Physics

1. Waa maxay dardargelinta cufisjiidadka dusha sare ee Dayaxa? Cufka Dayaxa = 7.35 x 10 ²² kg, gacanka Dayaxa waa 1.7 x 10 ⁶ m, joogto caalami ah waa 6.67 x 10 ^-11 N m ² / kg ²

Solution

Qaacidda sharciga labaad ee dhaqdhaqaaqa Newton :

Qaacidada sharciga cufisjiidadka guud ee Newton :

G = joogto caalami ah, M = Cufnaanta Dhulka, m = Cufnaanta Shayga, r = masaafada u dhaxaysa bartamaha Dhulka iyo shayga. Haddii shaygu uu ku yaal dusha sare ee Dhulka, r = Gacanka Dhulka

Ku beddel F ee isla'egta 1 iyo F ee isla'egta 2:

Waa maxay dardargelinta cufisjiidadka oo ka dhasha dusha sare ee Dayaxa?

[irp]

2. Dardargelinta cufisjiidadka dhulka dushiisa waa g. R (R waa dusha sare ee dhulka), dardargelinta cufisjiidadka awgeed waa…

Solution

R = Gacanka Dhulka. R oo ka sarreeya dusha sare ee Dhulka = 2R oo ka sarreeya bartamaha Dhulka.

Marka R ka sarreeyo dusha sare ee Dhulka, dardargelinta cufisjiidadka awgeed = ¼ g. Haddii g = 9.8 m/s ² , marka R ka sarreysa dusha sare ee Dhulka, dardargelinta cufisjiidadka awgeed = 2.45 m/s ².

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1. Sharciga Newton ee dhibaatooyinka cufisjiidadka guud iyo xalalka
2. Xoogga cuf-isjiidadka, dhibaatooyinka miisaanka, iyo xalalka
3. Dardargelinta dhibaatooyinka cufisjiidadka iyo xalalka
4. Dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka dayax-gacmeedka geosynchronous
5. Dhibaatooyinka sharciga Kepler iyo xalalka dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka

Akhri wax dheeraad ah

5 Culayska Cuf-jiidadka - Dhibaatooyinka iyo Xalalka

1. Waa maxay xoogga cufisjiidadka ee ku shaqeeya shay ku yaal dusha sare ee Dhulka? Cufnaanta Dhulka = 5.98 x 10 ²⁴ kg, cufnaanta shayga = 1000 kg, radius-ka Dhulku waa 6.38 x 10 ⁶ m.

La yaqaan:

Cufka Dhulka (m _E ) = 5.98 x 10 ²⁴ kg

Cufka walaxda (m _o ) = 1000 kg

Gacanka Dhulka (r _E ) = 6.38 x 10 ⁶ m

Joogtada guud (G) = 6.67 x 10 ^-11 N m ² / kg ²

Dardargelinta cufisjiidadka awgeed (g) = 9.8 m/s ²

La Doonayo: Xoogga Cufisjiidadka

Xalka:

w = miisaan, F = xoog, G = joogto caalami ah, m _E = cufnaanta Dhulka , m _o = cufnaanta shayga , r = masaafada u dhaxaysa bartamaha Dhulka iyo shayga.

Shayga wuxuu ku yaal dusha sare ee Dhulka, sidaas darteed r = gacanka Dhulka

Miisaanka Walxaha ( sharciga labaad ee dhaqdhaqaaqa Newton ):

w = mg

w = (1000 kg)(9.8 m/s ² )

w = 9800 N

[irp]

2. Waa maxay xoogga cufisjiidadka ee ku shaqeeya shay 10,000 mitir ka sarreeya dusha sare ee Dhulka? Cufnaanta Dhulka = 5.98 x 10 ²⁴ kg, cufnaanta shayga = 1000 kg, radius-ka Dhulku waa 6.38 x 10 ⁶ m.

Xalka:

3. Miisaanka dayax-gacmeedku waa w. Haddii D = dhexroorka Dhulka, go'aami miisaanka dayax-gacmeedka marka dayax-gacmeedku uu 2D ka sarreeyo dusha sare ee Dhulka.

La yaqaan:

D = Dhexroorka dhulka,

R = gacanka Dhulka

1 D = 2 R, 2 D = 4 R

Ma la rabaa: miisaanka dayax-gacmeedka oo 2D ka sarreeya dusha sare ee dhulka?

Xalka:

[irp]

4. Saamiga cufnaanta meeraha A iyo meeraha B waa 2: 3, halka saamiga gacanka meeraha A iyo meeraha B uu yahay 1: 2. Haddii miisaanka walaxda meeraha A uu yahay w, waa maxay miisaanka walaxda meeraha B.

La yaqaan:

Cufka meeraha A (m _A ) = 2

Cufka meeraha B (m _B ) = 3

Gacanka meeraha A (r _A ) = 1

Gacanka meeraha B (r _B ) = 2

Cufka walaxda = m

Miisaanka walaxda ee meeraha A = w

La Doonayo: Miisaanka walaxda ee meeraha B

Xalka:

Isle'egta xoogga miisaanka ee ka timid sharciga cufisjiidadka ee Newton:

w = miisaan, G = joogto ah oo cufisjiidadka ah, M = cufnaanta meeraha, m = cufnaanta walaxda, r = masaafada u dhaxaysa walaxda iyo meeraha. Haddii walaxda meeraha ku taal ay dul saaran tahay r = radius-ka meeraha.

Miisaanka walaxda ee meeraha A:

Miisaanka walaxda ee meeraha B:

Cufka shayga waa isku mid sidaa darteed m-ka lagu beddelayo w/2G.

[irp]

5. Gantaal culeyskiisu yahay w ayaa si toosan looga soo tuurayaa dusha sare ee Dhulka. D waa dhexroorka Dhulka. Marka gantaalku uu gaaro dhererka 0.5 D oo ka sarreeya dusha sare ee Dhulka, markaas waa maxay miisaanka gantaalka.

La yaqaan:

Miisaanka gantaalka = w

Gacanka Dhulka = masaafada u jirta bartamaha Dhulka = R

Dhexroorka Dhulka = D = 2R

La Doonayo: Miisaanka gantaalka marka gantaalku uu joogo meel sare oo ah 0.5 D oo ka sarreysa dusha sare ee Dhulka.

Xalka:

0.5 D = 0.5 (2R) = R

Masaafada gantaalku u jiro bartamaha dhulka = gacanka dhulka + gacanka gantaalku u jiro dusha sare ee dhulka = R + R = 2R

Miisaanku waa xoogga cufisjiidadka ee ku shaqeeya shay. Xoogga cufisjiidadka (F) wuxuu si liddi ah ugu dhigmaa labajibbaaranaha masaafada ka jirta bartamaha dhulka (R) si miisaanku uu ugu dhigmaa labajibbaaranaha masaafada.

