Basa reMaseseji mukuchengetedza Kuenzana kweMasikirwo Ezvinhu
Kudhonza mvura kunowanzonzwisiswa senzira yehunyanzvi inoshanda kupinza mvura yakasviba kana mvura yemvura kudzivirira mafashamo. Zvisinei, kuvapo kwemigero yekudhonza mvura—kubva kumapombi emvura emunharaunda uye masisitimu ekudhonza mvura mumaguta kusvika kumigero nemigero yekudiridza inoshandawo semigero yekudhonza mvura—kune simba rakananga pahutano hwenzvimbo. Kana yakagadzirwa zvakanaka, ikashandiswa, uye ikachengetwa, migero yekudhonza mvura inogona kubatsira kuchengetedza hunhu hwemvura, kudzivirira kusvibiswa, kuderedza njodzi, uye kutsigira zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana. Zvisinei, kana isingatarisirwi zvakanaka, inogona kuva nzira inokurumidza yekupararira kwezvinosvibisa, zvichikanganisa kuenzana kwezvakatipoteredza.
Nzira dzekubvisa mvura dzinoshandiswa senzira dzekudzivirira kuyerera kwemvura uye kudzivirira mafashamo
Munzvimbo dzinogara vanhu, mvura ndiyo inonyanya kukosha pakuita kuti zvinhu zvipenyu zvirarame: kutakura zvinovaka muviri, kudzora tembiricha, uye kupa pekugara kune zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana. Munzvimbo dzekugara nedzemaguta, shanduko muvhu—dzakadai sekugadzira nekugadzira migwagwa—dzinoderedza kugona kwevhu kunwisa mvura. Izvi zvinoguma nekuwedzera kwemvura inoyerera pamusoro pevhu uye njodzi huru yemafashamo. Apa ndipo panoshanda nzira dzekudonhedza mvura senzira dzekudzora mvura inoyerera, dzichiendesa mvura yemvura nenzira yakatarwa.
Mafashamo haasi nyaya yezvehupfumi nemagariro evanhu chete, asiwo nyaya yezvakatipoteredza. Mafashamo anotakura ivhu, marara, uye makemikari anogona kukanganisa nzvimbo dzemunzizi, kuderedza kunaka kwemvura, uye kukanganisa hupenyu hwehove nezvimwe zvipenyu zvemumvura. Kuyerera kwakakwana kwemvura kunobatsira kuderedza simba remvura inoyerera uye kudzivirira kuumbwa kwemadhaka anova nzvimbo yekuberekera zvirwere. Nokudaro, kudzora kufamba kwemvura kuburikidza nenzira dzemvura ndiyo hwaro hwekuchengetedza kuenzana kwezvakatipoteredza munzvimbo dzakachinja zvakanyanya nekuda kwebasa revanhu.
Kuchengetedza hunhu hwemvura: kubva pakupatsanurwa kwemarara kusvika pakuderedza kusvibiswa
Kuenzana kwenzvimbo dzemumvura kunoenderana zvikuru nehunhu hwemvura. Masisitimu ekudhonza mvura akabatanidzwa nemasisitimu ehutsanana anogona kuparadzanisa mvura yakasviba yemumba neyemaindasitiri nemvura yemvura. Kupatsanurwa uku kwakakosha nekuti kusanganisa marara emumba—akapfuma muzvinhu zvipenyu, sipo, mafuta, uye tupukanana tunokonzera zvirwere—nemvura yemvura yemvura kunokurumidza kusvibisa murwizi nemakungwa. Kana marara emumvura akapinda mumvura asina kurapwa, mabhakitiriya anoora anodya okisijeni yakanyungudutswa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, huwandu hweokisijeni hunoderera uye hupenyu hwemumvura hunogona kufa hwakawanda.
