Karabelo ea Endothermic ke eng?
Likarabelo tsa endothermic ke mohopolo oa bohlokoa k'hemistring o hlahang khafetsa lithutong tsa mahlale, ho tloha sekolong sa mathomo ho isa kolecheng. Ha re bua ka bokhutšoanyane, karabelo ea endothermic ke karabelo ea lik'hemik'hale e monyang matla a mocheso (likhalori) tikolohong. Ka lebaka leo, tikoloho e potileng karabelo hangata e ikutloa e pholile. Le hoja e ka utloahala e le bonolo, ts'ebetso e ka morao ho karabelo ea endothermic e kenyelletsa liphetoho tsa matla boemong ba likaroloana 'me e amana haufi-ufi le likhopolo tsa enthalpy, ho tlamahana ha lik'hemik'hale le ho leka-lekana ha matla.
Ho Utloisisa Likarabelo tsa Endothermic
Polelwana "endothermic" e tswa ho mantswe "endo," a bolelang "ka hare," le "thermic," a bolelang mocheso. Ka hona, karabelo ya endothermic e ka hlaloswa e le karabelo e "kenyang" mocheso tsamaisong. Moelelong wa thermodynamics, tsamaiso ke ntho e arabelang, ha tikoloho e le ntho e nngwe le e nngwe e ka ntle ho tsamaiso (moea o e potileng, setshelo, letsoho le amang, jj.).
Karabelong ea endothermic, matla a mocheso a fetisetsoa ho tloha tikolohong ho ea tsamaisong, e leng se eketsang matla a sistimi. Ha tikoloho e lahleheloa ke mocheso, mocheso oa eona o ka theoha. Mohlala o tloaelehileng ke sephutheloana sa ho bata hang-hang se sebelisetsoang thuso ea pele haeba ho ka ba le kotsi. Ha sephutheloana se kentsoe tšebetsong, ho hlaha karabelo ea endothermic, e monyang mocheso o tsoang tikolohong, e etsang hore o ikutloe o bata.
Litšobotsi tsa Likarabelo tsa Endothermic
Ho na le litšobotsi tse 'maloa tse ka thusang ho lemoha liketso tsa endothermic:
1. Monya mocheso tikolohong
Likarabelo li hloka hore ho be le matla a mangata hore li etsahale.
2. Mocheso o potolohileng oa fokotseha
Haeba karabelo e etsoa ka setshelong se bulehileng kapa e ka utluoa, sebaka se potileng karabelo se ikutloa se pholile.
3. Phetoho ea enthalpy e ntle (ΔH > 0)
Lipapisong tsa thermochemical, liketso tsa endothermic li na le boleng bo botle ba enthalpy hobane sistimi e fumana matla.
4. Lihlahisoa li na le matla a mangata ho feta li-reactant.
Matla a monyelang a bolokoa sehlahisoa e le matla a lik'hemik'hale.
Likarabelo tsa Endothermic le Enthalpy (ΔH)
K'hemistri, liphetoho tsa mocheso khatellong e sa khaotseng hangata li tšohloa ka enthalpy (H). Phetoho ea enthalpy ea karabelo e ngotsoe tjena:
ΔH = H_sehlahisoa − H_reactant
Karabelong ea endothermic, hobane lihlahisoa li boloka matla a mangata ho feta li-reactant, joale:
H_sehlahisoa > H_reactant → ΔH e ntle
Sena se bolela hore karabelo e hloka matla a tsoang kantle ho etsa dihlahiswa. Leha ho le jwalo, ho bohlokwa ho utlwisisa hore dikarabelo tsa endothermic ha di bolele hore "di ke ke tsa etsahala." Dikarabelo tse ding tsa endothermic di ntse di ka etsahala ha feela ho na le mohlodi o lekaneng wa matla, jwalo ka mocheso, lesedi, kapa motlakase.
Ke Hobane'ng ha Likarabelo tsa Endothermic li Monya Mocheso?
Ho utloisisa lebaka, re hloka ho sheba mokhoa oa ho theha le ho roba maqhama a lik'hemik'hale. Ka kakaretso:
– Ho roba maqhama ho hloka matla (endothermic).
– Ho theha maqhama ho lokolla matla (exothermic).
Karabelong, dibonto di dula di robehile mme ho thehwa dibonto tse ntjha. Karabelo ke endothermic haeba matla a hlokahalang ho roba dibonto ka hara di-reactant a le maholo ho feta matla a lokollwang nakong ya ho thehwa ha dibonto dihlahisweng. Phapang ena ya matla e monngwa tikolohong e le mocheso.
Mehlala ea Likarabelo tsa Endothermic Bophelong ba Letsatsi le Letsatsi
Likarabelo tsa endothermic ha li etsahale feela laboratoring, empa li boetse li re potolohile. Mehlala e meng e tloaelehileng ke ena:
1. Ho iketsetsa ha limela
Photosynthesis ke mohlala o motle oa karabelo ea endothermic hobane e hloka matla a khanya ea letsatsi hore e hlahe.
