Metheo ea Mekhoa ea ho Sireletsa Li-brake ea Hydraulic ho Boenjiniere ba Likoloi
Sistimi ea ho thiba ke e 'ngoe ea likarolo tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa boenjiniere ba likoloi hobane e ama ka kotloloho polokeho ea mokhanni, bapalami le basebelisi ba bang ba litsela. Har'a mefuta e fapaneng ea litsamaiso tsa ho thiba tse sebelisoang likoloing tsa sejoale-joale, li-brake tsa hydraulic ke tsona tse atileng haholo likoloing tsa bapalami le likoloing tse ngata tse bobebe tsa khoebo. Li-brake tsa hydraulic li sebetsa ka ho sebelisa khatello ea mokelikeli ho fetisetsa matla ho tloha ho pedal ea brake ho ea mochineng oa ho thiba mabiling. Sengoloa sena se tšohla metheo ea litsamaiso tsa ho thiba hydraulic, melao-motheo ea tsona ea ts'ebetso, likarolo tse kholo, mefuta, le mathata a tloaelehileng a tlhokomelo le tharollo ea mathata.
1. Kutloisiso le Melao-motheo ea Motheo ea Librake tsa Hydraulic
Li-brake tsa hydraulic ke sistimi ea ho brake e sebelisang mokelikeli oa li-brake ho fetisa khatello. Ha mokhanni a hatella pedal ea brake, matla a mechini a tsoang leotong la mokhanni a fetoloa khatello ea hydraulic. Khatello ena e fetisetsoa ka liphaephe tsa li-brake le li-hoses ho ea ho caliper (ho li-brake tsa disc) kapa silindara ea lebili (ho li-brake tsa drum), moo lesela la brake le hatellang holim'a khohlano (disc kapa drum) 'me koloi e lieha kapa ea ema.
Molao-motheo oa motheo o sebelisitsoeng ke Molao oa Pascal, o bolelang hore khatello e sebelisoang mokelikeling o sebakeng se koetsoeng e fetisetsoa ka ho lekana ka mahlakoreng 'ohle. Sena se bolela hore leha matla a pele a sebelisoang ho pedal a se maholo haholo, sistimi e ka "atisa" phello ea eona ka ho sebelisa liphapang tse sebakeng se tšekaletseng sa piston. Ke ka lebaka leo li-brake tsa hydraulic li khonang ho hlahisa matla a matla le a lekanang a ho brake lebiling ka leng.
2. Likarolo tse ka Sehloohong tsa Sistimi ea Brake ea Hydraulic
E le hore tsamaiso ea brake ea hydraulic e sebetse hantle, e na le likarolo tse 'maloa tse hokahaneng:
a. Pereda ea Librake
Pendali ea brake ke ntlha ea pele ea ho kenya mokhanni. Ha e hatelloa, pedali e kenya ts'ebetsong pushrod, e hatellang piston ka har'a silindara e kholo. Likoloing tse ngata, pedali e boetse e hokahantsoe le servo ea booster/vacuum ho fokotsa matla a hlokahalang.
b. Sesebediswa sa ho Thusa ho Sebetsa ka Brake (Servo ya ho Thusa ho Sebetsa)
Sesebelisoa sa ho phahamisa li-brake se eketsa matla a pedal ka ho sebelisa vacuum e tsoang ho intake manifold (lienjeneng tsa peterole) kapa pompo ea vacuum (hangata lienjeneng tsa disele). Ka sesebelisoa sa ho phahamisa li-brake, mokhanni ha a hloke ho hatella pedal ka thata ho fihlela ho brake ka katleho.
c. Silindara e Kholo
Silindara e kholo ke pelo ea sistimi ea haeteroliki. E na le piston le pokello ea mokelikeli oa brake. Ha pedal e tebile, piston e hatella mokelikeli, e leng se hlahisang khatello ea haeteroliki. Likoloi tsa sejoale-joale hangata li sebelisa silindara e kholo ea tandem (lipotoloho tse peli), kahoo haeba potoloho e 'ngoe e lutla, e 'ngoe e ntse e ka sebetsa.
d. Letangoana la Brake Fluid
Tanka e boloka mokelikeli oa li-brake 'me e fana ka sebaka sa polokelo ho boloka sistimi e tlatsitsoe. Ho boloka boemo ba mokelikeli ho bohlokoa, kaha ho theoha ha boemo ho ka bontša ho senyeha ha brake pad kapa ho lutla ha sistimi.