1. Sharciga Newton ee dhibaatooyinka cufisjiidadka guud iyo xalalka
2. Xoogga cuf-isjiidadka, dhibaatooyinka miisaanka, iyo xalalka
3. Dardargelinta dhibaatooyinka cufisjiidadka iyo xalalka
4. Dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka dayax-gacmeedka geosynchronous
5. Dhibaatooyinka sharciga Kepler iyo xalalka dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka

Akhri wax dheeraad ah

1. Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda ujeeddada leh waa 400 cm, dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda indhahana waa 20 cm. Haddii isha ay dabacsan tahay, go'aami:

a) Ballaarinta guud ee teleskoobka (M)

b) masaafada sawirka laga soo bilaabo muraayadda ujeeddada ( d _ob '),

c) masaafada sawirka laga soo bilaabo muraayadda indhaha ( d _{o c} )

d) masaafada u dhaxaysa muraayadaha indhaha

La yaqaan:

Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda ujeeddada (f _ob ) = 400 cm

Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda indhaha ( foc ₎ = 20 _cm

Ishu waa dabacsan tahay si sawirka dhabta ah ee uu soo saaro muraayadda ujeeddada leh uu ugu jiro barta dhexe ee muraayadda ujeeddada leh iyo barta hore ee isha indhaha.

Xalka:

a) Ballaarinta guud (M)

M = f _ob / f _{o c}

M = 400 cm / 20 cm = 20 X

Sawirku waa mid casri ah oo rogrogmi kara.

b) Masaafada sawirka laga bilaabo muraayadda ujeeddada ( d _ob ')

Haddii isha la dejiyo, masaafada sawirka ee muraayadda ujeeddada leh ( d _ob ') = dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda ujeeddada leh ( f _ob ) = 400 cm = 4 m.

c) Masaafada sawirka dhabta ah laga bilaabo muraayadda indhaha ( d _{o c} )

Haddii isha la dejiyo, masaafada sawirka dhabta ah iyo muraayadda indhaha ( _{oc )} = dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda indhaha (f _oc ) = 20 cm = 0.2 m.

d) Masaafada u dhaxaysa muraayadaha indhaha

Masaafada u dhaxaysa muraayadaha = dhererka teleskoobka (l) = dhererka diiradda muraayadda ujeeddada (f _ob ) + dhererka diiradda muraayadda indhaha (f _oc ) = 400 cm + 20 cm = 420 cm.

[irp]

2. Masaafada u dhaxaysa muraayadda indhaha iyo muraayadda indhaha waa 20 cm . Weyneynta guud ee teleskoobka marka isha la nasto waa 40X. Xisaabi dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda indhaha (f _{o c} ) iyo dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda indhaha (f _ob )

La yaqaan:

Dhererka teleskoobka (l) = 20 cm

weyneynta guud ee teleskoobka (M) = 40

Xalka:

Haddii isha la dejiyo, dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda indhaha (f _oc ) + dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda ujeeddada (f _ob ) = dhererka teleskoobka (l)

f _{o c} + f _ob = l

f _ob = l – f _{o c}

f _ob = 20 – f _{o c} —–> isla'egta 1

Ballaarinta guud ee teleskoobka (M):

M = f _ob / f _{o c}

f _ob = M f _{o c}

f _ob = 40 f _{o c} —–> isla'egta 2

Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda indhaha :

Ku beddel f _ob ee isla'egta 1 iyo f _ob ee isla'egta 2:

f _ob = 20 – f _{o c}

40 f _{o c} = 20 – f _{o c}

40 f _{o c} + f _{o c} = 20

41 f _{o c} = 20

f _{o c} = 20 cm / 41

f _{o c} = 0.5 cm

Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda indhaha = 0.5 cm.

Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda ujeeddada :

f _ob = 20 – f _oc

f _ob = 20 – 0.5

f _ob = 19.5 cm

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1. Dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka muraayadda Concave
2. Dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka muraayadda isku-dhafan
3. Dhibaatooyinka muraayadaha kala duwan iyo xalalka
4. Isku-dubaridka dhibaatooyinka muraayadaha iyo xalalka
5. Qalabka indhaha dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka indhaha aadanaha
6. Qalabka indhaha dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka muraayadaha indhaha ee la xiriira
7. Muraayadaha indhaha ee qalabka indhaha
8. Dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka qalabka indhaha ee weyneynaya muraayadaha
9. Microscope-ka qalabka indhaha - dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka
10. Dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka teleskoobyada qalabka indhaha

Akhri wax dheeraad ah

1. Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda ujeeddada leh waa 2 cm, dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda indhahana waa 5 cm. Masaafada u dhaxaysa muraayadda ujeeddada leh iyo muraayadda indhaha waa 30 cm. Go'aami weynaynta guud iyo masaafada shayga laga bilaabo muraayadda ujeeddada marka isha la nasto.

La yaqaan:

Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda ujeeddada (f _ob ) = 2 cm

Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda indhaha (f _oc ) = 5 cm

Masaafada u dhaxaysa muraayadaha (l) = 30 cm

Barta u dhow (N) = 25 cm

Xalka:

(a) weyneynta guud

Qaacidada guud ee weyneynta:

M = m _ob M _oc

M = weyneynta guud, m _ob = weyneynta muraayadda ujeeddada leh, M _oc = weyneynta xagasha indhaha

Weyneynta muraayadda ujeeddada marka isha la nasto (m _ob ):

Masaafada sawirka laga bilaabo muraayadda ujeeddada (d _ob '):

d _ob ' = l – f _oc = 30 cm – 5 cm = 25 cm

Masaafada shayga u jirta muraayadda ujeeddada (d _ob ):

Muraayadda ujeedadu waa muraayad isku soo ururaysa sidaa darteed dhererka diiradda la saarayo wuxuu leeyahay calaamadda dheeraadka ah.

Masaafada sawirku waxay leedahay calaamad dheeraad ah sababtoo ah sawirku waa mid dhab ah ama fallaaraha ayaa dhex mara sawirka.

Weyneynta muraayadda ujeeddada leh :

Weyneynta xagasha indhaha marka isha la nasto (M _ok ):

M _oc = N / f _oc = 25 cm / 5 cm = 5X

Ballaarinta guud:

M = m _ob M _oc = (12.5) (5) = 62.5X

(b) Masaafada shayga u jirta muraayadda ujeeddada (d _ob )

Masaafada shayga u jirta muraayadda ujeeddada waa 2 cm.

[irp]

2. Microscope-ku wuxuu ka kooban yahay 5X objective iyo 20X occular. Masaafada u dhaxaysa muraayadaha waa 15 cm. (a) Go'aami weynaynta guud haddii isha la nasto (b) go'aami dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda indhaha (c) dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda ujeeddada.

