1. Awoodda muraayadda indhaha waa -2 Diopters. Masaafada u dhaxaysa isha iyo muraayadda indhaha waa 2 cm.
(a) Muraayadda indhaha waxay leedahay muraayad isku soo ururaysa ama muraayad kala duwan?
(b) Waa maxay dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda?
(c) Indho arag dhow mise indho aragti fog? Haddii ay aragti fog tahay, maxay noqon doontaa ujeeddada fog?
La yaqaan:
Awoodda muraayadda (P) = -2 Diopters
Xalka:
(a) Muraayadaha isku duuban ama muraayadaha kala duwan
Calaamadda laga jaray awoodda muraayadda waxay muujinaysaa in muraayadda taabashada ay tahay muraayad kala duwan.
(b) Dhererka diiradda la saarayo
P = 1/f
-2 = 1/f
f = 1/-2 = -0.5 m = -50 cm
Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda kala duwan waa 50 cm.
(c) Isha aragtida fog ama isha aragtida fog?
-1/ d i = 1/f – 1/ d o
-1/ d i = -1/50 – 1/~ = -1/50 – 0
-1/ d i = -1/50
d i = 50 cm
Masaafada sawirka waa 5 0 cm + 2 cm = 52 cm . 52 cm waa barta fog ee isha fog. Isha caadiga ah, barta fog waa mid aan dhammaad lahayn.
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2. Awoodda muraayadda muraayadda indhaha waa 4 Diopters. Masaafada u dhaxaysa indhaha iyo muraayadda indhaha waa 2 cm.
(a) Muraayadda indhaha waxay leedahay muraayad isku duuban ama muraayad kala duwan?
(b) Waa maxay dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda?
(c) Indho arag dhow mise indho aragti fog ? Haddii aad aragto meel fog, maxay noqon doontaa meesha ugu dhow?
La yaqaan:
Awoodda muraayadda (P) = 4 Diopters
Xalka:
(a) Muraayadaha isku duuban ama muraayadaha kala duwan
Calaamadda dheeraadka ah ee awoodda muraayadda waxay muujinaysaa in muraayadda taabashada ay isku soo ururayso muraayadda.
(b) Dhererka diiradda la saarayo
P = 1/f
4 = 1/f
f = 1/4 = 0.25 m = 25 cm
Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda isku soo ururtay waa 25 cm.
(c) Isha aragtida fog ama isha aragtida fog?
-1/ d i = 1/f – 1/ d o
-1/ d i = 1/25 – 1/23 = 23/575 – 25/575 = -2/575
– d i = 575/-2 = -287.5 cm = -2.875 mitir
d i = 287.5 cm = 2.875 mitir s
Masaafada sawirka waa 287.5 cm + 2 cm = 289.5 cm . 289.5 cm waa meesha ugu dhow isha muuqata. Isha caadiga ah, meesha ugu dhow waa 25 cm.
3. Indhuhu waxay leeyihiin bar u dhow 16 cm iyo bar fog oo 80 cm ah. Haddii uu isticmaalo muraayadaha indhaha, wuxuu si cad u arki karaa walxaha fog. Isagoo adeegsanaya muraayadda indhaha, masaafada shayga ugu dhow ee si cad loo arki karo waa….
A. 13 1/3 cm
B. 20 cm
C. 36 cm
D. 48 1/3 cm
La yaqaan:
Meesha fog ee qofku waa 80 cm, sidaa darteed, waxaa lagu soo gabagabeynayaa in qofku uu la ildaran yahay arag la'aan. Arag la'aanta ay keento muraayadda indhaha ayaa ka qaloocan sidii ay ahayd inay noqoto isha caadiga ah sidaa darteed dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda indhaha ayaa yaraada. Tani waxay sababtaa in iftiinka iftiinka ee ka imanaya meesha aan dhammaadka lahayn (meel fog) uusan diiradda saarin retina laakiin uu diiradda saaro hore ee retina.
