Nzvimbo yeIndonesia yakavakirwa panguva
Indonesia inozivikanwa senyika yakakura kwazvo pasi rose ine makomo egungwa. Inotambanuka zviuru zvemakiromita kubva kumadokero kuenda kumabvazuva, ichiyambuka equator, uye yakakomberedzwa nemakungwa maviri nemakondinendi maviri. Imwe yenzira dziri nyore dzekunzwisisa nzvimbo yakakura yeIndonesia ndeyekupfuura nenguva dzayo. Nguva dzinopfuura wachi chete; dzinoratidza nzvimbo, hukama pakati pezvitsuwa, maitiro ehupfumi, uye kunyange mafambiro emagariro evanhu. Nekuona Indonesia kuburikidza nemaonero enguva, tinogona kuwana kunzwisisa kwakawanda kwenzvimbo yayo: kubva kuzvitsuwa zvekumadokero zviri pedyo neAsia kusvika kunzvimbo dzekumabvazuva dzakatarisana zvakananga nePacific.
Sei Indonesia ine nzvimbo nhatu dzenguva?
Nzvimbo dzenguva dzinonyanya kutsanangurwa ne longitude . Nyika inotenderera 360° mumaawa makumi maviri nemana, saka 15° yega yega ye longitude inomiririra mutsauko weawa imwe chete. Nekuti Indonesia inotambanuka kure kubva kumadokero kuenda kumabvazuva, nzvimbo imwe chete yenguva yaizogadzira mutsauko usiri wemazuva ese pakati pehusiku nemasikati mune dzimwe nzvimbo. Fungidzira dai Papua yakashandisa wachi imwechete neAceh: zuva raigona kubuda "kumberi kwazvo" kumabvazuva kana "kunonoka" kumadokero. Naizvozvo, Indonesia inoshandisa nzvimbo nhatu huru dzenguva:
1. Nguva yekuMadokero yeIndonesia (WIB): UTC+7
2. Nguva yeCentral Indonesian (WITA): UTC+8
3. Nguva yeEastern Indonesian (WIT): UTC+9
Chikamu ichi chinoita kuti mabasa ezuva nezuva—echikoro, ebasa, ekufambisa, uye kunyange eterevhizheni—aenderane zvakanyanya nenzvimbo yezuva munzvimbo imwe neimwe.
Nzvimbo yeWIB (UTC+7): Kumadokero kweIndonesia senzvimbo ine huwandu hwevanhu vakawanda
Indonesian West Java (WIB) inofukidza dunhu rekumadokero zvakanyanya uye iri pedyo neSoutheast Asia. Matunhu makuru nezvitsuwa zviri muWIB zvinosanganisira Sumatra, Java, Madura, uye West neCentral Kalimantan. Dunhu iri ndiro rine ruzhinji rwevanhu vemuIndonesia, kunyanya nekuti Java ndiyo nzvimbo huru yehurumende nehupfumi.
Panzvimbo, dunhu reWIB rine zvinhu zvakakosha zvakawanda:
– Sumatra inotangira kuAceh kuenda kuLampung, neBukit Barisan Mountains se "musana" wechitsuwa ichi. Nzvimbo zhinji dzeSumatra dzine masango emvura, nzvimbo dzine peat, uye nzvimbo yakaderera Kuvapo kweStrait of Malacca kumabvazuva kweSumatra kunoitawo kuti dunhu iri rive nzira yekutengeserana nedzimwe nyika.
– Java inozivikanwa nekuputika kwayo kwakatevedzana, izvo zvinogadzira ivhu rakaorera, zvichitsigira kurima kwakawanda. Kuwanda kwevanhu kwayo kwakaita kuti maguta akurumidze kukura uye kukura kwemaguta, kunyanya muJakarta, Bandung, Semarang, Yogyakarta, neSurabaya.
– Kumadokero nepakati peKalimantan kune masango emunzvimbo dzinopisa, nzizi hombe, nenzvimbo dzine madhaka nepeat. Nzizi dzakadai seKapuas neBarito dzinoshanda senzira dzechinyakare dzekufambisa uye dzinotsigira raramo yevanhu vemunharaunda.
Panyaya yenzvimbo dzenguva, WIB inowanzo shandiswa se "reference yenyika" nekuti nzvimbo yehurumende iri muJakarta. Mapurogiramu mazhinji enyika akanyorwa muWIB, uye matunhu ari muWITA/WIT anofanira kuchinjika zvichienderana nenguva.
Nzvimbo yeWITA (UTC+8): zambuko renzvimbo yepakati peIndonesia
WITA inovhara nzvimbo yeIndonesia "yepakati" yakasiyana-siyana: Bali, West Nusa Tenggara, East Nusa Tenggara, yese yeSulawesi, pamwe neEast Kalimantan, South Kalimantan, uye North Kalimantan. Nenzvimbo, dunhu reWITA rinoshanda sebhiriji pakati pe "Western Indonesia ine vanhu vakawanda" uye "ine vanhu vashoma Eastern Indonesia."
Hunhu hwenzvimbo hweWITA hunoonekwa zvakajeka kuburikidza nenzvimbo huru dzinoverengeka:
- Sulawesi ine chimiro chechitsuwa chakasiyana chine mapeninsula akati wandei. Makomo anoparadzanisa nzvimbo dzakawanda, zvichiita kuti pave nekusiyana. mamiriro ekunze emunharaunda uye nharaunda. Sulawesi inozivikanwawo nezviwanikwa zvayo zvemugungwa—Tomini Bay, Banda Sea, neMakassar Strait imvura dzakakosha pakubata hove nekufambisa ngarava.