La yaqaan:

Weyneynta muraayadda ujeeddada (m _ob ) = 5X

Weyneynta muraayadda indhaha ( _Moc ) = 20X

Barta u dhow (N) = 25 cm

Masaafada u dhaxaysa muraayadaha (l) = 15 cm

Xalka:

(a) Ballaarinta guud (M)

M = m _ob M _oc

M = (5)(20) = 100X

(b) Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda indhaha (f _oc )

Qaacidada weyneynta xagasha ee muraayadda indhaha (Moc ₎ marka isha la nasto:

M _oc = N / f _oc

Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda indhaha:

f _oc = N / M _oc = 25 cm / 20 = 1.25 cm

(c) dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda ujeeddada (f _ob )

Qaacidada weyneynta muraayadda ujeeddada marka isha la nasto:

Masaafada sawirka dhabta ah laga bilaabo muraayadda ujeeddada (d _ob '):

d _ob ' = l – f _oc = 15 cm – 1.25 cm = 13.75 cm

Masaafada shayga u jirta muraayadda ujeeddada (d _ob ):

Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda ujeeddada (f _ob ):

Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda ujeeddada = 2.29 cm

3. Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda ujeeddada leh waa 0.9 cm, dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda indhahana waa 2.5 cm. Microscope-ka waxaa isticmaala isha caadiga ah iyada oo aan la waafajin, weyneyntuna guud ahaan waa 90 jeer. Go'aami masaafada u dhaxaysa shayga iyo muraayadda ujeeddada leh. N = 25 cm.

La yaqaan:

Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda ujeeddada (f _ob ) = 0.9 cm

Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda indhaha (f _ok ) = 2,5 cm

Weyneynta guud (M) = 90 jeer

Barta u dhow isha caadiga ah (N) = 25 cm

Deganaanshaha isha waa ugu yaraan.

La Doonayo: Masaafada u dhaxaysa shayga iyo muraayadda ujeeddada (s _ob )

Xalka:

Isle'egta wadarta weyneynta xagasha marka hoygu ugu yar yahay:

Xisaabi masaafada shayga ee ku saabsan muraayadda ujeeddada (s _ob ) adoo isticmaalaya isle'egta xiriirka ka dhexeeya dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda ujeeddada (f _ob ), masaafada u dhaxaysa shayga iyo muraayadda ujeeddada (s _ob ) iyo masaafada u dhaxaysa sawirka iyo muraayadda ujeeddada (s _ob '):

4. Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda ujeeddada leh waa 1.8 cm, dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda indhahana waa 6 cm. Microscope-ka waxaa isticmaala isha caadiga ah iyada oo aan la waafajin, masaafada u dhaxaysa muraayadda ujeeddada leh iyo muraayadda indhaha waa 24 cm. Go'aami masaafada shayga laga bilaabo muraayadda ujeeddada leh.

La yaqaan:

Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda ujeeddada (f _ob ) = 1.8 cm

Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda indhaha (f _ok ) = 6 cm

Masaafada u dhaxaysa muraayadda ujeeddada leh iyo muraayadda indhaha = dhererka mikroskoobka (l) = 24 cm

Hoyga ugu yar waa.

La Doonayo: Masaafada u dhaxaysa shayga iyo muraayadda ujeeddada (s _ob )

Xalka:

Marka la dejinayo ugu yaraan, masaafada u dhaxaysa sawirka kama dambaysta ah iyo muraayadda indhaha waa mid aan dhammaad lahayn, sida ka muuqata sawirka hoose.

Masaafada u dhaxaysa muraayadda ujeeddada leh iyo muraayadda indhaha (l) = dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda indhaha (f _ok ) + masaafada u dhaxaysa sawirka iyo muraayadda ujeeddada leh (s _ob ').

s _ob ' = l – f _ok = 24 cm – 6 cm = 18 cm

Xisaabi masaafada u dhaxaysa shayga iyo muraayadda ujeeddada ( _ob ) adoo isticmaalaya isle'egta xiriirka ka dhexeeya dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda ujeeddada (f _ob ), masaafada u dhaxaysa shayga iyo muraayadda ujeeddada ( _ob ) iyo masaafada u dhaxaysa sawirka iyo muraayadda ujeeddada (ob _' ):

Masaafada u dhaxaysa shayga iyo muraayadda ujeeddada waa 2 cm.

[wpdm_package id='874′]

1. Dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka muraayadda Concave
2. Dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka muraayadda isku-dhafan
3. Dhibaatooyinka muraayadaha kala duwan iyo xalalka
4. Isku-dubaridka dhibaatooyinka muraayadaha iyo xalalka
5. Qalabka indhaha dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka indhaha aadanaha
6. Qalabka indhaha dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka muraayadaha indhaha ee la xiriira
7. Muraayadaha indhaha ee qalabka indhaha
8. Dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka qalabka indhaha ee weyneynaya muraayadaha
9. Microscope-ka qalabka indhaha - dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka
10. Dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka teleskoobyada qalabka indhaha

Akhri wax dheeraad ah

1. Shay dhererkiisu yahay 2 mm ayaa la dhigayaa 10 cm laga bilaabo muraayadda weyneysada . Meel u dhow barta N = 25 cm. Go'aami weyneynta xagasha iyo dhererka sawirka.

La yaqaan:

Dhererka walaxda (h _o ) = 2 mm

Barta u dhow (N) = 25 cm

Masaafada walxaha (d _o ) = 10 cm

La Raadinayo: Weyneynta xagasha (M) iyo dhererka sawirka (h _i )

Xalka:

M = Ma jiro / s

M = 25 cm / 10 cm

M = 2.5

Dhererka sawirka = 2.5 x 2 mm = 5 mm.

2. Muraayad dhererkeedu yahay 25 cm ayaa loo isticmaalaa muraayad weynayn ah. Go'aami (a) weynayn xagal marka isha lagu hayo meel u dhow N = 25 cm (b) weynayn xagal marka isha la nasto.

La yaqaan:

Barta u dhow (N) = 25 cm

Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda weyneysada (f) = 25 cm

Calaamadda dheeraadka ah waxay muujinaysaa in muraayaddu ay tahay muraayad isku soo ururaysa.

Xalka:

(a) weynaynta xagasha marka isha lagu hayo meel u dhow N = 25 cm

M = (Ma jiro/f) + 1

M = (25 cm / 25 cm) + 1

M = 1 + 1

M = 2 X

Haddii dhererka shaygu yahay 1 cm, dhererka sawirka waa 2 x 1 cm = 2 cm.

(b) weyneynta xagasha marka isha la nasto

M = Ma / f

M = (25 cm / 25 cm)

M = 1 X

Haddii dhererka shaygu yahay 1 cm, dhererka sawirka waa 1 x 1 cm = 1 cm.

3. Shay dhererkiisu yahay 1 cm ayaa la dhigayaa hortiisa muraayad dhererkeedu yahay 10 cm. Go'aami (a) dhererka sawirka marka isha lagu hayo meel u dhow N = 25 cm (b) Dhererka sawirka marka isha la nasto.

