Maphunziro Oyambira a Fiziki

1. Nthawi ya kusagwira ntchito bwino kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono

Unikani tinthu tozungulira. Tinthu tomwe tili ndi kulemera kwa m timapatsidwa mphamvu ya F kuti tinthuto tizizungulira mozungulira mzere wa O. Tinthuto tili r kutali ndi mzere wozungulira. Choyamba, tinthuto timakhala pampando (v = 0). Tikasuntha ndi mphamvu ya F, tinthuto timayenda ndi liwiro linalake kuti tinthuto tizikhala ndi kuthamanga kwa tangential. Ubale pakati pa mphamvu (F), kulemera (m), ndi kuthamanga kwa tangential kwa tinthuto umafotokozedwa ndi equation 3:

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Tanthauzo la Mphamvu yamagetsi

Mu conductor monga mkuwa, pali ma elekitironi omwe amayenda mwachisawawa pa liwiro lalikulu koma satuluka mu chitsulocho. Ma elekitironi omwe amatha kuyenda momasuka amatchedwa ma elekitironi aulere. Ngakhale ma elekitironi amayenda momasuka mbali zonse, palibe kuyenda konse kwa ma elekitironi mbali ina. Izi zimachitika pamene palibe kusiyana komwe kungachitike pakati pa malekezero awiri a waya wamkuwa.

Pamene waya walumikizidwa ku gwero lamagetsi, kusiyana komwe kungachitike kumachitika pakati pa malekezero awiri a waya wamkuwa, kotero kuti gawo lamagetsi limawonekera mkati mwa waya wamkuwa. Kukhalapo kwa gawo lamagetsi kumapangitsa ma elekitironi aulere kuti amve mphamvu yamagetsi F = q E = e E, komwe F = mphamvu yamagetsi, e = mphamvu ya ma elekitironi, E = munda wamagetsiMphamvu yamagetsi iyi imapangitsa ma elekitironi onse omwe akuyenda momasuka kuti ayende limodzi, komwe kuli mbali imodzi ndi mphamvu yamagetsi.

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Nkhani yokhudza Tanthauzo la capacitor

Tanthauzo la capacitor ndi chipangizo chomwe chimasunga mphamvu zamagetsi ndi mphamvu zamagetsi. Capacitor yosavuta imakhala ndi mbale ziwiri kapena mapepala oyendetsera magetsi omwe amayikidwa pafupi koma osakhudzana ndipo amalekanitsidwa ndi chotetezera magetsi kapena vacuum. Ma conductor ndi zinthu zomwe zimatha kuyendetsa magetsi monga zitsulo, pomwe zotetezera magetsi ndi zinthu zomwe sizingathe kuyendetsa magetsi monga pulasitiki.

Poyamba, ma conductor awiriwa sali ndi mphamvu zamagetsi kapena magetsi. Kuti conductor mmodzi akhale ndi mphamvu zabwino ndipo conductor wina akhale ndi mphamvu zoipa, payenera kukhala kusamutsa ma elekitironi kuchokera ku conductor wina kupita ku wina. Ma elekitironi ali pamwamba pa atomu, kotero ndi osavuta kusuntha. Pambuyo poti elekitironi yasamuka kuchoka ku conductor wina kupita ku wina, conductor mmodzi amakhala ndi mphamvu yochulukirapo. ma electron (kusowa kwa ma protoni)

kotero kuti imakhala ndi chaji yoipa, pomwe kondakitala winayo ali ndi vuto la electron (proton yochulukirapo) kotero kuti imakhala ndi chaji yabwino. Kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane za njira yolipirira magetsi pa ma capacitor kwawunikidwanso pankhani yosungira mphamvu zamagetsi mu ma capacitor.

