Francis Turbine: Mashandiro Ainoita uye Mabhenefiti Ayo Esimba reMagetsi
Pendauluan
Mukuedza kwepasi rose kuwedzera kuchengetedzeka uye kuderedza kuvimba nemafuta epasi, simba rinogona kushandiswazve rave chinhu chikuru chakanyanya kutariswa. Rimwe simba rinogona kushandiswazve rinonyanya kushandisa simba rezvisikwa isimba remagetsi rinoshandisa mvura. Simba iri rinovimba nesimba remvura inoyerera kugadzira magetsi. Pakati pemhando dzakasiyana dzematurbine anoshandiswa mukugadzira magetsi emvura, turbine yeFrancis inoonekwa seimwe yeinoshanda zvakanyanya uye inochinjika. Chinyorwa chino chichakurukura mashandiro anoita turbine yeFrancis uye zvayakanakira pakushandisa simba remagetsi emvura.
Chii chinonzi Francis Turbine?
Turbine yeFrancis imhando yeturbine inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumafekitori emagetsi emvura. Yakatumidzwa zita remugadziri wayo, James B. Francis, uyo akaigadzira pakati pezana remakore rechi19. Maturbine aya akagadzirwa kuti akwanise kumhanya zvakanyanya uye kushanda zvakanaka, zvichivabvumira kushandisa mamiriro akasiyana-siyana ekuyerera kwemvura.
Mashandiro anoita Francis Turbine
Maturbine eFrancis anoshanda nepfungwa yekushandura simba rinobva mumvura kuita simba remagetsi uye pakupedzisira kuita simba remagetsi, iro rinoshandiswa kushandura jenareta. Pazasi pane tsananguro yakadzama yekuti turbine yeFrancis inoshanda sei.
1. Kunwa Mvura: Mvura inoyerera kubva mudziva kana murwizi ichipinda mupombi hombe inonzi penstock. Penstock inoshanda kutungamira nekuwedzera kumhanya kwekuyerera kwemvura kuenda kuturbine.
2. Mavheni Ekutungamira: Mvura inobva yapfuura nemumavheni ekutungamira anogadziriswa, anozivikanwa semavheni ekutungamira kana kuti mageti ewiketi. Mavheni aya ekutungamira anodzora huwandu hwemvura inopinda muturbine uye anoitungamirira kumabheni eturbine nekona yakakodzera.
3. Runner: Mushure mekupfuura nemumaguide vanes, mvura inoyerera ichienda kuma turbine blades, ayo akabatana nerunner. Runner ndiyo chikamu chikuru cheturbine, chakaita sevhiri uye chine ma curved blades akawanda. Sezvo mvura ichiyerera nemuma brades aya, simba re potential uye kinetic remvura rinoshandurwa kuita simba re mechanical muchimiro chekutenderera.
4. Kushanda Nesimba reKinetic: Mvura inoyerera nemuchina wekufambisa inogadzira kumhanya kukuru kwekutenderera uye kushanda zvakanaka kwazvo. Simba rekinetic rinobva mukutenderera uku rinozoendeswa kujenareta kuburikidza nemugodhi.
5. Kufambisa Jenareta: Kutenderera kwemuchina kunoshandiswa kufambisa jenareta inogadzira magetsi. Jenareta iyi inoshandura simba remuchina kuita simba remagetsi rinogona kugoverwa kuburikidza negrid yemagetsi kuti ishandiswe nevatengi.
Kuvaka uye Kugadzira
Maturbine eFrancis anowanzo gadzirwa kuti ashande pamhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemahydraulic heads uye flows, zvichiita kuti akwanise kushandiswa zvakasiyana-siyana. Heano mamwe ezvikamu zvakakosha zve turbine yeFrancis:
– Chivharo: Chinowanzogadzirwa nesimbi yakakandwa kana simbi, chivharo chinodzivirira uye chinotsigira zvikamu zvese zve turbine.
– Runner: Chikamu chikuru cheturbine chinotenderera kuti chifambise jenareta.
- MaVane Anotungamira: MaVane anogadziriswa kudzora kuyerera kwemvura kuenda kumumhanyi.
– Penstock: Pombi hombe inotakura mvura kubva mudura kuenda kuturbine ine simba rakawanda.
– Draft Chubhu: Pombi yekubuditsa mvura ine tapered inobatsira kuderedza kumhanya kwemvura inobva muturbine uye kuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka.
Mabhenefiti aFrancis Turbine
Kushandiswa kweFrancis Turbines mumafekitori emagetsi emvura kunounza mabhenefiti akawanda akakosha zvichienzaniswa nemamwe marudzi ematurbine:
1. Kushanda Nesimba Kwazvo: Maturbine eFrancis anozivikanwa nekushanda kwawo kwepamusoro, anowanzosvika 90% kana kupfuura mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka. Kushanda nesimba uku kunoreva kuti simba rakawanda rinogona kushandurwa kuita magetsi kubva pahuwandu hwega hwega hwemvura inodonha.
