Zvikamu Zvikuru zveJenareta muHydroelectric Power Plant uye Mashandiro Ainoita
Zvivako zvemagetsi zvinoshandisa mvura (hydroelectric power plants - PLTA) isimba rinoshanda zvakatipoteredza uye rinogara kwenguva refu. Mukugadzira magetsi, mvura ndiyo nzira huru inofambisa turbine, iyo inozoita kuti jenareta igadzire magetsi. Jenareta ndiyo moyo wechirimwa chemagetsi chinoshandisa mvura, sezvo ndipo panoshandurwa simba remagetsi remvura kuita simba remagetsi rinoshanda. Chinyorwa chino chichakurukura zvikamu zvikuru zvejenareta remagetsi uye mashandiro aro.
1. Stator
Stator chikamu chisina kusimba chejenareta chine ma coil anofambisa magetsi. Stator ndicho chinhu chikuru chinogadzira munda wemagetsi. Chaizvoizvo, stator ine waya dzemhangura dzakatenderedza simbi. Mumajenareta emagetsi emvura, stator inowanzoiswa pafuremu yejenareta uye inoramba isina kusimba panguva yekushanda. Sezvo rotor ichitenderera, simba remagineti rinogara richichinja rinobatanidzwa zvakananga ne stator.
Basa reStator
Stator inoshanda senzira huru yekutsigira kushanda pamwe chete kweminda yemagineti inogadzirwa nerotor. Kana rotor ikatenderera nekukurumidza, minda yemagineti iyi inochinja inokonzera magetsi mumitsetse ye stator, zvichigadzira magetsi anoyerera achienda kugrid remagetsi rekunze.
2.rotor
Rotor ndiyo chikamu chinotenderera chejenareta uye inogona kufungwa nezvayo sechinhu chinoshandura simba remagineti rinodiwa kuti rigadzire magetsi. Rotor inowanzo kuve nemagneti ine simba yakagadzirwa newaya yemhangura yakakomberedza simbi. Sezvo rotor ichitenderera mumunda wemagineti we stator, inogadzira simba remagineti rinogara richichinja, zvichikonzera magetsi mu stator windings.
Basa reRotor
Basa rerotor nderekugadzira simba remagineti rinofamba. Simba remagineti rinogadzirwa nerotor rinofamba-famba nekutenderera, zvichikonzera simba remagetsi mu stator. Maitiro aya, anozivikanwa se electromagnetic induction, ndiwo musimboti wekutanga wekushanda kwejenareta yemagetsi.
3. Sisitimu Yekutonhodza
Chimwe chinhu chakakosha zvakafanana nejenareta sisitimu yekutonhodza. Kana jenareta ichishanda, inogadzira kupisa kwakawanda nekuda kwekukweshana uye magetsi akawanda. Pasina sisitimu yekutonhodza inoshanda, kupisa uku kunogona kukanganisa zvikamu zvemagetsi zvejenareta, kuderedza kushanda zvakanaka, kana kutokonzera kutadza kushanda zvakanaka kwesisitimu.
Basa reSisitimu Yekutonhodza
Sisitimu yekutonhodza inochengetedza tembiricha yekushanda kwejenareta iri padanho rakachengeteka uye rinoshanda zvakanaka. Izvi zvinowanzoitwa nekutenderedza chinotonhodza kana mhepo yakatenderedza zvikamu zvejenareta. Dzimwe nzira dzekutonhodza dzinosanganisira mvura, mafuta, kana sisitimu yekutonhodza. Kutonhodza kwakakodzera kunovimbisa kugara kwenguva refu uye kushanda zvakanaka kwejenareta.
4. Mugodhi weTurbine-Jenareta
Mugodhi wejenareta yeturbine chinhu chinobatanidza turbine yemvura zvakananga kune rotor yejenareta. Sezvo mvura ichiyerera uye ichitenderedza turbine, mugodhi uyu unotumira simba remuchina zvakananga kurotor. Mugodhi uyu unofanirwa kunge wakasimba zvikuru uye uchikwanisa kutsungirira mitoro yakakura yemuchina kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti simba rinotamiswa zvakanaka uye rinoshanda kubva kuturbine kuenda kujenareta.
Basa reMugodhi weTurbine-Generator
Basa guru remugodhi nderekutumira simba kubva kuturbine inofambiswa nemvura kuenda kujenareta rotor. Mugodhi uyu unotenderera nekumhanya kwakatarwa, zvichienderana nekuyerera kwemvura uye dhizaini yeturbine. Kurongeka kwakakodzera uye kugadziriswa kwemugodhi uyu kwakakosha kudzivirira kuzununguka kwakanyanya uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwezvikamu zvakabatana nazvo.