Pakukura kweguta, pfungwa yekubvisa mvura yemazuva ano haisiri yekungo "buritsa mvura nekukurumidza sezvinobvira" asiwo "kutarisira hunhu hwemvura." Mamwe maguta anoshandisa madziva ekuchengetedza mvura, matsime ekupinda mumvura, bioswales, uye minda yemvura, iyo inosefa tsvina uye inoderedza huwandu hwemvura inosvibisa mvura isati yaburitswa mumvura. Maitiro aya anoenderana nenheyo dzezvakatipoteredza: mvura inodzokera kunharaunda inofanira kunge iri pedyo nemamiriro ayo echisikigo sezvinobvira kuchengetedza maitiro akagadzikana ehupenyu nemakemikari.
Kudzora marara uye kudzivirira kukurwa kwevhu
Madhairekitori ane basa guru mukudzora madhairekitori. Madhairekitori akawandisa anogona kuvhara rwizi, kuviga mazai ehove, kuvharira nzvimbo dzinogara tupukanana, uye kuderedza kupinda kwezuva rinodiwa kuti zvirimwa zvemumvura zviite photosynthesis. Kusiyana neizvi, kuyerera kwemvura kwakasimba mumigero isina simba kunogona kukonzera kukurwa kwevhu, kuputsa ivhu uye kutakura zvidimbu zvidiki pasi perwizi.
Migero yakagadzirwa nemateru akakodzera uye ine zvivakwa zvinotora simba (senge mapopoma madiki, madhamu ekuongorora, kana kuchengetedza zvinomera) inogona kudzivirira mwero wekuyerera kwemvura kuti isakuvadze. Nekuderedza kukurwa kwevhu uye kugadzirisa marara, migero yekudonhedza mvura inobatsira kuchengetedza kuchena kwemvura, kugadzikana kwemahombekombe, uye kugara kwenguva refu kwenzvimbo dziri pasi pemvura.
Kutsigira kusiyana-siyana kwezvinhu kuburikidza nenzira dzinoenderana nezvisikwa
Kunyange zvazvo zvingaita sezvisingawanzoitiki, migero yekudonhedza mvura inogona kutsigira zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana kana ikatevedzera nzira yezvisikwa. Migero yekongiri yakatwasuka, yakavharirwa inoshanda zvakanaka, asi inowanzo kanganisa kubatana kwenzvimbo dzekugara uye inokurumidza kuyerera kwemvura, zvichiita kuti mafashamo awedzere. Kusiyana neizvi, migero yakavhurika pamwe chete nemiti, nzvimbo diki dzemumvura, uye madziva emvura anogona kugadzira nzira dzezvakatipoteredza dzezvipembenene, mhuka dzinogara mumvura, shiri, nemiti yemumvura.
Zvirimwa zvakatenderedza migero zvinobatsirawo kunwa zvinovaka muviri zvakawandisa zvakaita senitrogen nephosphorus, izvo zvinogona kukonzera maruva emumvura. Kana algae ikakura isina kudzorwa, okisijeni yakanyungudika inoderera, zvichiita kuti zvinhu zvipenyu zvemumvura zvisawirirane. Zvirimwa zvinoshanda se "sefa mhenyu" inovandudza kunaka kwemvura, inononoka kuyerera, uye inopa pekugara kune zvipenyu.
Kuderedza njodzi yekusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza nezvirwere
Madhireni akavharwa nemarara anowanzova manyuko ematambudziko ezvakatipoteredza uye ehutano. Marara epurasitiki anogona kuora kuita mapurasitiki madiki anopinda mucheni yechikafu. Mvura yakasviba, isingagari inogona kuva nzvimbo yekuberekera umhutu, zvichiwedzera njodzi yezvirwere zvakaita sedengue fever. Uyezve, madhireni akasanganiswa nemarara ane mukana wekuparadzira mabhakitiriya nemavhairasi munzvimbo yakapoteredza, kunyanya panguva yekunaya kwemvura yakawanda.
Kugadzirisa nguva dzose—kubvisa marara, kubvisa marara, kuongorora zvakakuvara, uye kudzora kuraswa kwemarara zvisiri pamutemo—kwakakosha pakushanda kwenzvimbo dzemigero. Kana migero ichishanda zvakanaka, haisi "nzvimbo dzekupedzisira" dzinosvibisa nharaunda, asi chikamu chehurongwa hunochengetedza kuchena uye hutano hwenzvimbo dzemigero.