La Doonayo: Masaafada waxa ugu dhow ee si cad loo arki karo iyadoo la isticmaalayo muraayadaha indhaha
Xalka:
Barta fog ee qofku waa 80 cm. Muraayadda muraayadda indhaha waa inay soo saartaa sawir masaafad dhan 80 cm hortiisa. Sawirku wuxuu hor yaallaa indhaha iyo muraayadda muraayadaha si sawirku u noqdo mid casri ah oo toosan. Markaa masaafada sawirka (d') = -80 cm. Haddii qofku xiran yahay muraayadda indhaha, wuxuu si cad u arki karaa walxaha aadka u fog. Markaa masaafada shayga (d) = barta fog ee isha caadiga ah = aan dhammaad lahayn = ~.
Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda indhaha:
1/f = 1/d + 1/d'
1/f = 1/~ + (- 1/80)
1/f = 0 – 1/80
1/f = – 1/80
f = – 80 / 1
f = – 80 cm
Dhererka diiradda la saaray ee calaamadaysan taban macnaheedu waa muraayadda muraayadda indhaha ee la isticmaalay waa muraayad qaloocan ama muraayad kala duwan.
Haddii qofku isticmaalayo muraayadda indhaha ee isku midka ah, sidee buu ugu dhow yahay waxa ugu dhow ee si cad loo arki karo? Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda (f) = -80 cm. Muraayaddu waa inay soo saartaa sawir masaafad dhan 16 cm ah oo ku taal indhaha iyo muraayadda hortooda, si sawirku u noqdo mid casri ah oo calaamadaysan. Markaa masaafada sawirka (d') = -16 cm.
1 / d = 1 / f – 1 / d' = -1/80 – (-1/16) = -1/80 + 1/16 = -1/80 + 5/80 = 4/80
d = 80/4 = 20 cm.
Shayga ugu dhow si cad ayaa loo arki karaa waa 20 cm.
Jawaabta saxda ah waa B.
4. Marka laga eego sawirka, waxaa lagu soo gabagabeyn karaa in…
Xalka:
 |
 |
|
Isha fog ee la arki karo |
Il aragti fog leh + muraayad isku soo ururaysa |
Muraayadaha isku soo baxaya = muraayadda isku soo baxaysa = muraayad togan
Jawaabta saxda ah waa B.
5. Meesha ugu dhow ee qofka qaba hypermetropy waa 2 mitir. Si uu u arko qof caadi ah markaa qofku wuxuu u baahan yahay inuu isticmaalo muraayadda indhaha…
A. -1.5 Diopters
B. -2.5 Diopters
C. +3.5 Diopters
D. +4.5 Diopters
La yaqaan:
Meesha ugu dhow ee dadka qaba hypermetropy (forearsight) = 2 mitir
Barta u dhow isha caadiga ah = 25 cm = 0.25 mitir
La Doonayo: Awoodda muraayadaha indhaha
Xalka:
Muraayaddu waa inay sawir ka soo saartaa masaafo dhan 2 mitir oo horta isha ah si sawirku u noqdo mid casri ah oo calaamadaysan. Markaa masaafada sawirka (d') = – 2 mitir.
Si loo arko sida qof caadi ah, masaafada shayga (d) = meesha ugu dhow isha caadiga ah = 25 cm = 0.25 mitir.
Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda muraayadda indhaha:
1/f = 1/d + 1/d'
1/f = 1/0.25 + (-1/2) = 1/0.25 – 1/2 = 8/2 – 1/2 = 7/2
f = 2/7
Dhererka diiradda la saaray ee togan wuxuu ka dhigan yahay in muraayadda muraayadda la isticmaalay ay tahay muraayad togan ama muraayad convex ah ama muraayad isku soo ururaysa.
Awoodda muraayadda:
P = 1 / f = 1: 2/7 = 1 x 7/2 = 7/2 = +3.5 Diopters
Jawaabta saxda ah waa C.
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