Maitiro Ekugadzira Nyoro yeOrchids
MaOrchid anozivikanwa semiti inoshongedza ine runako rwemaruva runoshamisa, asi anowanzoonekwawo se "asina kusimba" ekutarisira. Chimwe chinhu chakakosha chinoratidza hutano nekukwanisa kwemaorchid kutumbuka ifertilizer. Fetereza haisi "vhitamini" chete, asi inzvimbo ine zvinovaka muviri zvinobatsira maorchid kukudziridza midzi yakasimba, mashizha ane hutano, uye maruva anogara kwenguva refu . Zvisinei, nzira yekuisa fetereza kumaorchids yakasiyana neyemiti yakajairika iri muhari nekuti maorchid anowanzo mera akabatana (epiphytic), nzvimbo yawo yekukura ine maburi, uye midzi yawo inonzwa munyu wemafertilizer. Nokudaro, fetereza inofanira kuitwa nechiyero chakakodzera, panguva yakakodzera, uye nenzira chaiyo.
Kunzwisisa zvinodiwa ne orchid zvinovaka muviri
Kazhinji, maorchid anoda macronutrients akadai senitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), uye potassium (K), pamwe chete ne micronutrients dzakadai secalcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, boron, uye zinc. Nitrogen inobatsira mukukura kwemashizha matsva nenhungirwa, phosphorus inotsigira kuumbwa kwemidzi nemaruva, nepo potassium ichibatsira mukutsungirira kwemiti, kunaka kwemaruva, uye simba renyama. Kushaikwa kwezvinovaka muviri kunowanzoonekwa nezviratidzo zvakaita sekunonoka kukura, mashizha akachenuruka, midzi mishoma, kana kuoma kutumbuka. Kusiyana neizvi, fetereza yakawandisa inogona kukonzera misoro yemashizha matema, "kutsva," kwemidzi, uye kukurumidza kuora kwenzvimbo nekuda kwekuunganidza munyu.
Ziva mhando dzefetereza yemaruva eOrchids
Nzira dzekuisa fetereza dzinotanga nekusarudza mhando yakakodzera yefetereza. Kune dzimwe nzira dzakawanda dzefetereza dzinowanzoshandiswa pakurima maorchid :
1. Fetereza yemakemikari (zvisina kuumbwa) inonyungudika mumvura
Inonyanya kushandiswa nekuti inonyudzwa nyore nyore uye huwandu hwemushonga hunogona kudzorwa. Inowanzo wanikwa muchimiro chekristaro kana cheupfu, senge NPK ine mafomura chaiwo.
2. Fetereza yemvura yeorganic
Fetereza yemvura inogona kubatsira kuvandudza mamiriro ekunze uye kuwedzera zvinovaka muviri, asi unofanira kusarudza imwe yakakura zvechokwadi uye isina hwema hwakasimba kuitira kuti isakonzere fungus kana mabhakitiriya.
3. Fetereza inoburitsa zvishoma nezvishoma
Zvakakodzera kune avo Unoda kushanda here? Fetereza iyi inoburitsa zvinovaka muviri zvishoma nezvishoma. Zvisinei, kungwarira kuchiri kudiwa, sezvo hunyoro hwakawanda hunogona kukonzera kuburitswa nekukurumidza kupfuura zvaitarisirwa.
4. Fetereza yakakosha yekukura
Vazhinji vanofarira zvemitambo vanoshandisa NPK ine nitrogen yakawanda (semuenzaniso, 30-10-10) pachikamu chezvirimwa, NPK ine mwero (semuenzaniso, 20-20-20) yekuchengetedza, uye NPK ine phosphorus/potassium yakawanda (semuenzaniso, 10-30-20 kana 6-30-30) kukurudzira maruva. Zvisinei, fomura inosarudzwa inofanira kugadziriswa kuti ienderane nemamiriro echirimwa nenzvimbo yacho.