La yaqaan:

Dhererka shayga (h _o ) = 1 cm

Dhererka diiradda (f) = 10 cm

Barta u dhow (N) = 25 cm

Xalka:

(a) Dhererka sawirka marka isha lagu fiiro gaar ah barta u dhow N = 25 cm

M = (Ma jiro/f) + 1

M = (25 cm / 10 cm) + 1

M = 2.5 + 1

M = 3.5 X

Haddii dhererka shaygu yahay 1 cm, dhererka sawirka waa 3.5 x 1 cm = 3.5 cm.

(b) Dhererka sawirka marka isha la nasto.

M = Ma jiro/f

M = 25 cm / 10 cm

M = 2.5 X

Haddii dhererka shaygu yahay 1 cm, dhererka sawirka waa 2.5 x 1 cm = 2.5 cm.

4. Weyneynta xagasha marka isha la nasto = 5X. Haddii ay ku dhowdahay barta = 25 cm, waa maxay dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda weyneysada?

La yaqaan:

Dhererka walaxda (h _o ) = 2 mm

Weyneynta xagasha (M) = 5X

Barta u dhow (N) = 25 cm

La Doonayo: Dhererka diiradda la saarayo

Xalka:

Qaacidada weyneynta xagasha marka isha la nasto:

M = Ma jiro/f

5 = 25 cm / f

f = 25 cm / 5

f = 5 cm

Dhererka muraayadda weyneysada = 5 cm.

5. Shay waxaa arkaya qof haysta muraayad weyneysa oo dhererkeedu yahay 15 cm. Haddii meesha ugu dhow ee indhaha qofka ay tahay 30 cm, markaa go'aami weyneynta guud ee muraayadda weyneysa.

La yaqaan:

Barta u dhow isha caadiga ah (N) = 30 cm

Dhererka muraayadda weyneysada (f) = 15 cm (oo lagu daray calaamad sababtoo ah muraayaddu way isku soo ururaysaa)

La rabay: weyneynta ugu badan

Xalka:

Ballaarinta ugu badan waxay dhacdaa marka la helo meelaynta isha ugu badan. Ballaarinta xagasha ee muraayadda weyneysa waxay dhacdaa marka la helo meelaynta isha ugu badan:

M = (Ma jiro/f) + 1

M = (30 cm / 15 cm) + 1

M = 2 + 1

M = 3 jeer

6. Muraayad weyneyn leh awood indho-indheyn ah oo ah 20 diopters oo uu isticmaalo qof indho caadi ah leh oo 25 cm ah. Haddii laydhku ugu yar yahay, go'aami weyneynta ugu yar.

La yaqaan:

Barta u dhow isha caadiga ah (N) = 25 cm

Awoodda muraayadda weyneysada (P) = 20 diopters

La Doonayo: Weyneynta ugu Yar

Xalka:

Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda weyneysada:

P = 1/f

20 = 1/f

f = 1/20

f = 0.05 mitir

f = 5 cm

Ballaarinta xagasha marka hoyga ugu yar yahay:

M = Ma / f

M = (25 cm / 5 cm)

M = 5 jeer

[wpdm_package id='872′]

1. Dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka muraayadda Concave
2. Dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka muraayadda isku-dhafan
3. Dhibaatooyinka muraayadaha kala duwan iyo xalalka
4. Isku-dubaridka dhibaatooyinka muraayadaha iyo xalalka
5. Qalabka indhaha dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka indhaha aadanaha
6. Qalabka indhaha dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka muraayadaha indhaha ee la xiriira
7. Muraayadaha indhaha ee qalabka indhaha
8. Dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka qalabka indhaha ee weyneynaya muraayadaha
9. Microscope-ka qalabka indhaha - dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka
10. Dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka teleskoobyada qalabka indhaha

Akhri wax dheeraad ah

1. Awoodda muraayadda indhaha waa -2 Diopters. Masaafada u dhaxaysa isha iyo muraayadda indhaha waa 2 cm.

(a) Muraayadda indhaha waxay leedahay muraayad isku soo ururaysa ama muraayad kala duwan?

(b) Waa maxay dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda?

(c) Indho arag dhow mise indho aragti fog? Haddii ay aragti fog tahay, maxay noqon doontaa ujeeddada fog?

La yaqaan:

Awoodda muraayadda (P) = -2 Diopters

Xalka:

(a) Muraayadaha isku duuban ama muraayadaha kala duwan

Calaamadda laga jaray awoodda muraayadda waxay muujinaysaa in muraayadda taabashada ay tahay muraayad kala duwan.

(b) Dhererka diiradda la saarayo

P = 1/f

-2 = 1/f

f = 1/-2 = -0.5 m = -50 cm

Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda kala duwan waa 50 cm.

(c) Isha aragtida fog ama isha aragtida fog?

-1/ d _i = 1/f – 1/ d _o

-1/ d _i = -1/50 – 1/~ = -1/50 – 0

-1/ d _i = -1/50

d _i = 50 cm

Masaafada sawirka waa 5 0 cm + 2 cm = 52 cm . 52 cm waa barta fog ee isha fog. Isha caadiga ah, barta fog waa mid aan dhammaad lahayn.

[irp]

2. Awoodda muraayadda muraayadda indhaha waa 4 Diopters. Masaafada u dhaxaysa indhaha iyo muraayadda indhaha waa 2 cm.

(a) Muraayadda indhaha waxay leedahay muraayad isku duuban ama muraayad kala duwan?

(b) Waa maxay dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda?

(c) Indho arag dhow mise indho aragti fog ? Haddii aad aragto meel fog, maxay noqon doontaa meesha ugu dhow?

La yaqaan:

Awoodda muraayadda (P) = 4 Diopters

Xalka:

(a) Muraayadaha isku duuban ama muraayadaha kala duwan

Calaamadda dheeraadka ah ee awoodda muraayadda waxay muujinaysaa in muraayadda taabashada ay isku soo ururayso muraayadda.

(b) Dhererka diiradda la saarayo

P = 1/f

4 = 1/f

f = 1/4 = 0.25 m = 25 cm

Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda isku soo ururtay waa 25 cm.

(c) Isha aragtida fog ama isha aragtida fog?

-1/ d _i = 1/f – 1/ d _o

-1/ d _i = 1/25 – 1/23 = 23/575 – 25/575 = -2/575

– d _i = 575/-2 = -287.5 cm = -2.875 mitir

d _i = 287.5 cm = 2.875 mitir s

Masaafada sawirka waa 287.5 cm + 2 cm = 289.5 cm . 289.5 cm waa meesha ugu dhow isha muuqata. Isha caadiga ah, meesha ugu dhow waa 25 cm.

