Tanthauzo la kayendedwe ka magetsi
Ponena za gawo lamagetsi, takambirana tanthauzo ndi equation ya gawo lamagetsi lomwe lingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwerengera mphamvu yamagetsi yopangidwa ndi chaji yamagetsi, ma chaji angapo amagetsi kapena kugawa kwa chaji yamagetsi. Kuwerengera mphamvu yamagetsi yopangidwa ndi chaji yamagetsi kapena ma chaji awiri amagetsi kumathetsedwa mosavuta pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya mphamvu yamagetsi. Ngati chomwe chikuwerengedwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yopangidwa ndi kugawa kwa chaji yamagetsi, kuwerengera kumakhala kovuta kwambiri ngati njira yamphamvu yamagetsi yogwiritsidwa ntchito, koma ndikosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito lamulo la Gauss . Musanaphunzire mozama lamulo la Gauss, choyamba mvetsetsani kusuntha kwamagetsi chifukwa cha lingaliro la kusuntha kwamagetsi komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mu lamulo la Gauss.
Mawu akuti flux amachokera ku liwu la Chilatini, fluere, lomwe limatanthauza kuyenda. Kuthamanga kwa magetsi kungatanthauzidwe ngati kuyenda kwa magetsi. Mawu akuti flow pano sakusonyeza munda wamagetsi womwe ukuyenda ngati madzi oyenda, koma amafotokoza kukhalapo kwa munda wamagetsi womwe umatsogolera ku mbali inayake. Ponena za mizere yamagetsi, zafotokozedwa kuti munda wamagetsi umawonetsedwa kapena kujambulidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mizere yamagetsi, ndipo chifukwa chake ma flux amagetsi amafotokozedwanso ngati mizere yamagetsi. Chifukwa chake flux yamagetsi ndi mzere wamagetsi womwe umadutsa pamalo enaake, monga momwe zasonyezedwera pachithunzi pansipa.
Equation ya flux yamagetsi
Mwa masamu, kutuluka kwa magetsi ndi chinthu chomwe chimachokera ku gawo lamagetsi (E), malo ozungulira (A) ndi cosine ya ngodya pakati pa mzere wa gawo lamagetsi ndi mzere wamba womwe uli wolunjika pamwamba.
F = EA cos θ ………………. (Equation 1)
Ngati mizere yamagetsi ili yolunjika pamalo omwe imadutsa monga momwe zilili pachithunzichi, ndiye kuti ngodya pakati pa mzere wamagetsi ndi mzere wabwinobwino ndi 0 o , pomwe cos 0 o = 1. Chifukwa chake, njira yamagetsi imasintha kukhala:
F = EA chifukwa 0o = EA (1)
F = EA …………. (Chiyerekezo 2)
Kutengera ndi fomula, mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ili pamwambapa imatsiriza zinthu zingapo. Choyamba, mphamvu yamagetsi imakhala yayikulu kwambiri pamene mzere wamagetsi uli wolunjika kudera la pamwamba chifukwa pankhaniyi ngodya pakati pa mzere wamagetsi ndi mzere wabwinobwino ndi 0o, pomwe cosine 0o ndi 1. Chachiwiri, mphamvu yamagetsi imakhala yocheperako pamene mzere wamagetsi uli wofanana ndi dera la pamwamba chifukwa pankhaniyi ngodya pakati pa mzere wamagetsi ndi mzere wabwinobwino ndi 90 o , pomwe cosine 90 o ndi 0. Chachitatu, mphamvu yamagetsi imadalira mphamvu yamagetsi (E) ndi dera la pamwamba (A). Kuphatikiza pa malo ozungulira ngati sikweya monga momwe zilili pachitsanzo pamwambapa, malo ozungulira amathanso kukhala ozungulira ndi ena.
Kutuluka kwa magetsi pamalo otsekedwa
Mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe yafotokozedwa kale ikugwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha malo otseguka (malo ozungulira kapena amakona anayi). Kodi ma flux amagetsi amatuluka bwanji pamalo otsekedwa monga ma cubes, ma beams, kapena mipira? Tiyerekeze kuti pali mizere yamagetsi yomwe imadutsa mu beam, monga momwe tawonetsera pansipa.
Mizere yamagetsi yomwe ili ndi utoto wabuluu imagwirizana ndi pamwamba ndi pansi pa mtanda kotero kuti imapanga ngodya ya 90o ndi mzere wabwinobwino wa pamwamba ndi pansi. Motero, mphamvu yamagetsi pamwamba ndi pansi pa mtanda ndi F = EA cos 90o = EA (0) = 0.