Nheyo huru: "zvishoma asi kazhinji"
Chikanganiso chinowanzoitika pakuisa maorchid mumufudze ndechekuawedzera mwero netariro yekuti akurumidze kutumbuka . Zvisinei, maorchid anoita zviri nani nefetereza yakasanganiswa nemvura kakawanda. Pfungwa yakajairika ndeyekuti "vhiki nevhiki isashande zvine simba," iyo inosanganisira kuisa fetereza vhiki rega rega nemwero wakaderera. Iyi nzira inoderedza njodzi yekutsva kwemidzi uye inochengetedza huwandu hwezvinovaka muviri hwakagadzikana. Kana ukasarudza kuisa fetereza mavhiki maviri ega ega, mwero unogona kuwedzerwa zvishoma, asi usapfuure mwero.
Maitiro ekugadzira mhinduro dzemafetiraiza
Kana uchishandisa fetereza inonyungudika mumvura, sanganisa mvura zvichienderana nemirayiridzo iri papakeji, wobva waderedza huwandu hwemvura kusvika pachikamu chimwe chete kusvika hafu yehuwandu hwemvura yakajairika, kunyanya yemaruva eorchid ari muhari diki. Shandisa mvura yakachena—kunyanya mvura yemvura, mvura yemutsime isina kuoma zvakanyanya, kana mvura yakagadzikana. Mvura ine "calcareous" yakanyanya inogona kukanganisa kunwa kwezvinovaka muviri uye kukurudzira kuunganidzwa kwemaminerari munzvimbo iyi.
Usati washandisa, kurunga mushonga kusvika wanyungudika zvachose. Kana zvichidikanwa, kurunga kuti ubvise chero tsvina inogona kuvhara muchina wekupfapfaidza. Kune maorchid, kuenderana kwemushonga kwakakosha nekuti midzi yawo inonzwa kuchinja kwehuwandu.
Maitiro ekuisa fetereza: diridza midziyo yemukati, pfapfaidza mashizha, kana kunyikira
Kune nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuisa maokidhi mumufudze, uye imwe neimwe ine chinangwa chayo uye zvayakanakira:
1. Kudiridza zvakananga munzvimbo yekudyara
Iyi ndiyo nzira inonyanya kushandiswa. Mushonga wefetereza unodururwa kusvika musanganiswa wehari wanyorova zvakaenzana uye imwe yacho yobuda mumaburi ehari. Izvi zvinobvumira midzi kunyudza zvinovaka muviri uye kudzivirira munyu kuungana nekuda kwekubuda kwemvura. Iyi nzira yakakodzera kuhari dzine ferns, charcoal, coco chips, kana pine bark mixes.
2. Kupfapfaidza (kudya mashizha) pamashizha nemidzi yemudenga
Nzira yekupfapfaidza inoita kuti ikwanise kunyudza mashizha nekukurumidza, kunyanya micronutrients. Pfapfaidza zvishoma pasi pemashizha (uko stomata yakawanda) uye pamidzi yemudenga. Zvisinei, dzivisai kuti mvura iungane mumashizha, sezvo izvi zvinogona kukonzera kuora. Kupfapfaidza kunofanira kuitwa mangwanani kuti kuome nekukurumidza.
3. Kunyika muhari
Nyika poto mumushonga wefetereza kwemaminitsi mashanu kusvika gumi nemashanu, wobva waidurura. Nzira iyi inoshanda kune zvinhu zvinowanzoomera kunyorovesa zvakaenzana. Zvisinei, dzivisa kusiya musanganiswa wepoto wakanyorova kwenguva yakareba, sezvo nzvimbo dzakanyorova zvakanyanya dzinogona kukonzera kuora kwemidzi, kunyanya mumaorchid anoda mhepo yakawanda.
Nguva yakanakisisa yekudiridza ma orchids
Nguva yekuisira fetereza inokanganisa zvikuru goho. Zvakanaka, kuisa fetereza kunoitwa mangwanani kana tembiricha ichiri kutonhora uye zvirimwa zvagadzirira photosynthesis. Dzivisa kuisa fetereza panguva yekupisa kwezuva, sezvo mvura inokurumidza kupwa uye inogona kukonzera mavanga emashizha. Dzivisa kuisa fetereza husiku, sezvo hunyoro hwakawanda uye kuoma zvishoma nezvishoma zvinogona kukonzera chirwere.