6CO₂ + 6H₂O + matla (leseli) → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
Limela li monya matla a leseli ebe li a fetola matla a lik'hemik'hale a bolokiloeng ka har'a glucose.
2. Ho qhibiliha ha Ammonium Nitrate ka Metsing
Ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃) e atisa ho sebediswa dikotlong tse batang hanghang. Ha e qhibilihiswa, e monya mocheso o tswang tikolohong, e theola mocheso.
3. Ho bola ha Calcium Carbonate (CaCO₃)
Ha lejoe la mokoetla le futhumatsoa indastering ea samente kapa tlhahiso ea kalaka e potlakileng, karabelo e latelang e etsahala:
CaCO₃ (s) + mocheso → CaO₃ (s) + CO₂ (g)
Hobane e hloka ho futhumatsoa ho sa khaotseng, karabelo ena ke ea endothermic.
4. Ho Qhibiliha ha Leqhoa le ho Mouoane ha Metsi
Hase lits'ebetso tsohle tsa endothermic tse etsang hore metsi a fetohe mouoane; liphetoho tsa 'mele le tsona li ka ba endothermic. Leqhoa le qhibilihang le monya mocheso tikolohong, joalo ka metsi a fetohang mouoane. Ke ka lebaka leo mouoane oa mofufutso o pholisang 'mele: mocheso o tsoang letlalong o monngoa ho fetola metsi mouoane.
Phapang pakeng tsa Likarabelo tsa Endothermic le Exothermic
Ho hlakisa taba ena, papiso e kgutshwane ke ena:
– Endothermic: e monya mocheso, ΔH e ntle, tikoloho ea bata, matla a sehlahisoa a phahame.
– Exothermic: e ntsha mocheso, ΔH e mpe, tikoloho e a futhumala, matla a sehlahisoa a tlase.
Mehlala ea lintho tse bakang ho chesa ha lehong kapa mafura, liketso tse itseng tsa ho se sebetse hantle ha asiti, le ho hema ha sele (ho senyeha ha tsoekere ho hlahisa matla).
Setšoantšo sa Matla a Karabelo ea Endothermic
Li-diagram tsa matla, hangata liketso tsa endothermic li bontša:
– Li-reactant li maemong a tlase a eneji.
– Sehlahisoa se maemong a hodimo a eneji.
– Ho na le “leralla” la matla a ho kenya tshebetsong leo ho lokelang ho tshellwa hore karabelo e tswele pele.
Matla a ho kenya tshebetsong a a hlokahala bakeng sa dikarabelo tsa endothermic le tsa exothermic. Phapang ke hore dikarabelo tsa endothermic di hloka ho kenngwa ha matla eseng feela ho hlola matla a ho kenya tshebetsong empa hape le ho fihlella sehlahiswa sa matla a hodimo ho feta di-reactant.
Mabaka a Amang Likarabelo tsa Endothermic
Mabaka a 'maloa a ka susumetsa hore na karabelo ea endothermic e etsahala habonolo hakae:
1. Mohloli oa matla: mocheso, leseli, kapa motlakase hangata lia hlokahala hore karabelo e tsoele pele.
2. Mocheso: ho eketsa mocheso ho ka potlakisa sekhahla sa karabelo hobane dikarolwana di na le matla a mangata a kinetic.
3. Sehokelo: sehokelo se ka potlakisa karabelo ka ho fokotsa matla a ho kenya tshebetsong, leha se sa fetole boleng ba ΔH.
4. Ho tsepamisa maikutlo le kgatello: dikarabelong tse itseng, diphetoho maemong di ka ama tataiso le sekgahla sa karabelo.
Qetello
Karabelo ea endothermic ke karabelo e monyang matla a mocheso tikolohong, kahoo tikoloho e atisa ho ba pholileng. Moralong oa thermodynamics, karabelo ena e na le ΔH e ntle, ho bolelang hore lihlahisoa li boloka matla a mangata ho feta li-reactant. Mehlala ea likarabelo tsa endothermic e ka fumanoa ho photosynthesis, ho qhibiliha ha ammonium nitrate, ho bola ha calcium carbonate, le lits'ebetso tsa 'mele tse kang ho qhibiliha leqhoa le ho fetoha mouoane ha metsi.
Ho utloisisa liketso tsa endothermic ho re thusa ho bona kamoo phetiso le liphetoho tsa matla li thehoang kateng liketsahalong tse fapaneng tsa tlhaho le tsa theknoloji. Ho tloha tseleng eo limela li bolokang matla a letsatsi ka eona ho isa tseleng eo li-compress tsa hang-hang li pholisang 'mele ka eona, khopolo ea endothermics e fana ka tlhaloso e matla ea saense bakeng sa liketsahalo tseo re kopanang le tsona letsatsi le letsatsi.
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