Maqaal ku saabsan jaantusyada Ray ee muraayadaha kala duwan (concave)
Haddii shay uu dhinac ka mid ah muraayadda qaloocan yahay, muraayadda qaloocan ayaa samayn karta sawirka shayga. Haddii la yaqaan booska shayga ee dhinac ka mid ah muraayadda qaloocan, sidee loo sawiraa qaabka sawirka shayga? Bal qiyaas in shay uu dhinaca bidix ee muraayadda qaloocan yahay, sida ka muuqata sawirka hoose.
Xariiq oranji ah = muraayadda qaloocan
Xariiqda buluugga ah = dhidibka ugu weyn
Fallaadh (cagaar) = shay
F 1 = dhererka diiradda 1 iyo F 2 = dhererka diiradda 2
Sawirka sawirka shayga waxaa lagu helaa iyadoo la sawirayo dhammaan fallaadhaha iftiinka ee dhex mara shayga, laakiin tani ma aha mid wax ku ool ah sababtoo ah waxaa jiri doona khadad badan oo matalaya fallaadhaha iftiinka. Si fudud loo sameeyo, dhowr fallaadho iftiin ah ayaa la doortaa si ay u matalaan dhammaan fallaadhaha iftiinka ee dhex mara shayga. Maadaama dhacdadani ay ku lug leedahay dib-u-celinta iftiinka, sharciga dib-u-celinta iftiinka waa in la raaco marka la sawirayo sameynta sawirka.
Saddex iftiin ah ama saddex iftiin ah
Ray 1:
Ray 1 oo ku yimaada muraayadda qaloocan ayaa la sawiray iyadoo barbar socota dhidibka ugu weyn wuxuuna taabtaa geeska sare ee shayga,
ka dibna waxaa dib u celisa muraayadda qaloocan, halkaas oo iftiinka iftiinku uu dib u soo ceshado sidii isagoo ka imanaya barta diiradda. Falaadhaha soo socda iyo fallaadhaha iftiinka ee waa inay buuxiyaan sharciga dib u habeynta iftiinka.
Ray 2:
Ray 2 oo u soo socda muraayadda qaloocan ayaa la sawiraa sidii isagoo u socda barta diiradda la saarayo oo taabanaya dhammaadka sare ee shayga,
ka dibna waxaa dib u celisa muraayadda qaloocan, halkaas oo iftiinka la qaboojiyey uu yahay mid barbar socda dhidibka ugu weyn. Falaadhaha soo socda iyo fallaadhaha la qaboojinayo waa inay buuxiyaan sharciga kala-soocidda iftiinka.
Ray 3:
Ray 3 oo u soo socda muraayadda qaloocan ayaa laga soo dhaafayaa barta isgoyska muraayadda qaloocan iyo dhidibka ugu weyn.
Samaynta sawirka (laba raajo)
Samaynta sawirka waxaa lagu sawiri karaa laba raajo oo keliya, sida hoos ku cad. Haddii la isticmaalayo laba raajo, waxaa jira saddex sawir oo suurtagal ah oo ku saabsan sameynta sawirka.
Ray 1 iyo 2
Ray 1 iyo 3
Ray 2 iyo 3
Sawir sameynta sawirada iyadoo la isticmaalayo laba fallaadho oo keliya ayaa loo baahan yahay in lagu hagaajiyo masaafada shayga ee ka fog muraayadda qaloocan. Haddii masaafada shayga ee ka fog muraayadda qaloocan ay tahay sida ku cad sawirka kore, waxaa jira saddex siyaabood oo lagu sawiri karo sameynta sawirka iyadoo la adeegsanayo laba fallaadho oo keliya. Haddii masaafada shayga ee ka fog muraayadda qaloocan ay ka duwan tahay sawirka kore,
Tusaale ahaan, shaygu wuxuu u dhexeeyaa barta diiradda la saarayo iyo muraayadda, markaa looma baahna saddex siyaabood oo lagu sawiri karo qaab-dhismeedka sawirka, laga yaabee inay jiraan laba siyaabood oo keliya oo lagu sawiri karo.
Haddii aad sawirto qaab-dhismeedka sawirka adigoo isticmaalaya muraayadda qaloocan, waxaad dooran kartaa hal hab oo uma baahnid inaad isticmaasho laba ama saddex siyaabood.
Samaynta sawirka (saddex raajo)
Samaynta sawirka waxaa lagu sawiri karaa saddex raajo, sida ka muuqata sawirka hoose.
Haddii masaafada shayga u jirta muraayadda qaloocan aysan ahayn sida sawirka kore, tusaale ahaan, shaygu wuxuu u dhexeeyaa muraayadda qaloocan iyo barta diiradda la saarayo,
ama shaygu uu u dhexeeyo barta diiradda iyo bartamaha qalooca muraayadda qalooca leh, markaa looma baahna in sameynta sawirka lagu sawiri karo saddex siyaabood sida sawirka kore. Waxaa jiri kara laba siyaabood oo keliya oo lagu sawiri karo sameynta sawirka.
Fadlan fiiri sawirka tusaalaha ah ee sameynta sawirka ee muraayadda qaloocan, halkaas oo masaafada shayga u dhaxaysa muraayadaha qaloocan, ay kala duwan tahay, marka loo eego sameynta sawirka ee muraayadda qaloocan.
10 su'aalood oo fikradeed iyo jawaabo ah oo ku saabsan jaantusyada shucaaca ee muraayadda kala duwan (concave).