Mabasa emagariro evanhu nekutonga: nharaunda dzinoda kushandira pamwe
Kuenzana kwezvakatipoteredza hakungoonekwi chete nekugadzirwa kwehunyanzvi, asiwo nekutonga uye maitiro emunharaunda. Nzira zhinji dzekubvisa marara dzinorasikirwa nebasa radzo nekuda kwekurasa marara zvisina tsarukano, kusatarisirwa kwemaindasitiri, uye kushaya hukama pakati pemasangano. Nekuti nzira dzekubvisa marara dzinobatanidza nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana - dzimba, migwagwa, misika, nzvimbo dzemaindasitiri, nzizi - kutyorwa kamwe chete kunogona kuva nemigumisiro yakakura.
Dzidzo yeveruzhinji, kutevedzera mitemo, uye kupa nzvimbo dzakakwana dzekuchengetedza marara netsvina ndizvo zvakakosha. Zvirongwa zvekubatsira nharaunda kuchenesa matsvina, kutarisa hunhu hwemvura, uye kubatanidza nharaunda zvinogona kusimudzira ruzivo nekudzivirira kusvibiswa kwazvinoita. Nekubatsirana, matsvina anogona kutorwa sezvinhu zvekuchengetedza nharaunda, kwete kungoshandiswa sezvivakwa zvisina basa.
Kugadzira zvinhu zvitsva uye nzira dzemangwana: kubva pakudhonza mvura nenzira dzechinyakare kusvika pakudhonza mvura nenzira inochengetedza magariro
Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kuri kuwedzera simba remvura inonaya zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzakawanda, zvichiwedzera kuomesesa masisitimu emvura echinyakare. Nokudaro, nyanzvi dzakawanda dziri kukurudzira kushandiswa kwemvura inoyerera inochengetedza mvura—pfungwa dzinotevedzera nzira yechisikigo yekunwisa nekuchengetedza mvura. Mienzaniso inosanganisira kushandiswa kwenzvimbo dzine maburi, minda inopinzwa mvura, matenga egirinhi, madziva ekuchengetera mvura, uye kuunganidza mvura yemvura. Masisitimu aya haangoderedzi chete kuburitswa kwemafashamo akawanda asiwo anowedzera kupinda kwemvura kuti iwedzere simba remvura yepasi, izvo zvakakosha kuti nharaunda dzepasi dzirambe dzakasimba.
Tekinoroji yekutarisa iri kuchinjawo: masensa emvura, kumepu yenzvimbo dzinosangana nemafashamo, uye masisitimu ekuyambira pakutanga zvinobatsira vatungamiriri kupindura nekukurumidza. Nekubatanidza tekinoroji nemhinduro dzakavakirwa pazvisikwa, mapaipi emvura anogona kushandurwa kuita zvivakwa zvebhuruu-girini zvinochinjika uye zvine hushamwari kune zvakatipoteredza.
Mhedziso
Madhireni anoita basa guru mukuchengetedza kuenzana kwezvakatipoteredza, kunyanya munzvimbo dzatove pasi pekumanikidzwa kubva mumaguta nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Basa rawo rinosanganisira kudzora kuyerera kwemvura kudzivirira mafashamo, kuchengetedza kunaka kwemvura, kugadzirisa madhaka nekukukurwa kwevhu, kutsigira zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana kuburikidza nemiti nenzvimbo dzakasvibira, uye kuderedza njodzi yekusvibiswa nezvirwere. Zvisinei, mabhenefiti aya anogona kuwanikwa chete kana madhireni akagadzirwa zvakanaka, achichengetwa nguva dzose, uye achitarisirwa nehutungamiriri hwakanaka uye nharaunda inobatanidzwa. Pakupedzisira, madhireni haasi nzira dzemvura chete; iwo chikamu chakakosha chezvirongwa zvehupenyu zvinobatsira muhutano kana kusasimba kwezvakatipoteredza.