e. Liphaephe tsa Brake le Liphaephe
Liphaephe tsa brake (hangata tšepe) le liphaephe tsa brake (rabara e tenyetsehang) li fetisetsa khatello ho tloha silindareng e kholo ho ea mabiling. Liphaephe tse tenyetsehang lia hlokahala sebakeng sa lebili ka lebaka la ho emisoa le metsamao ea ho khanna.
f. Valve ea ho Arolelana le Kabo ea Khatello
Likoloi tse ling li na le valve e laolang kabo ea khatello lipakeng tsa mabili a ka pele le a ka morao. Sena se bohlokoa hobane ha ho thijoa brake, boima ba koloi bo fetela ka pele, e leng se hlokang matla a maholo a brake ho tsoa mabiling a ka pele. Valve ena e thusa ho thibela mabili a ka morao ho koaleha pele ho nako.
g. Li-caliper le Li-cylinder tsa Mabili
– Caliper (brake ea disc): caliper e na le piston e hatellang li-brake pad khahlanong le disc.
– Silindara ya lebili (brake ya moropa): piston e sutumelletsa seeta sa brake leboteng la moropa.
h. Li-Brake Pads le Libaka tsa ho Qhoebeshana
Li-brake pad (li-pad tse holim'a li-disc, linings tse holim'a meropa) ke likarolo tsa khohlano tse fetolang matla a kinetic a koloi hore e be mocheso ka khohlano. Bokaholimo ba khohlano ke rotor ea disc kapa moropa.
3. Kamoo Li-brake tsa Hydraulic li Sebetsang Kateng ka Mantsoe a Bonolo
Tatellano ea ts'ebetso ea li-brake tsa hydraulic e ka hlalosoa ka tsela e latelang:
1. Mokhanni o tobetsa pedale ya brake.
2. Sesebediswa se thusang ho eketsa matla a ho hatella (haeba a le teng).
3. Pushrod e sutumelletsa piston ya silindara e kgolo.
4. Mokelikeli oa brake o tlas'a khatello 'me o hlahisa khatello ea haeteroliki.
5. Khatello e phalla ka phaephe/hose ho ea ho caliper kapa silindara ea lebili.
6. Piston e ka har'a silindara ea caliper/wheel e tsamaea, e hatella lesela la brake khahlanong le disc/drum.
7. Ho hlaha khohlano e fokotsang lebelo la lebili.
8. Ha pedal e lokollwa, kgatello ya seporing le ya morao e kgutlisa piston, seeta se tsamaya hanyane hole le bokahodimo ba kgohlano, mme lebili le potoloha ka bolokolohi hape.
4. Mefuta ea Mekhoa ea Li-brake tsa Hydraulic Likoloing
a. Librake tsa Disc
Li-brake tsa disc li sebelisoa hangata mabiling a ka pele 'me li ntse li ata haholo mabiling a ka morao. Melemo ea tsona:
– Ho phodisa ho betere (ho hanela ho fela ha metsi).
– Ho brakeha ho tsitsitseng maemong a metsi.
– Tlhokomelo e bonolo haholo.
Leha ho le jwalo, di-disc brake di ka bitsa tjhelete e ngata mme meralo e meng e hloka dikarolo tse ding bakeng sa brake ya ho paka haeba e sebediswa mabiling a ka morao.
b. Brake ea Meropa
Li-brake tsa meropa li ntse li sebelisoa haholo mabiling a ka morao a likoloi tse theko e tlaase kapa likoloi tse itseng tsa khoebo. Melemo ea tsona e kenyelletsa:
– Litšenyehelo tse tlase tsa tlhahiso.
– Tšoaro e ntle bakeng sa brake ea ho paka.
– Dikarolo di kwaletswe haholo lerōleng/metsing (le hoja di kgona ho mamella mocheso).
Bothata: ho phodisa hampe le ho senyeha ha brake haholo nakong ea ho brake e boima nako e telele.
c. Sistimi ea Potoloho e 'Meli
Mekhoeng ea sejoale-joale, ho na le lipotoloho tse peli tse arohaneng tsa hydraulic. Sebopeho sa tsona e ka ba:
– Ka pele-ka morao, kapa
– Tšela (diagonal) bakeng sa botsitso haeba e 'ngoe ea lipotoloho e ka hloleha.
Morero o ka sehloohong oa potoloho e habeli ke polokeho: haeba ho lutla ho hlaha moleng o mong, mola o mong o ntse o ka emisa koloi leha matla a ho brake a fokotsehile.