3. Indhuhu waxay leeyihiin bar u dhow 16 cm iyo bar fog oo 80 cm ah. Haddii uu isticmaalo muraayadaha indhaha, wuxuu si cad u arki karaa walxaha fog. Isagoo adeegsanaya muraayadda indhaha, masaafada shayga ugu dhow ee si cad loo arki karo waa….

A. 13 1/3 cm

B. 20 cm

C. 36 cm

D. 48 1/3 cm

La yaqaan:

Meesha fog ee qofku waa 80 cm, sidaa darteed, waxaa lagu soo gabagabeynayaa in qofku uu la ildaran yahay arag la'aan. Arag la'aanta ay keento muraayadda indhaha ayaa ka qaloocan sidii ay ahayd inay noqoto isha caadiga ah sidaa darteed dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda indhaha ayaa yaraada. Tani waxay sababtaa in iftiinka iftiinka ee ka imanaya meesha aan dhammaadka lahayn (meel fog) uusan diiradda saarin retina laakiin uu diiradda saaro hore ee retina.

La Doonayo: Masaafada waxa ugu dhow ee si cad loo arki karo iyadoo la isticmaalayo muraayadaha indhaha

Xalka:

Barta fog ee qofku waa 80 cm. Muraayadda muraayadda indhaha waa inay soo saartaa sawir masaafad dhan 80 cm hortiisa. Sawirku wuxuu hor yaallaa indhaha iyo muraayadda muraayadaha si sawirku u noqdo mid casri ah oo toosan. Markaa masaafada sawirka (d') = -80 cm. Haddii qofku xiran yahay muraayadda indhaha, wuxuu si cad u arki karaa walxaha aadka u fog. Markaa masaafada shayga (d) = barta fog ee isha caadiga ah = aan dhammaad lahayn = ~.

Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda indhaha:

1/f = 1/d + 1/d'

1/f = 1/~ + (- 1/80)

1/f = 0 – 1/80

1/f = – 1/80

f = – 80 / 1

f = – 80 cm

Dhererka diiradda la saaray ee calaamadaysan taban macnaheedu waa muraayadda muraayadda indhaha ee la isticmaalay waa muraayad qaloocan ama muraayad kala duwan.

Haddii qofku isticmaalayo muraayadda indhaha ee isku midka ah, sidee buu ugu dhow yahay waxa ugu dhow ee si cad loo arki karo? Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda (f) = -80 cm. Muraayaddu waa inay soo saartaa sawir masaafad dhan 16 cm ah oo ku taal indhaha iyo muraayadda hortooda, si sawirku u noqdo mid casri ah oo calaamadaysan. Markaa masaafada sawirka (d') = -16 cm.

1 / d = 1 / f – 1 / d' = -1/80 – (-1/16) = -1/80 + 1/16 = -1/80 + 5/80 = 4/80

d = 80/4 = 20 cm.

Shayga ugu dhow si cad ayaa loo arki karaa waa 20 cm.

Jawaabta saxda ah waa B.

4. Marka laga eego sawirka, waxaa lagu soo gabagabeyn karaa in…

Xalka:

Isha fog ee la arki karo	Il aragti fog leh + muraayad isku soo ururaysa

Muraayadaha isku soo baxaya = muraayadda isku soo baxaysa = muraayad togan

Jawaabta saxda ah waa B.

5. Meesha ugu dhow ee qofka qaba hypermetropy waa 2 mitir. Si uu u arko qof caadi ah markaa qofku wuxuu u baahan yahay inuu isticmaalo muraayadda indhaha…

A. -1.5 Diopters

B. -2.5 Diopters

C. +3.5 Diopters

D. +4.5 Diopters

La yaqaan:

Meesha ugu dhow ee dadka qaba hypermetropy (forearsight) = 2 mitir

Barta u dhow isha caadiga ah = 25 cm = 0.25 mitir

La Doonayo: Awoodda muraayadaha indhaha

Xalka:

Muraayaddu waa inay sawir ka soo saartaa masaafo dhan 2 mitir oo horta isha ah si sawirku u noqdo mid casri ah oo calaamadaysan. Markaa masaafada sawirka (d') = – 2 mitir.

Si loo arko sida qof caadi ah, masaafada shayga (d) = meesha ugu dhow isha caadiga ah = 25 cm = 0.25 mitir.

Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda muraayadda indhaha:

1/f = 1/d + 1/d'

1/f = 1/0.25 + (-1/2) = 1/0.25 – 1/2 = 8/2 – 1/2 = 7/2

f = 2/7

Dhererka diiradda la saaray ee togan wuxuu ka dhigan yahay in muraayadda muraayadda la isticmaalay ay tahay muraayad togan ama muraayad convex ah ama muraayad isku soo ururaysa.

Awoodda muraayadda:

P = 1 / f = 1: 2/7 = 1 x 7/2 = 7/2 = +3.5 Diopters

Jawaabta saxda ah waa C.

[wpdm_package id='870′]

1. Dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka muraayadda Concave
2. Dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka muraayadda isku-dhafan
3. Dhibaatooyinka muraayadaha kala duwan iyo xalalka
4. Isku-dubaridka dhibaatooyinka muraayadaha iyo xalalka
5. Qalabka indhaha dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka indhaha aadanaha
6. Qalabka indhaha dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka muraayadaha indhaha ee la xiriira
7. Muraayadaha indhaha ee qalabka indhaha
8. Dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka qalabka indhaha ee weyneynaya muraayadaha
9. Microscope-ka qalabka indhaha - dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka
10. Dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka teleskoobyada qalabka indhaha

Akhri wax dheeraad ah

1. Awoodda muraayadda taabashada waa -5 D iopters.

(a) Muraayadaha taabashada waa muraayad isku soo ururaysa mise muraayad kala duwan?

(b) Waa maxay dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda taabashada?

(c) Isha aragtida fog mise isha aragtida fog ? Haddii isha aragtida fog tahay, maxay noqon doontaa meesha ugu dhow?

La yaqaan:

Awoodda muraayadda (P) = -5 D

Xalka:

(a) Muraayadaha isku soo ururaya ama muraayadda kala duwan?

Calaamadda laga jaray awoodda muraayadda waxay muujinaysaa in muraayadda taabashada ay tahay muraayadda kala duwan.

(b) Dhererka diiradda la saarayo?

P = 1/f

-5 = 1/f

f = 1/-5 = -0.2 m = -20 cm

Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda kala duwan waa 20 cm.

(c) Isha aragtida fog ama isha aragtida fog?

-1/ d _i = 1/f – 1/ d _o

-1/ d _i = -1/20 – 1/~ = -1/20 – 0

-1/ d _i = -1/20

d _i = 20 cm

Masaafada sawirku waa 20 cm. 20 cm waa barta fog ee isha fog. Isha caadiga ah, barta fog waa dhammaadka.