Mizere yamagetsi yomwe imapatsidwa mtundu wachikasu imagwirizana ndi mbali zakumanja ndi zakumanzere za mtanda kotero kuti imapanga ngodya ya 90 o ndi mzere wabwinobwino wa mbali zakumanzere ndi zakumanja. Chifukwa chake, kutuluka kwamagetsi kumbali yakumanja ndi yakumanzere kwa mtanda ndi F = EA cos 90 o = EA (0) = 0.
Mizere yamagetsi imapatsidwa mawonekedwe ofiira opingasa kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa mtanda kuti apange ngodya ya 0 o ndi mzere wabwinobwino wa kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo. Chifukwa chake, kutuluka kwamagetsi ndi F = EA cos 0 o = EA (1) = E A.
Pa chithunzi pamwambapa, mizere yofiira yooneka bwino ya magetsi imalowa mu chitsulo kenako n’kutuluka mu chitsulocho. Pamene mizere ya magetsi imalowa mu chitsulocho ngati kuti pali charge yoyipa mkati mwa chitsulocho, flux yamagetsi imakhala yoyipa. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, pamene mizere ya magetsi imachoka mu chitsulocho ngati kuti pali charge yoyipa mkati mwa chitsulocho, flux yamagetsi imakhala yoyipa. Mwachidule, ngati chiwerengero cha mizere yamagetsi yomwe imalowa mu chitsulocho ndi chofanana ndi chiwerengero cha mizere yamagetsi yomwe imatuluka mu chitsulocho, flux yamagetsi yomwe imatuluka ndi zero. Mwachidule, flux yamagetsi yomwe imadutsa mu chitsulocho imawerengedwa motere: flux yamagetsi yomwe ikubwera = F 1 = – EA cos 0 o = – EA (1) = -EA ndipo flux yamagetsi yotuluka = F 2 = + EA cos 0 o = + EA (1) = + E A. flux yonse yamagetsi ndi F = – F 1 + F 2 = -EA + EA = 0.
Kutengera ndi mawerengedwe omwe ali pamwambapa, zidatsimikizika kuti mphamvu yonse yamagetsi yomwe imadutsa mumzere monga momwe zilili pachithunzi pamwambapa ndi zero. Tinganene kuti mphamvu yonse yamagetsi ndi zero chifukwa palibe mphamvu yamagetsi mumzere. Chifukwa chake ngati palibe mphamvu yamagetsi pamalo otsekedwa monga ma beam, ma cubes, ma sphere, ndi zina zotero, mphamvu yonse yamagetsi ndi zero. Nanga bwanji ngati pali mphamvu yamagetsi pamalo otsekedwa?
Tiyerekeze kuti pali mphamvu yamagetsi pakati pa mpira, monga momwe chithunzi chili m'mbali chikusonyezera. Mizere inayi ya mphamvu yamagetsi ikufotokozedwa kuti ikuyimira mizere ya mphamvu zina zamagetsi zomwe zimachoka pakati pa mpirawo molunjika kupita pamwamba pa mpirawo. Mzere uliwonse ndi wolunjika pamwamba pa mpirawo, womwe umapanga ngodya ya 0.o ndi mzere wabwinobwino wolunjika pamwamba pa mpira.
Kutuluka kwa magetsi pa mpira: Φ = E A.
Fomula ya mphamvu yamagetsi ndi E = kq / r 2 , ndipo equation ya malo ozungulira ndi A = 4 pr 2 kotero kuti fomula yamagetsi imasintha kukhala:
Ngati mphamvu pakati pa mpira ndi + 2Q, ndiye kuti mphamvu yamagetsi pa mpira ndi
Kutengera ndi njira yoyendetsera magetsi, zatsimikiziridwa kuti ngati pali mphamvu yamagetsi pamwamba pa chozungulira chotsekedwa,
Mtengo wa mphamvu yamagetsi pa mpira sudalira kukula kapena utali wa mpirawo. Kukula kwa mphamvu yamagetsi ndi 4πk kuposa mphamvu yonse yamagetsi mu mpirawo, kapena 1/ε o nthawi ya mphamvu yonse yamagetsi mu mpirawo.
Chigawo cha magetsi othamanga
Fomula yoyambira ya ma elekitiroma ndi F = EA, pomwe E ndiye mphamvu ya ma elekitiroma ndipo A ndiye malo ozungulira. Gawo la ma elekitiroma ndi Newton pa Coulomb (N/C), ndipo gawo la malo ozungulira ndi mita ya sikweya (m 2 ) kotero kuti gawo la ma elekitiroma ndi mita ya sikweya ya Newton pa Coulomb (Nm 2 /C).
