Ukungalingani Kwesifunda Ekuthuthukisweni Komnotho
Ukungalingani kwezifunda ekuthuthukisweni komnotho kuyinkinga evelele emazweni amaningi asathuthuka, okuhlanganisa ne-Indonesia. Leli gama libhekisela ekwehlukeni kwezinga lentuthuko yezomnotho, ikhwalithi yengqalasizinda, amathuba emisebenzi, kanye nenhlalakahle yomphakathi phakathi kwezifunda. Ngenkathi ezinye izifunda zikhula ngokushesha ngezimboni ezithuthukile, ukufinyelela okuhle kwezinsizakalo zomphakathi, kanye nemali engenayo ephezulu, ezinye zisala ngemuva ngezindawo ezilinganiselwe, ukutshalwa kwezimali okuncane, kanye namazinga aphezulu obumpofu. Lokhu kungalingani akuyona nje inkinga yezibalo kodwa kunomthelela oqondile empilweni yabantu yansuku zonke, ukuzinza komphakathi, kanye nokusimama kwentuthuko kazwelonke.
Esinye sezimbangela eziyinhloko zokungalingani kwesifunda umehluko emandleni ezinsizakusebenza kanye nendawo yazo. Izifunda ezitholakala ezikhungweni zokuhweba, eduze kwamachweba amakhulu, noma ezindaweni zokuthutha zivame ukuthuthuka kalula. Ngokuphambene nalokho, izifunda ezikude, okunzima ukuzifinyelela, noma lezo ezinezimo zezwe ezimbi kakhulu njengezintaba neziqhingi ezincane, zibhekene nezindleko eziphezulu zokuthutha. Izindleko eziphezulu zokuthutha zenza izidingo eziyisisekelo zibize kakhulu futhi zenze kube nzima ngamabhizinisi endawo ukuncintisana. Ngenxa yalokho, umsebenzi wezomnotho uyaphazamiseka, amathuba emisebenzi alinganiselwe, futhi imali engenayo iyaphazamiseka ngenxa yokwenyuka okukhulu.
Ukungalingani nakho kuthonywa ukuqoqwa kokutshalwa kwezimali kanye nemisebenzi yezimboni. Abatshalizimali ngokuvamile bakhetha izindawo ezinengqalasizinda eyanele, ukutholakala kukagesi namanzi, ukuxhumana kwe-inthanethi okuzinzile, kanye nokusondelana nezimakethe zabathengi. Izifunda ezithuthukile ziya ngokuya zikhanga ukutshalwa kwezimali okusha, okuholela ekuqoqweni okukhulu kokukhula komnotho. Lesi simo saziwa ngokuthi "umphumela we-agglomeration," lapho izinkampani kanye nabasebenzi abanamakhono begxile endaweni eyodwa, okwandisa umkhiqizo. Kodwa-ke, le miphumela emihle ivame ukungasabalali ngokushesha ezindaweni ezingathuthukile kangako, okwandisa igebe phakathi kwezifunda.
Ikhwalithi yezinsizakusebenza zabantu nayo idlala indima ebalulekile. Izifunda ezinokufinyelela okungcono emfundweni nasekunakekelweni kwezempilo zivame ukukhiqiza abasebenzi abanamakhono, abanempilo, nabakhiqizayo. Amazinga aphezulu emfundo akhuthaza ukusungula izinto ezintsha, ukuba ngamabhizinisi, kanye nekhono lokuzivumelanisa noshintsho kwezobuchwepheshe. Okwamanje, izifunda ezinezikhungo zemfundo ezilinganiselwe zivame ukubhekana "nobunzima bokuchitha ingqondo," noma ukufuduka kwezisebenzi ezisencane ziye emadolobheni amakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, izifunda ezivela kuzo zilahlekelwa abasebenzi abakhiqizayo futhi zilwela ukuthuthukisa umnotho wazo wendawo. Lo mjikelezo ungaqhubeka isikhathi eside ngaphandle kwezinqubomgomo eziqinisa kakhulu amandla abantu ezifundeni ezingakathuthuki.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinqubomgomo zentuthuko zesikhathi esidlule ezazigxile kakhulu endaweni eyodwa zibe negalelo ekungalinganini kwesifunda. Ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda kanye nezinsizakalo zomphakathi kwagxila ezifundeni ezithile, kanti ezinye zathola ukunakwa okuncane. Nakuba isikhathi sokusabalalisa amandla kanye nokuzimela kwesifunda sinikeze ohulumeni basekhaya ithuba lokuphatha intuthuko, amandla ezezimali kanye namandla okuphatha ayahlukahluka kuzo zonke izifunda. Izifunda ezinesisekelo esiqinile sezomnotho kanye nemali engenayo ephezulu yendawo cishe zakha imigwaqo, izikole, izibhedlela, kanye nezikhungo zomphakathi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izifunda ezinemali engenayo ephansi zithembele ekudluliselweni okuvela kuhulumeni ophakathi, okuvame ukunganeli ukufeza lokho.
Umthelela wokungalingani kwesifunda ubanzi kakhulu. Ngokomnotho, ukungalingani kunganciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwezwe ngoba izinsiza ezingaba khona ezifundeni ezingakathuthuki kahle azisetshenziswa kahle. Uma imisebenzi igxile ezifundeni ezithuthukile, ukufuduka okukhulu emadolobheni kungadala izinkinga ezintsha njengokuminyana kwabantu, ukuminyana kwezimoto, ukukhuphuka kwamanani omhlaba, izindawo ezihlwempu, kanye nokucindezela izinsizakalo zomphakathi. Ngokwezenhlalo, ukungalingani kwezenhlalakahle kungabangela umona, ingxabano eqondile, futhi kunciphise umuzwa wobulungiswa. Esimweni sezepolitiki, ukungalingani kungathinta ukwethenjwa komphakathi kuhulumeni futhi kwandise izidingo zokwandiswa kwesifunda noma izinqubomgomo zesenzo sokuqinisekisa.