[irp]

2. Awoodda muraayadda taabashada waa 1.5 Diopters.

(a) Muraayadaha taabashada ma muraayad isku soo ururaysa baa mise muraayad kala duwan?

(b) Waa maxay dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda taabashada?

(c) Il arag dhow mise Il aragti fog? Haddii ay tahay il aragti fog, maxay noqon doontaa ujeeddada fog?

La yaqaan:

Awoodda muraayadda (P) = 1.5 Diopters

Xalka:

(a) muraayad isku soo urursan ama muraayad kala duwan

Calaamadda dheeraadka ah ee awoodda muraayadda waxay muujinaysaa in muraayadda taabashada ay isku soo ururayso muraayadda.

(b) Dhererka diiradda la saarayo

P = 1/f

1.5 = 1/f

f = 1/1.5 = 0.67 m = 67 cm

Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda isku soo ururtay waa 67 cm.

(c) Isha aragtida fog ama isha aragtida fog

-1/ d _i = 1/f – 1/ d _o

-1/ d _i = 1/67 – 1/25 = 25/1675 – 67/1675 = -42/1675

– d _i = -1675/42 = -40 cm = -0.40 m

d _i = 40 cm

Masaafada sawirku waa 40 cm. 20 cm waxay u dhowdahay barta isha fog. Isha caadiga ah, barta u dhow waa 25 cm.

[wpdm_package id='868′]

1. Dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka muraayadda Concave
2. Dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka muraayadda isku-dhafan
3. Dhibaatooyinka muraayadaha kala duwan iyo xalalka
4. Isku-dubaridka dhibaatooyinka muraayadaha iyo xalalka
5. Qalabka indhaha dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka indhaha aadanaha
6. Qalabka indhaha dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka muraayadaha indhaha ee la xiriira
7. Muraayadaha indhaha ee qalabka indhaha
8. Dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka qalabka indhaha ee weyneynaya muraayadaha
9. Microscope-ka qalabka indhaha - dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka
10. Dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka teleskoobyada qalabka indhaha

Akhri wax dheeraad ah

1. Indhaha caadiga ah waxay leeyihiin meel fog oo aan dhammaad lahayn. Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda indhaha waa 2.5 cm. Go'aami (a) masaafada sawirka (b) awoodda muraayadda.

La yaqaan:

Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda indhaha (f) = masaafada u dhaxaysa isha iyo isha = +2.5 cm ( Calaamadda lagu daray waxay tilmaamaysaa muraayadda isku soo ururaysa ).

Masaafada shayga ( d _o ) = xad la'aan

La doonayay : masaafada sawirka ( d _i )

Xalka:

(a) masaafada sawirka

1/f = 1/ d _o + 1/ d _i

f = dhererka diiradda , d _o = masaafada shayga , d _i = masaafada sawirka

1/ d _i = 1/f – 1/ d _o = 1 / 2.5 – 1 / ~ = 1 / 2.5 – 0

1/ d _i = 1 / 2.5

d _i = 2.5 cm = 0.025 mitir

Haddii masaafada shayga ay tahay mid aan dhammaad lahayn, masaafada sawirka (d _i ) = dhererka diiradda (f)

(b) awoodda muraayadda

P = 1/f = 1/0.025 m = 40 Ikhtiyaarada

[irp]

2. Indhaha caadiga ah waxay leeyihiin meel u dhow 25 cm. Masaafada sawirku waxay la mid tahay masaafada u dhaxaysa cornea iyo retina = 2.5 cm. Go'aami (a) dhererka diiradda (b) awoodda muraayadda

La yaqaan:

Masaafada shayga ( d _o ) = 25 cm

Masaafada sawirka ( d _i ) = 2.5 cm

Xalka:

(a) dhererka diiradda (f)

1/f = 1/ d _o + 1/ d _i

1/f = 1/25 + 1/2,5 = 1/25 + 10/25 = 11/25

f = 2.27 cm = 0.0227 m

Calaamadda lagu daray waxay muujinaysaa muraayadda isku soo ururaysa.

(b) Awoodda muraayadda (P)

P = 1/f = 1/0.0227 = 44 Ikhtiyaarada

3. Mid ka mid ah qalabka indhaha waa indhaha aadanaha . Go'aami sifooyinka sawirka ay soo saaraan indhaha aadanaha…

A. Dhab ah, toosan

B. Dhab ah, rogan

C. Daalac, toosan

D. Dalwad, rogrogmi kara

Solution

Barta u dhow isha caadiga ah waa 25 cm. Barta u dhow waa barta ugu dhow isha oo shay si sax ah loogu fiirsho retina marka uu si buuxda u helo. Dhexroorka isha aadanuhu waa ka yar yahay 25 cm sidaa darteed dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda isha sidoo kale waa ka yar yahay 25 cm. Sidaa darteed, masaafada shayga (d) waa inay ka weyn tahay dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda isha (f).

Muraayadda indhaha waa muraayad qaloocan. Sidaa darteed sawirka ay samaysay muraayadda indhaha waxay leedahay sifooyin la mid ah sawirka ay samaysay muraayad qaloocan. Astaamaha sawirka ay samaysay muraayadda indhaha marka masaafada shayga (yada) ay ka weyn tahay dhererka diiradda (f):

dhab ah, rogan, ka yar

Sawirka waa in diiradda la saaraa retina-da sababtoo ah retina-du waxay hirarka iftiinka u beddeshaa calaamado koronto oo loo gudbiyo maskaxda. In kasta oo sawirka la rogo maskaxda aadanaha ayaa u rogta mid toosan si walxaha ay isha aragto ay u ahaadaan kuwo toosan.

Markaad geed ka aragto meel fog, geedku wuxuu u muuqdaa mid ka yar cabbirkiisa dhabta ah. Tani waxay la jaanqaadaysaa sifooyinka sawirka la dhimay.

Jawaabta saxda ah waa A.

4. Ishu waxay arki kartaa shay marka sawirku diiradda saaro retina halkaas oo sifooyinka sawirku ay yihiin…

A. Daalac, toosan, oo weyn

B. Dalwad, rogrogmi kara, ka yar

C. Dhab ah, rogrogmi kara, ka yar

D. Dhab ah, toosan, ka yar

Solution
– Muraayadda isha waa muraayad qaloocan, sidaa darteed, sifooyinka sawirka ay samaysay muraayadda isha waxay la mid yihiin sifooyinka sawirka ay samaysay muraayadda qaloocan.

– Barta u dhow isha caadiga ah ama masaafada ugu dhow ee wali si cad indhaha u arki karaan waa 25 cm. Kubbadaha indhaha aad bay u yar yihiin oo radius-ka qalooca iyo dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda indhaha ayaa ka yar 25 cm. Markaa waxaa la soo gabagabeyn karaa in masaafada shayga ay ka weyn tahay dhererka diiradda.