– Bali neNusa Tenggara zvinoratidza kuchinja kwenzvimbo kubva pakunyorova kuenda pakuoma. Nzvimbo zhinji dzeNusa Tenggara (kunyanya NTT) dzinosangana nemwaka wemvura wakareba, zvichikanganisa maitiro ekurima uye kuwanikwa kwemvura. Zvisinei, mukana wekushanya — mahombekombe, tsika, nemapaki enyika — wakanyanya kuoneka.
– Kumabvazuva, Kuchamhembe, neKuchamhembe kweKalimantan zvine zviwanikwa zvakawanda zvechisikigo, kusanganisira migodhi nemasango. Nzvimbo yazvo yakatarisana neMakassar Strait inoita kuti zvive zvakakosha pakubatana kwegungwa pakati peJava neSulawesi.
Nekuti WITA iri pamberi peWIB neawa imwe, mabasa ehupfumi nekufambisa anowanzoda kurongeka. Ndege dzinobva kuJakarta kuenda kuMakassar, semuenzaniso, dzinoda kunzwisisa musiyano wenguva kuti dzisavhiringidzike maererano nenguva dzekusvika.
Nzvimbo yeWIT (UTC+9): Kumabvazuva kweIndonesia kwakatarisana nePacific
WIT inofukidza matunhu ekumabvazuva eIndonesia: Maluku nePapua (kusanganisira West Papua nemapurovhinzi ePapua Island). Panyaya yenzvimbo, dunhu iri rinozivikanwa nenzvimbo dzaro dzinoshamisa, zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana, uye kazhinji daro rakaoma pakati pezvitsuwa nemaguta.
Hunhu hwenzvimbo yeWIT hunosanganisira:
– Zvitsuwa zveMaluku zvine zvitsuwa zvakawanda, zvine nhoroondo refu se "zvitsuwa zvezvinonhuwira." Nzvimbo yezvitsuwa izvi inoita kuti kutakurwa kwegungwa kuve kwakakosha. Uyezve, mvura yeMaluku chikamu chenzvimbo ine zvipenyu zvakawanda zvegungwa.
– Papua ine makomo marefu, kusanganisira makomo eJayawijaya, ane makomo akati wandei akambofukidzwa nesinou. Kune rumwe rutivi, Papua inewo nzvimbo dzakadzika dzakakura nemadhamu kumaodzanyemba. Nzvimbo iyi yakaoma inokanganisa kupararira kwevanhu, kuvandudzwa kwezvivakwa, uye kuwanikwa kwemabasa everuzhinji.
- Panyaya yenzvimbo, dunhu reWIT riri pedyo nePacific, uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzehupfumi nedzekuchengetedza, kutarisisa gungwa kumabvazuva kwakakosha.
Nemusiyano wenguva yemaawa maviri pamberi peWIB (Nguva yeWestern Indonesian), matunhu eWIT anowanzoona "nguva yekushamwaridzana isina kurongeka" kana ichitevera zvirongwa zvenyika zvichibva paWIB. Semuenzaniso, mapurogiramu eterevhizheni enyika emanheru anogona kunzwa kunge ari gare gare manheru kuvanhu vemuPapua kupfuura muJakarta.
Nzvimbo dzenguva sechiratidzo chekubatana uye zviitiko zvehupfumi
Nzvimbo nhatu dzenguva dzinoratidzawo maitiro ekubatana kweIndonesia. Nzvimbo dzakawanda dzehupfumi dziri muWestern Indonesian Time (Jakarta, Surabaya, neMedan), nepo Central Indonesian Time (WITA) ine nzvimbo dzakakosha dzakadai seMakassar neDenpasar, uye Eastern Indonesian Time (WIT) iri kukura nemaguta akadai seAmbon, Sorong, neJayapura, pamwe nenzvimbo dzemigodhi nemafuta negasi munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana.
Nzvimbo dzenguva dzinokanganisa zvinhu zvakaita se:
- Kutengeserana nebhizinesi: misangano yepamhepo pakati pematunhu inoda kuronga nguva kunotora mutsauko wenguva.
– Kutakurwa: hurongwa hwengarava nendege hunofanira kushandisa nguva yenzvimbo iyoyo kudzivirira kutsanangurwa zvisizvo.
– Dzidzo nehutungamiriri: zviitiko zvenyika (bvunzo, sarudzo, kana zviziviso) zvinowanzoita kuti pave nehurukuro pamusoro penguva yakakodzera yevatori vechikamu paWIT.
– Mararamiro: nguva yekubuda kwezuva nenguva yekunyura kwezuva dzakasiyana, zvichiumba maitiro ekushanda, kunamata uye zviitiko zvemusika.
Kunzwisisa Indonesia kuburikidza nemawachi, kunzwisisa wachi kuburikidza nejogirafi
Kuona Indonesia nekutarisa nguva kunotibatsira kunzwisisa kuti Indonesia haisi "zvitsuwa zvakawanda" chete, asiwo inzvimbo yakakura uye ine zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana. Kubva kuWestern Indonesian Time (WIB) ine vanhu vakawanda inoshanda senzvimbo yekutonga, kusvika kuWITA (WITA) iri pakati inoshanda senzvimbo huru, kusvika kuWIT (WIT) ine zviwanikwa zvakawanda uye yakasiyana-siyana, nzvimbo yega yega yenguva inoratidza nzvimbo yayo yakasiyana uye matambudziko ebudiriro.
Pakupedzisira, nzvimbo dzenguva ndeimwe yenzira dzinonyatsooneka dzekunzwisisa kukura kweIndonesia: ingotarisa wachi, uye tinoyeuchidzwa kuti nyika yakakura, yakasiyana-siyana, uye inoda kurongeka kwakanyatsonaka kuti dunhu rese rirambe richifamba zvakanaka, kunyangwe zuva richibuda panguva dzakasiyana.