1. Waa maxay ujeeddada jaantuska shucaaca marka la eego muraayadda kala duwan?
Jaantuska shucaaca waa matalaad sawireed oo muujinaysa sida fallaaraha iftiinku u beddelaan jihada marka ay dhex maraan muraayadda. Marka la eego muraayadda kala duwan, waxay muujinaysaa sida fallaaraha iftiinka ee dhacdada u kala duwanaadaan ka dib marka ay dhex maraan muraayadda iyo sida ay u muuqdaan inay ka soo jeedaan hal dhibic oo ku taal dhinaca muraayadda iftiinka soo socda (barta diiradda).
2. Waa maxay fallaadhaha caadiga ah ee loo isticmaalo in lagu sawiro jaantuska shucaaca ee muraayadda kala duwan?
Saddex hab oo caadi ah ayaa la isticmaalaa:
- Raajada koowaad waxay u socotaa barbar socota dhidibka ugu weyn ka dibna waxay u muuqataa inay ka soo jeedo barta diiradda ka dib marka la kala jaro.
- Raajada labaad waxay si toos ah uga gudubtaa bartamaha muraayadda iyada oo aan la jaro.
- Falaadhaha saddexaad waxaa loo jiheeyaa barta diiradda saaran ee dhinaca ka soo horjeeda muraayadda waxayna soo baxaan iyagoo barbar socda dhidibka ugu weyn.
3. Sidee sawirka ay samaysay muraayad kala duwani uga duwan yahay jaantusyada shucaaca marka loo eego muraayad isku soo ururta?
Jaantusyada shucaaca, muraayadda kala duwan had iyo jeer waxay samaysaa sawir dalwad ah, toosan, iyo mid yar oo ku yaal dhinaca muraayadda ee shayga. Dhanka kale, muraayadda isku soo ururta waxay samayn kartaa sawirro dhab ah oo rogrogma (haddii shaygu ka baxsan yahay barta diiradda) ama sawirro dalwad ah oo toosan (haddii shaygu ka dhow yahay barta diiradda).
4. Maxay sawirka ay samaysay muraayad kala duwani had iyo jeer u noqotaa mid casri ah sida lagu arkay jaantusyada shucaaca?
Jaantusyada raajada ee muraayadaha kala duwan, fallaaraha la qaboojiyey way kala duwan yihiin oo dhab ahaantii kuma kulmaan dhinaca kale ee muraayadda. Taa beddelkeeda, waxay u muuqdaan inay ka soo jeedaan meel ku taal isla dhinaca muraayadda ee shayga, taasoo keenta sawir dalwaddeed.
5. Sidee loo ogaan karaa weyneynta sawirka jaantuska raajada ee muraayadda kala duwan?
Weyneynta sawirka waxaa laga ogaan karaa jaantuska shucaaca iyadoo la barbar dhigayo dhererka sawirka (laga soo qaaday dhidibka ugu weyn ilaa sare ee sawirka) iyo dhererka shayga. Haddii ay dhacdo muraayad kala duwan, sawirku had iyo jeer wuu ka yar yahay shayga, taasoo muujinaysa weyneyn ka yar 1.
6. Waa maxay doorka dhidibka ugu muhiimsan ee jaantuska raajada ee muraayadda kala duwan?
dhidibka ugu muhiimsan ee jaantuska shucaaca waa xariiqda dhex marta bartamaha muraayadda waxayna ku toosan tahay muraayadda. Waxay u adeegtaa sidii xariiq tixraac ah oo lagu raadraaco waddada fallaadhaha iftiinka iyo helitaanka shayga, sawirka, iyo meelaha diiradda la saarayo.
7. Sidee loogu matalaa barta diiradda lagu saarayo jaantuska raajada ee muraayadda kala duwan?
Jaantuska shucaaca, barta diiradda ee muraayadda kala duwan waxaa lagu matalaa barta ay ka soo baxaan fallaaraha iftiinka ee barbar socda dhidibka ugu weyn ka dib marka ay dhex maraan muraayadda. Bartan waxay ku taal isla dhinaca muraayadda sida iftiinka soo socda.
8. Jaantuska shucaaca ee muraayadda kala duwan, sidee buu masaafada u dhaxaysa muraayadda iyo sawirku ula xiriiraa masaafada shayga iyo dhererka diiradda?
Xiriirka waxaa lagu bixiyaa qaacidada muraayadda 1/f = 1/v - 1/u, halkaas oo f uu yahay dhererka diiradda, v uu yahay masaafada sawirka, u-na uu yahay masaafada shayga. Maadaama muraayadda kala duwan ay leedahay dherer diiradda taban, masaafada sawirku sidoo kale waa taban, taasoo muujinaysa in sawirku uu ka samaysan yahay isla dhinaca muraayadda shayga.
9. Sidee loo saadaalin karaa goobta sawirka iyadoo la adeegsanayo jaantuska shucaaca ee muraayadda kala duwan?
Goobta sawirka waxaa lagu saadaalin karaa iyadoo la dheereeyo fallaaraha la qaboojiyey dhinaca shayga ilaa ay ka kulmaan. Meesha ay fidsanayaasha fallaarahani isku xirmaan waa goobta sawirka.
10. Maxaa ku dhacaya sawirka ku jira jaantuska shucaaca marka shaygu u soo dhawaado muraayad kala duwan?
Marka shaygu u soo dhawaado muraayadda kala leexata, sawirku sidoo kale wuxuu u soo dhawaadaa muraayadda laakiin wuxuu ku sii jiraa isla dhinac. Intaa waxaa dheer, cabbirka sawirku wuu yaraanayaa marka shaygu u soo dhawaado muraayadda.