– Haddii masaafada shaygu ay ka weyn tahay dhererka diiradda, sifooyinka sawirka ay samaysay isha bini'aadamku ee retina waa kuwo dhab ah, rogman, oo ka yar. In kasta oo sawirku rogman yahay, haddana maskaxdu waxay u rogtaa si toosan marka aan la kulanno.

Jawaabta saxda ah waa C.

[wpdm_package id='866′]

1. Dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka muraayadda Concave
2. Dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka muraayadda isku-dhafan
3. Dhibaatooyinka muraayadaha kala duwan iyo xalalka
4. Isku-dubaridka dhibaatooyinka muraayadaha iyo xalalka
5. Qalabka indhaha dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka indhaha aadanaha
6. Qalabka indhaha dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka muraayadaha indhaha ee la xiriira
7. Muraayadaha indhaha ee qalabka indhaha
8. Dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka qalabka indhaha ee weyneynaya muraayadaha
9. Microscope-ka qalabka indhaha - dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka
10. Dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka teleskoobyada qalabka indhaha

Akhri wax dheeraad ah

1. Shay dhererkiisu yahay 5-cm ayaa la dhigayaa 5 cm laga bilaabo muraayad isku xiran oo dhererkeedu yahay 15-cm . Go'aami masaafada sawirka , weynaynta sawirka, dhererka sawirka iyo sifooyinka sawirka.

La yaqaan:

Dhererka diiradda (f) = 15 cm

Calaamadda lagu daray waxay muujinaysaa in barta diiradda la saarayo ay tahay mid dhab ah ama fallaaraha ay ka gudbaan barta.

Dhererka shayga (h _o ) = 5 cm

Masaafada shayga ( d _o ) = 5 cm

La Doonayo : masaafada sawirka , weynaynta sawirka , dhererka sawirka iyo sifooyinka sawirka

Xalka:

Samaynta sawirka iyadoo la isku darayo muraayadda :

Masaafada sawirka ( d _i ):

1/ d _i = 1/f – 1/ d _o = 1/15 – 1/5 = 1/15 – 3/15 = -2/15

d _i = -15/2 = -7.5 cm

Calaamadda laga jaray waxay muujinaysaa in sawirku yahay mid casri ah ama fallaaraha aysan dhex marin sawirka.

Weyneynta sawirka ( m ):

m = – d _i / d _o = -(-7.5)/5 = 7.5/5 = 1.5

Calaamadda dheeraadka ah waxay muujinaysaa in sawirku uu toosan yahay.

Dhererka sawirka (h _i ):

m = h _i / h _o

h _i = m h _o = (1.5)5 = 10/3 = 7.5 cm

Calaamadda dheeraadka ah waxay muujinaysaa in sawirku uu toosan yahay.

Sifooyinka sawirka

- dalwad

- toosan

– Sawirku wuu ka weyn yahay shayga

– Masaafada sawirku way ka weyn tahay masaafada shayga

[irp]

2. Shay dhererkiisu yahay 10 -cm ayaa la dhigayaa 30 cm laga bilaabo muraayad isku xiran oo dhererkeedu yahay 15-cm . Go'aami masaafada sawirka, weynaynta sawirka, dhererka sawirka iyo sifooyinka sawirka.

La yaqaan:

Dhererka diiradda (f) = 15 cm

Calaamadda lagu daray waxay muujinaysaa in barta diiradda la saarayo ay tahay mid dhab ah ama fallaaraha ay ka gudbaan barta.

Dhererka shayga (h) = 10 cm

Masaafada shayga (yada) = 30 cm

La Doonayo: Masaafada sawirka, weynaynta sawirka, dhererka sawirka iyo sifooyinka sawirka

Xalka:

Samaynta sawirka iyadoo la adeegsanayo muraayadda isku soo ururaysa:

Masaafada sawirka ( d _i ):

1/ d _i = 1/f – 1/ d _o = 1/15 – 1/30 = 2/30 – 1/30 = 1/30

d _i = 30/1 = 30 cm

Calaamadda dheeraadka ah waxay muujinaysaa in sawirku yahay mid dhab ah ama fallaaraha ayaa dhex mara sawirka.

Weyneynta sawirka ( m ):

m = – d _i / d _o = -(30)/30 = -30/30 = -1

Calaamadda laga jaray waxay muujinaysaa in sawirku rogmanayo.

Dhererka sawirka (h _i ):

m = h _i / h _o

h _i = m h _o = (-1)10 = -10 cm

Calaamadda laga jaray waxay muujinaysaa in sawirku rogmanayo.

Sifooyinka sawirka

- dhab ah ama fallaaraha ayaa dhex mara sawirka

- rogan

– Dhererka sawirku wuxuu la mid yahay dhererka shayga.

– Masaafada sawirku waxay la mid tahay masaafada shayga.

[irp]

3. Shay dhererkiisu yahay 10 -cm ayaa la dhigayaa 30 cm laga bilaabo muraayad isku xiran oo dhererkeedu yahay 20-cm . Go'aami masaafada sawirka, weynaynta sawirka, dhererka sawirka iyo sifooyinka sawirka.

La yaqaan:

Dhererka diiradda f) = 20 cm

Calaamadda lagu daray waxay muujinaysaa in barta diiradda la saarayo ay tahay mid dhab ah ama fallaaraha ay ka gudbaan barta.

Dhererka shayga (h) = 10 cm

Masaafada shayga ( d _o ) = 30 cm

La Doonayo: Masaafada sawirka , weynaynta sawirka , dhererka sawirka iyo sifooyinka sawirka

Xalka:

Masaafada sawirka ( d _i ):

1/ d _i = 1/f – 1/ d _o = 1/20 – 1/30 = 3/60 – 2/60 = 1/60

d _i = 60/1 = 60 cm

Calaamadda dheeraadka ah waxay muujinaysaa in sawirku yahay mid dhab ah ama fallaaraha ayaa dhex mara sawirka.

Weyneynta sawirka ( m ):

m = – d _i / d _o = -(60)/30 = -2

Calaamadda laga jaray waxay muujinaysaa in sawirku rogmanayo.

Sawirka ayaa 2 jeer ka weyn shayga.

Dhererka sawirka (h _i ):

m = h _i / h _o

h i = m h _o = (-2)10 = -20 cm

Calaamadda laga jaray waxay muujinaysaa in sawirku rogmanayo.

Sifooyinka sawirka

- dhab ah

- rogan

- dhererka sawirka ayaa ka weyn dhererka shayga

– masaafada sawirku way ka weyn tahay masaafada shayga

[irp]

4. Iyada oo ku saleysan sawirka hoose, go'aami dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda isku soo ururtay!