2. Kuchinjika Kwekushanda: Turbine iyi inogona kushanda zvakanaka pamusoro penzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzemvura uye mwero wekuyerera, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera mamiriro akasiyana-siyana enzvimbo uye emvura. Kusiyana nematurbine ePelton anonyanya kunaka panzvimbo dzakakwirira dzemvura uye kuyerera kwakaderera, kana maturbine eKaplan akakodzera nzvimbo dzakaderera dzemvura, maturbine eFrancis anogona kushanda zvakanaka mumamiriro ese ari maviri.
3. Dhizaini Yakasimba Uye Yakapfava: Chimiro cheFrancis Turbine chakapfava uye chakasimba, zvichiita kuti kuiswa kuve nyore uye kugadziriswa kuve nyore. Dhizaini iyi inoderedzawo mari yekuvaka nekuisa.
4. Kugona Kutakura Zvinhu Zvinosiyana: Maturbine eFrancis ane kugona kukuru kwekugadzirisa mutoro. Izvi zvinoreva kuti anogona kugadzirisa magetsi nekukurumidza zvichienderana nezvinodiwa negrid, zvichipa kugadzikana kukuru kune system yemagetsi.
5. Kugara kwenguva refu uye Kuvimbika: Zvikamu zve turbine yeFrancis zvinowanzogadzirwa nezvinhu zvemhando yepamusoro zvisingakuvadzi ngura nekusakara. Izvi zvinoita kuti ishande kwenguva refu uye igare kwenguva pfupi uye iwane zvinodiwa zvishoma zvekuchengetedza.
6. Inochengetedza nharaunda: Pamusoro pekushanda kwayo zvakanaka, kushandiswa kweFrancis Turbines mumafekitori emagetsi emvura kunoderedza zvakanyanya kuburitswa kwecarbon nekuti haiburitse magasi egreenhouse panguva yekushanda. Izvi zvinoita kuti ive sarudzo isingakuvadzi nharaunda kana tichienzanisa nemafekitori anoshandiswa nemafuta ekare.
Chidzidzo Chenyaya: Kushandiswa kweFrancis Turbine
Maturbine eFrancis anogona kushandiswa pamatanho akasiyana-siyana, kubva kumafekitori madiki kusvika kumapurojekiti makuru. Muenzaniso wekushandiswa kukuru iThree Gorges Hydroelectric Power Plant (HPP) muChina, imwe yefekitori huru dzemvura pasi rose. Fekitori iyi yemvura inoshandisa huwandu hwakawanda hwematurbine eFrancis, zvichibatsira zvikuru pakukwanisa kwayo kwese kwe22,500 MW.
Matambudziko neMhinduro
Pasinei nezvakanakira zvakawanda, Francis Turbine inosanganawo nematambudziko akawanda ehunyanzvi:
1. Kukukurwa Kwevhu Nengura: Kushanda nguva dzose mumamiriro akasiyana-siyana emvura kunogona kukonzera kukurwa kwevhu nengura pazvikamu zveturbine. Mhinduro yacho inosanganisira kushandisa zvinhu zvinodzivirira mamiriro aya uye kuisa machira ekudzivirira akakosha.
2. Kugadzika kwetsvina: Kuisa tsvina mu penstock uye runner kunogona kuderedza kushanda zvakanaka. Kugadzirisa dambudziko iri kunoda kugadzirwa kwe sedimentation uye sefa system inoshanda, pamwe nekuchenesa nguva dzose.
3. Kudyara Mari Yekutanga Kwakawanda: Kuvaka chigayo chemagetsi chemvura ne turbine yeFrancis kunoda mari yekutanga yakakura. Zvisinei, mari iyi inowanzo deredzwa nemitengo yakaderera yekushanda uye hupenyu hurefu hwechigayo.
Mhedziso
Maturbine eFrancis anoita basa guru mukugadzira magetsi emvura kwenguva refu. Nekushanda zvakanaka, kushanduka-shanduka kwekushanda, uye kugona kubata mvura inoyerera zvakasiyana-siyana, maturbine eFrancis mhinduro yakanaka kune akasiyana-siyana mashandisirwo emagetsi emvura. Matambudziko ekushanda uye mari yekutanga yakawanda inogona kukundwa nekuronga kwakanaka uye manejimendi, zvichiita kuti ive mari inokosha kwenguva refu mukuedza kwenyika dzese kuderedza kuburitswa kwecarbon uye kuvandudza kuchengetedzeka kwesimba. Se tekinoroji yakaedzwa kwenguva refu, maturbine eFrancis anoramba achipa mhinduro yakavimbika uye inoshanda mukutsvaga kwedu remangwana resimba rakachena.