Ukuze baqonde ukungalingani kwesifunda, osomnotho basebenzisa izinkomba eziningana, njenge-Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) ngomuntu ngamunye, izinga lobuphofu, ukungasebenzi, i-Human Development Index (HDI), kanye ne-Gini index phakathi kwezifunda. Uma i-GRDP ngomuntu ngamunye wesifundazwe esisodwa iphakeme kakhulu kuneyesinye, kubonisa umehluko ekukhiqizeni kanye nesakhiwo somnotho. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile futhi ukuhlola ikhwalithi yokukhula: ukuthi idala imisebenzi emihle, inciphisa ubuphofu, futhi ithuthukisa izinsizakalo zomphakathi. Isibonelo, isifunda esicebile ngezinsiza zemvelo singaba ne-GRDP ephezulu, kodwa abantu bendawo bahlala bempofu ngoba imisebenzi yokukhipha ayinezeli inani elibalulekile futhi inezixhumanisi ezincane nomnotho wendawo.
Ukubhekana nokungalingani kwezifunda kudinga isu elibanzi. Okokuqala, ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda eyisisekelo kumele kusheshiswe futhi kubekwe phambili ezifundeni ezingakathuthuki kahle, ikakhulukazi ezokuthutha, ugesi, amanzi ahlanzekile, kanye nokuxhumana kwedijithali. Ingqalasizinda ayigcini nje ngokusiza ukuhamba kwabantu nezimpahla kodwa futhi ivula ukufinyelela ezimakethe, emfundweni, kanye nasekunakekelweni kwezempilo. Lapho izindleko zezokuthutha zincipha, imikhiqizo yendawo iba nokuncintisana okukhulu futhi amathuba okutshalwa kwezimali ayanda. Kodwa-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda kumele kuhambisane nokuhlela indawo okunengqondo ukuvimbela umonakalo wemvelo kanye nezingxabano zomhlaba.
Okwesibili, izinqubomgomo zokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni kudingeka ziqondiswe ukuze zingagxili ezifundeni ezithile njalo. Uhulumeni angakhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezikhungo ezintsha zokukhula ngezindawo zomnotho ezikhethekile, izikhuthazo zentela, amalayisense alula, kanye nokusekelwa kwezezimali kwamabhizinisi amancane naphakathi. Okubaluleke kakhulu, ukudala ukuxhumana kwezomnotho wendawo, isibonelo, ngokwakha izintambo zokuhlinzeka ezihilela abalimi bendawo, abadobi, kanye nama-MSME. Ngale ndlela, inani elengeziwe alijatshulelwa yizinkampani ezinkulu kuphela kodwa futhi lisakazeka emphakathini wonke.
Okwesithathu, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yezinsizakusebenza zabantu kumele kube yinto eza kuqala. Ukutshalwa kwezimali emfundweni nasempilweni ezindaweni ezingakathuthuki kahle kudinga ukuqiniswa, okuhlanganisa nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yothisha, izikhungo zesikole, ukuqeqeshwa kwemisebenzi okulungiselelwe izidingo zemakethe yemisebenzi yendawo, kanye nokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zezempilo ezingabizi. Izinhlelo zezifundo kanye nezenzo zokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi ezindaweni ezikude zingasiza ekuqedeni umjikelezo wokungathuthuki kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ohulumeni basekhaya badinga ukudala indawo esekelayo ukuze abasebenzi abanamakhono babuyele ezifundeni zabo, isibonelo ngamathuba emisebenzi, izikhuthazo, noma izimiso zemvelo zokuhweba.
Okwesine, ukuqinisa ukubusa kanye namandla kahulumeni wendawo kubalulekile. Ukusabalalisa amandla kusebenza kuphela uma ohulumeni bendawo bekwazi ukuhlela, ukuhlela isabelomali, kanye nokwenza izinhlelo zentuthuko ngendlela esobala nenesibopho. Ukufakwa kwezinsizakalo zomphakathi kwidijithali, ukuguqulwa kwehhovisi likahulumeni, kanye nokuhlanganyela komphakathi ekuqapheni kungathuthukisa ikhwalithi yokusetshenziswa kwemali kwezifunda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo lokudlulisela imali lukahulumeni ophakathi kufanele luklanywe ukuze luthande izifunda ezihlwempuzekile, kucatshangelwa izidingo zangempela, indawo yomhlaba, amazinga obumpofu, kanye nezinselele zezindawo.
Ekugcineni, ukungalingani kwesifunda akukona okungenakunqotshwa, kodwa kudinga ukuzibophezela kwesikhathi eside kanye nokuxhumana kuwo wonke amazinga kahulumeni. Umgomo wentuthuko yezomnotho akufanele kube nje ukufeza ukukhula okujwayelekile kuzwelonke, kodwa kunalokho ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukukhula kuyabandakanya futhi kuyalingana. Lapho izifunda ebezilokhu zisilele emuva ngokomlando zinikezwa amathuba alinganayo okuthuthuka, izwe lizovuna izinzuzo ezimbili: ukuzinza komphakathi okuqinile, amandla ezomnotho abanzi, kanye nentuthuko eqhubekayo yazo zonke izakhamuzi. Ngamasu afanele—kusukela engqalasizinda kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali okulinganayo kuya ekuthuthukiseni ikhwalithi yezinsizakusebenza zabantu kanye nokubusa okuhle—ukungalingani kwesifunda kungancishiswa, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi intuthuko yezomnotho izizuzisa ngempela zonke izifunda.