La yaqaan:

Masaafada walxaha ( d _o ) = 20 cm

Masaafada sawirka ( d _i ) = 30 cm

La Doonayo : Dhererka diiradda (f)

Xalka:

1/ d _o + 1/ d _i = 1/f

d _o = masaafada walaxda ( oo lagu daray calaamad sababtoo ah fallaaraha ayaa dhex mara walaxda )

d _i = masaafada sawirka ( oo lagu daray calaamad sababtoo ah fallaaraha ayaa dhex mara sawirka )

f = dhererka diiradda ( oo lagu daray calaamad sababtoo ah fallaaraha ayaa dhex mara barta diiradda ama barta diiradda waa dhab )

Dhererka diiradda la saarayo:

1/f = 1/20 + 1/30 = 3/60 + 2/60 = 5/60

f = 60/5 = 12 cm

5. Masaafada shayga waa 30 cm dhererka diiraddana waa 20 cm. Go'aami weyneynta sawirka.

La yaqaan:

Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda isku soo ururaysa (f) = 20 cm

Calaamadda dheeraadka ah waxay muujinaysaa in barta diiradda la saarayo ay tahay mid dhab ah ama ay fallaaraha ka dhex maraan sawirka.

Masaafada walxaha ( d _o ) = 30 cm

La Doonayo: Weyneynta sawirka (M)

Xalka:

Masaafada sawirka:

1/ d _i = 1/f – 1/ do = 1/20 – 1/30 = 3/60 – 2/60 = 1/60

d _i = 60/1 = 60 cm

Weyneynta sawirka:

M = d _i / d _o = 60 cm / 30 cm = 60/30 = 2 jeer

[wpdm_package id='864′]

1. Dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka muraayadda Concave
2. Dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka muraayadda isku-dhafan
3. Dhibaatooyinka muraayadaha kala duwan iyo xalalka
4. Isku-dubaridka dhibaatooyinka muraayadaha iyo xalalka
5. Qalabka indhaha dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka indhaha aadanaha
6. Qalabka indhaha dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka muraayadaha indhaha ee la xiriira
7. Muraayadaha indhaha ee qalabka indhaha
8. Dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka qalabka indhaha ee weyneynaya muraayadaha
9. Microscope-ka qalabka indhaha - dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka
10. Dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka teleskoobyada qalabka indhaha

Akhri wax dheeraad ah

1. Shay dhererkiisu yahay 5-cm ayaa la dhigayaa 15 cm laga bilaabo muraayad 30-cm ah oo kala duwan oo diiradda saareysa . Go'aami masaafada sawirka , weynaynta sawirka, dhererka sawirka, iyo sifooyinka sawirka.

La yaqaan:

Dhererka diiradda (f) = -30 cm

Calaamadda laga jaray waxay muujinaysaa in barta diiradda la saarayo ay tahay mid casri ah ama fallaaraha aysan dhex marin barta.

Dhererka shayga (h _o ) = 5 cm

Masaafada shayga (d _o ) = 15 cm

La Rabay: Masaafada sawirka (d _i ), weyneynta sawirka (m), dhererka sawirka (h _i ) iyo sifooyinka sawirka.

Xalka:

Samaynta sawirka iyadoo la adeegsanayo muraayad kala duwan:

Masaafada sawirka (d _i ):

1/d _i = 1/f – 1/d _o = -1/30 – 1/15 = -1/30 – 2/30 = -3/30

d _i = -30/3 = -10 cm

Calaamadda laga jaray waxay muujinaysaa in sawirku yahay mid casri ah ama fallaaraha aysan dhex marin sawirka.

Weyneynta sawirka (m):

m = – d _i / d _o = -(-10)/15 = 10/15 = 2/3

Calaamadda dheeraadka ah waxay muujinaysaa in sawirku uu toosan yahay.

Sawirku waa 2/3 ka yar shayga.

Dhererka sawirka (h _i ):

m = h _i / h _o

h _i = mh _o = (2/3)5 = 10/3 = 3.3 cm

Calaamadda dheeraadka ah waxay muujinaysaa in sawirku uu toosan yahay.

Sifooyinka sawirka:

Astaamaha sawirka oo ay samaysay muraayad kala duwan:

- dalwad

- toosan

– sawirku wuu ka yar yahay shayga

– masaafada sawirku way ka yar tahay masaafada shayga

[irp]

2. Shay dhererkiisu yahay 10-cm ayaa la dhigayaa 60 cm laga bilaabo muraayad 30-cm ah oo kala duwan oo diiradda saareysa. Go'aami masaafada sawirka, weynaynta sawirka, dhererka sawirka, iyo sifooyinka sawirka.

La yaqaan:

Dhererka diiradda (f) = -30 cm

Calaamadda laga jaray waxay muujinaysaa in barta diiradda la saarayo ay tahay mid casri ah ama fallaaraha aysan dhex marin barta.

Dhererka shayga (h) = 10 cm

Masaafada shayga (d _o ) = 60 cm

La Doonayo: Masaafada sawirka (d _i ), weyneynta sawirka (m), dhererka sawirka (h _i ) iyo sifooyinka sawirka

Xalka:

Samaynta sawirka iyadoo la adeegsanayo muraayad kala duwan:

Masaafada sawirka (d _i ):

1/d _i = 1/f – 1/d _o = -1/30 – 1/60 = -2/60 – 1/60 = -3/60

d _i = -60/3 = -20 cm

Calaamadda laga jaray waxay muujinaysaa in sawirku yahay mid casri ah ama fallaaraha aysan dhex marin sawirka.

Weyneynta sawirka (m):

m = -d _i /d _o = -(-20)/60 = 20/60 = 1/3

Calaamadda dheeraadka ah waxay muujinaysaa in sawirku uu toosan yahay.

Sawirku waa 1/3 ka yar shayga.

Dhererka sawirka (h _i ):

m = h _i / h _o

h _i = mh _o = (1/3)10 = 10/3 = 3.3 cm

Calaamadda dheeraadka ah waxay muujinaysaa in sawirku uu toosan yahay.

Sifooyinka sawirka

- dalwad sababtoo ah fallaaraha ma dhex maraan sawirka

- toosan

– sawirku wuu ka yar yahay shayga

– masaafada sawirku way ka yar tahay masaafada shayga

[wpdm_package id='862′]

1. Dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka muraayadda Concave
2. Dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka muraayadda isku-dhafan
3. Dhibaatooyinka muraayadaha kala duwan iyo xalalka
4. Isku-dubaridka dhibaatooyinka muraayadaha iyo xalalka
5. Qalabka indhaha dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka indhaha aadanaha
6. Qalabka indhaha dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka muraayadaha indhaha ee la xiriira
7. Muraayadaha indhaha ee qalabka indhaha
8. Dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka qalabka indhaha ee weyneynaya muraayadaha
9. Microscope-ka qalabka indhaha - dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka
10. Dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka teleskoobyada qalabka indhaha

Akhri wax dheeraad ah