5. Sisitimu Yekudzora Kumhanya
Zvivakwa zvemagetsi zvinoshandisa masisitimu ekudzora kumhanya kuti zvirambe zvichimhanya zvakanaka paturbine nekutenderera kwerotor. Masisitimu aya anowanzo sanganisira kushandiswa kwemagavhuna emagetsi kana emagetsi anodzora kuyerera kwemvura kuenda kuturbine.
Basa reSisitimu Yekudzora Kumhanya
Basa guru rehurongwa uhwu nderekuona kuti kumhanya kwerotor kunoramba kuripo, zvisinei nekusiyana kwekufamba kwemvura kana mutoro wemagetsi unogadzirwa. Kudzora kumhanya kwakakodzera kwakakosha kuve nechokwadi chekuti frequency yemagetsi inogadzirwa inosangana nezvinodiwa negrid yemagetsi, kazhinji 50 Hz kana 60 Hz.
6. Mutongi weVoltage
Chinodzora magetsi mudziyo unoshandiswa kudzora magetsi anobuda kubva mujenareta. Kugadziriswa uku kunodiwa kuchengetedza kunaka kwemagetsi uye kugadzikana kwekufamba kwemagetsi kuenda kune vatengi.
Basa reVoltage Regulator
Chinodzora magetsi chinoshanda nekuchinja huwandu hwemagetsi anoburitswa kurotor. Nekudzora magetsi anoburitswa, chinodzora magetsi chinogona kugadzirisa simba remagineti rinogadzirwa nerotor, izvo zvinozokanganisa magetsi anokonzerwa ne stator. Izvi zvinoita kuti voltage inobuda irambe iri mukati mehuwandu hwaunoda, kunyangwe mutoro wemagetsi uchisiyana.
7. Sisitimu yekudzivirira
Mumajenareta emagetsi emvura, sisitimu yekudzivirira inoshanda kuona mamiriro asina kujairika anogona kuitika, akadai semagetsi akawandisa, magetsi akawandisa, kana kupisa kwakanyanya, uye kutora matanho ekugadzirisa kudzivirira kukuvara.
Basa reSisitimu yeDziviriro
Masisitimu ekudzivirira anosanganisira michina yakaita sema "protective relay", ma "circuit breakers", uye ma "alarm systems". Basa rawo guru nderekuona nekupindura nekukurumidza kune chero kusagadzikana mukushanda kwejenareta. Semuenzaniso, kana tembiricha ikakwira kupfuura muganho wakatarwa, sisitimu yekudzivirira ichavhara jenareta kudzivirira kukuvara kwakawanda.
Mashandiro anoita majenareta emagetsi
1. Kuyerera kweMvura: Maitiro acho anotanga nemvura ichiyerera kubva mudura ichienda kuturbine kuburikidza nepenstock. Mvura iyi inoyerera ine simba rinogona kushandurwa kuita simba remagetsi painoyerera ichidzika.
2. Kutenderera kweTurbine: Mvura ine simba rakawanda inopinda muturbine, zvichiita kuti mashizha eturbine atenderere. Turbine iyi yakagadzirirwa kuvandudza kutamiswa kwesimba kubva mumvura kuenda ku turbine shaft.
3. Kufambiswa kweSimba reMichina: Kutenderera kweturbine kunoendeswa kujenareta rotor kuburikidza neshaft yejenareta yeturbine.
4. Kupinza Magetsi: Rotor painotenderera, inogadzira simba remagineti rinotenderera mukati me stator. Simba remagineti iri rinochinja rinoita kuti magetsi apinde mu copper wire windings mu stator.
5. Kudzora Mavhiri uye Mafambiro: Sisitimu yekutonga mavhiri uye yekudzora kumhanya inoshanda kuona kuti mavhiri uye mapindiro emagetsi anogadzirwa zvakagadzikana zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nenetwork yemagetsi.
6. Kugoverwa Kwemagetsi: Magetsi anogadzirwa kubva mu stator anozoendeswa ku transformer kuti awedzere voltage asati aendeswa ku network yenyika yekugoverwa kwemagetsi kuti ishandiswe nevatengi.
Majenareta emagetsi emvura muenzaniso wakanaka wekuti fizikisi, uinjiniya wemagetsi, uye tekinoroji yemazuva ano zvinogona sei kusangana kuti zvigadzire simba rinogara kwenguva refu uye risingakuvadzi zvakatipoteredza. Kunzwisisa zvikamu zvakakosha uye mashandiro azvo kwakakosha pakuvandudza nekuvandudza tekinoroji iyi uye kugadzirisa matambudziko esimba mune ramangwana.