5. Karolo ea Brake Fluid
Mokelikeli oa brake o lokela ho ba le litšobotsi tse ikhethang:
– Sebaka se phahameng sa ho bela e le hore se se ke sa fetoha mouoane habonolo ha se chesa.
– Ha e hatelletsoe habonolo e le hore karabelo ea pedal e lule e tiile.
– E na le thepa ea ho tlotsa le ho thibela ho bola bakeng sa likarolo tsa kahare.
Bongata ba maro a brake ke a hygroscopic (a monya metsi moeeng). Ka lebaka leo, metsi a eketseha ha nako e ntse e ea 'me a theola ntlha ea ho belisa, e leng se eketsang kotsi ea ho koaleha ha mouoane (lipululana tsa mouoane) tse bakang ho ikutloa ha pedal le tahlehelo ea matla a brake. Ka hona, maro a brake a lokela ho fetoloa nako le nako ho latela likhothaletso tsa moetsi.
6. Mathata a Tloaelehileng ka Librake tsa Hydraulic
Mona ke mathata a mang a atisang ho hlaha le matšoao a ona:
1. Ho dutla ha mokelikeli oa brake
Matšoao: ho theoha ha boemo ba tanka, pedal ea brake e ikutloa e le bonolo, ho na le mesaletsa ea mokelikeli mabiling kapa ka tlas'a koloi.
2. Moea o kena tsamaisong (moea)
Matšoao: Pente e ikutloa e le spongebob 'me e hloka ho pompa ho netefatsa hore e thiba hantle. Tharollo: ho tsoa mali.
3. Ho fifala ha brake (tshebetso ya brake e a fokotseha ha e chesa)
Matšoao: Librake li lahleheloa ke ho tšoarella ka mor'a ho brake khafetsa/ho theoha leralleng nako e telele. Mabaka: ho chesa haholo, mokelikeli oa brake o belang, li-brake pad tse chesang haholo.
4. Silindara e senyehileng kapa tiiso e senyehileng
Matšoao: pedal e theoha butle ha e hatelloa, leha ho se na ho dutla ha kantle.
5. Caliper e khomaretse kapa silindara ea lebili ea lutla.
Matšoao: koloi e hula ka lehlakoreng le leng ha ho thiba brake, li-brake pad li fela kapele, mabili a chesang, kapa li-brake tse hulang.
7. Tlhokomelo ea Motheo ea Sistimi ea Librake ea Hydraulic
Boenjiniere ba likoloi, tlhokomelo ea li-brake tsa hydraulic e tlameha ho etsoa nako le nako le ka mokhoa o hlophisehileng:
– Hlahloba boemo le boemo ba mokelikeli oa brake: 'mala o lefifi haholo o ka bontša tšilafalo.
– Fetola mokelikeli oa brake ka nako e loketseng: hangata lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse 1-2, ho latela litlhaloso.
– Hlahloba botenya ba di-pad tsa brake le boemo ba diski/moropa: di-pad tse tshesane tsa brake di fokotsa tshebetso mme di senya rotor/moropa.
– Hlahloba ho dutla ha diphaephe, diphaephe le dikgokelo: haholoholo dibakeng tsa lebili le silindara e kgolo.
– Ho tsoa mali ka mor'a tšebeletso: haeba ho na le ho qhaqhoa kapa ho kena ha moea.
– Teko ea tsela le teko ea ho brake: etsa bonnete ba hore ha ho na ho thothomela, lerata, kapa ho hula ka lehlakoreng le leng.
Qetello
Mekhoa ea ho brake ea hydraulic ke theknoloji ea bohlokoa likoloing tsa sejoale-joale, e itšetlehileng ka khatello ea mokelikeli ho fetisa matla a ho brake ka katleho le ka ho lekana. Ka ho utloisisa melao-motheo ea Molao oa Pascal, mosebetsi oa likarolo tse kang li-cylinder tse kholo, li-booster, li-brake liner, li-caliper/li-wheel cylinders, le bohlokoa ba mokelikeli oa brake, baithuti ba boenjiniere ba likoloi le litsebi ba ka sekaseka ts'ebetso ea sistimi, ba etsa tlhokomelo, le ho fumana mathata ka nepo haholoanyane. Tlhokomelo ea kamehla—haholo-holo ho hlahloba ho lutla ha metsi, boemo ba pad, le ho nkeloa sebaka ha mokelikeli oa brake—ke senotlolo sa ho boloka sistimi ea brake ea hydraulic e bolokehileng, e arabelang, le e tšepahalang tlas'a maemo a fapaneng a ho khanna.