Pamusoro pezvo, nyatsocherechedza mamiriro echirimwa. Maorchid ari kukura (midzi mitsva kana mashizha) anopindura zviri nani kufetiraiza. Kusiyana neizvi, maorchid achangobva kusimwa, ane dambudziko, kana kuti ari kurwara, anofanira kutanga agadziriswa: kunatsiridza kudiridza, chiedza, uye kutenderera kwemhepo, wozotanga kuisa fetereza zvishoma nezvishoma nedoro rakapfava.
Kugeza: kushambidza munyu wefetereza nguva nenguva
Imwe nzira inokosha inowanzoregeredzwa ndeyekusuka midziyo yemukati. Mavhiki matatu kusvika mana ega ega (kana kakawanda kana uchiisa fetereza nguva dzose), suka midziyo yemukati nemvura yakachena yakawanda kusvika mvura yayerera zvakasununguka kubva pasi pehari. Izvi zvinobvisa munyu wefetereza unogona kudzivirira kunyudzwa kwemidzi. Zviratidzo zvemidziyo yemukati "ine munyu" zvinowanzoonekwa seganda jena pamusoro pemidziyo yemukati kana muhari, pamwe nemidzi yakasviba.
Kugadziriswa kwembeu zvichibva padanho
Kuti zvive zvakanyanya kunangwa, kuberekesa kunogona kugadziriswa zvichienderana nechikamu chekukura:
– Danho remuriwo (kukura kwemashizha nemidzi): shandisa fetereza ine nitrogen yakawanda, asi ramba wakadzika.
– Kuumbwa kwedzinde/mabukira emaruva: kuderedza nitrogen, kuwedzera phosphorus nepotassium zvishoma nezvishoma.
– Kutumbuka kwemaruva: Dzivisai fetereza yenitrogen yakawanda kudzivirira kudonha kwemaruva nguva isati yakwana. Tarisai pane potassium ne micronutrients kuti muve neruvara rwakanaka uye kuti maruva agare kwenguva refu.
– Nguva yekuzorora (mamwe marudzi eorchids): kuderedza kuwanda kwefetereza, kungochengetedza zvishoma.
Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti haasi maorchid ese ane "nguva yekuzorora" yakasiyana. Semuenzaniso, mamwe maDendrobium angada maitiro akasiyana ekutarisira nePhalaenopsis kana Cattleyas. Saka, ziva rudzi rweorchid yauri kutarisira.
Zvikanganiso zvekudzivisa
Zvimwe zvikanganiso zvinowanzo itika pakuberekesa maruva zvinokonzera matambudziko eorchid zvinosanganisira: kuisa fetereza yakawanda, kuisa fetereza kana chinhu chacho chaoma wobva waisa dose yakawanda ipapo ipapo (zvakachengeteka kutanga wanyorovesa), kubvumira kuti mushonga uungane pamusoro pemashizha, uye kuramba uchiisa fetereza pasina kusukurudza. Uyezve, kuisa fetereza hakuzoshandi kana pasina chiedza chakakwana, kuora kwemidzi, kana chinhu chacho chiri kuora. Fetereza chinhu chinowedzera, kwete chinotsiva kutarisirwa kwekutanga.
Penutup
Kuisa fetereza mumaokidhi kunoda kunyatsorongeka, asi hazvidi kuti zvive zvakaoma. Chinhu chikuru kusarudza mhando chaiyo yefetireza, kuishandisa muzvikamu zvishoma asi zvinoenderana, uchishandisa nzira dzakachengeteka dzekuisa fetereza (kudiridza, kupfapfaidza, kana kunyudza), kungwarira nguva yekuisa fetereza, uye kusukurudza munyu nguva dzose. Nehunyanzvi hwakakodzera, maokidhi achakura zvakanaka, ave nemidzi inoshanda, mashizha matsva egirini, uye pakupedzisira anobereka maruva akanaka, anogara kwenguva refu. Kana iwe uchigara uchitarisa maitiro emiti yako, kuisa fetereza kuchava chombo chako chikuru mukukurudzira maokidhi kuti atumbuke nguva dzose kumba.