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Tanthauzo la mphamvu yamagetsi

Mphamvu yamagetsi imatanthauzidwa ngati mphamvu zamagetsi pa chiwongola dzanja chilichonse. Tangoganizani kuti pamene ili pa mfundo a, chongola dzanja q chili ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yofanana ndi EP_a, ndiye kuti mphamvu yamagetsi pamalo a imapangidwa motere:

V = mphamvu yamagetsi, EP = mphamvu yamagetsi, q = mphamvu yamagetsi

V si pa mfundo a yokha komanso pa mfundo zonse mu munda wamagetsi. Mfundo a imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chitsanzo. Monga momwe tidzafotokozera pambuyo pake, V sichidalira mtengo wa q.

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Article about the Electric potential energy

Before studying this topic, first understand work, the conservative forces, the relationship between the conservative forces with kuthekera mphamvu, ndi electric forces and the electric field.

Electric force is the conservative forces

In addition to the gravitational force and spring force, the other example of the conservative force is the electric force. To better understand why the electric force is called the conservative force, understand the following explanation.

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Article about Determining the electric field using Gauss law

Munda wamagetsi by a single point charge

To calculate the electric field produced by a single positive charge, the first step is to select the spherical Gauss surface with radius r where the center of the sphere is at the single charge. The surface area of the ball is 4πr².

The electric field coming out of the center of the sphere penetrates perpendicular to the surface of the sphere so that the formula of electric flux is Φ = E A. The formula of the Gauss’s law is Φ = Q/ε_o

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Article about Gauss law

Ponena za Lamulo la Coulomb, the force between electric charges has been studied. In a review of the electric field, another form of Coulomb’s law has been discussed, which is expressed by the equation F = q E,

where F is the electric force, q is the electric charge and E is the electric field. It can be said that Coulomb’s law is a law of physics that explains the relationship between the electric charge (q) and the electric field (E).

Gauss’s law is another physics law that explains the relationship between the electric charges and the electric fields. Gauss’s law was formulated by Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855), a German theoretical physicist and mathematician.

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Tanthauzo la kayendedwe ka magetsi

Ponena za gawo lamagetsi, takambirana tanthauzo ndi equation ya munda wamagetsi zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwerengera mphamvu yamagetsi yopangidwa ndi chaji yamagetsi, ma chaji angapo amagetsi kapena kugawa kwa chaji yamagetsi. Kuwerengera mphamvu yamagetsi yopangidwa ndi chaji yamagetsi kapena ma chaji awiri amagetsi kumathetsedwa mosavuta pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya mphamvu yamagetsi. Ngati zomwe zimawerengedwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yopangidwa ndi kugawa kwa chaji yamagetsi, kuwerengera kumakhala kovuta kwambiri ngati njira yamphamvu yamagetsi yogwiritsidwa ntchito, koma ndi yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Lamulo la GaussMusanaphunzire mozama za lamulo la Gauss, choyamba mvetsetsani kuti mphamvu yamagetsi imatuluka chifukwa cha lingaliro la mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu lamulo la Gauss.

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Nkhani yokhudza gawo lamagetsi

Pankhani ya mphamvu yamagetsi, zidapezeka kuti mphamvu zofanana zimatsutsana, pomwe mphamvu zosiyana zimakopana. Ngati chinthu chodzaza bwino chayandikira chinthu chodzaza bwino, zinthu ziwirizi zimakokana kuti ziyende limodzi. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ngati chinthu chodzaza bwino chayandikira chinthu chodzaza bwino, ndiye kuti zinthu ziwirizi zimatsutsana kuti zisiyane. Monga momwe taphunzirira pa nkhani ya lamulo la Coulomb, zinthu zodzaza ndi mphamvu yamagetsi zimatha kufulumizitsa zinthu zina zodzaza ndi mphamvu yamagetsi chifukwa pali mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imagwira ntchito pakati pa zinthu zodzaza ndi mphamvu yamagetsizi. Mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chinthu chodzaza ndi mphamvu yamagetsi pazinthu zina zodzaza ndi mphamvu yamagetsi ndi chitsanzo chimodzi cha mphamvu yomwe ingachite popanda kukhudzana. Chitsanzo china cha mphamvu yomwe ingachite pa mtunda ndi mphamvu yokokaMphamvu yokoka imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chinthu cholemera pa zinthu zina zolemera.

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