakhono asebenzayo afanele izidingo zemakethe yemisebenzi ziyadingeka ngokushesha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhulumeni kumele akhuthaze amakhono omsebenzi asebenzayo kanye nezinhlelo zokuqeqesha umsebenzi.
2. Ukunakekelwa Kwempilo Nokudla Okunomsoco:
Ukutshalwa kwezimali ekunakekelweni kwezempilo kanye nezinhlelo zokudla okunempilo kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni abasebenzi abanempilo nabakhiqizayo. Izinhlelo zezempilo zomphakathi ezifinyelela kuzo zonke izigaba zomphakathi futhi zandise ukufinyelela kwezinsizakalo zezempilo ezingabizi kumele zibe yinto eza kuqala.
3. Isikhuthazo Socwaningo Nokusungula Izinto Ezintsha:
Uhulumeni kanye nomkhakha ozimele kumele babambisane ukukhuthaza ucwaningo kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha. Lokhu kungenziwa ngezikhuthazo zentela zezinkampani ezitshala imali ku-R&D, kanye nokusekelwa ngezimali kwamabhizinisi asafufusa kanye namabhizinisi amancane naphakathi agxile kubuchwepheshe kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha.
4. Ukuthuthukisa Ikhwalithi Yomsebenzi:
Izinqubomgomo zokuqashwa kumele zigxile ekudaleni imisebenzi eyanele nekhwalithi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa nokuthuthukisa imikhakha yezomnotho enamandla amakhulu okudala imisebenzi, njengobuchwepheshe, ukukhiqiza, kanye nezinsizakalo.
5. Ukuqinisa Izikhungo Zabasebenzi:
Izikhungo zokuqasha abantu kudingeka ziqiniswe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zingasiza abasebenzi ekutholeni imisebenzi ehambisana namakhono abo futhi zinikeze ukuqeqeshwa okudingekayo ukuze bathole amakhono amasha.
Isiphetho
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinsizakusebenza zabantu kuyimbangela yokukhula komnotho okusimeme kanye nentuthuko. Izinsizakusebenza zabantu abafanelekayo, abanamakhono, nabanempilo ziyimpahla eyigugu kunoma yisiphi isizwe. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi ohulumeni kanye nomkhakha ozimele batshale imali emfundweni, ezempilo kanye nasekuqeqeshweni kwemisebenzi ukuze bandise amandla ezinsizakusebenza zabantu.
Enkathini yokushintshashintsha okusheshayo komhlaba wonke, ikhono lezwe lokuzivumelanisa nezimo nokusungula izinto ezintsha lincike kakhulu ekhwalithini yabasebenzi balo. Ngezinqubomgomo ezifanele kanye nokubambisana okuphumelelayo, singabhekana nezinselele zesikhathi esizayo futhi siqinisekise ukuthi abasebenzi bethu bayisisekelo esiyinhloko ekufinyeleleni intuthuko yezomnotho esimeme kanye nenhlalakahle yomphakathi.
