Nkhani yokhudza mphamvu zamagetsi
Musanaphunzire nkhaniyi, choyamba mvetsetsani ntchito, mphamvu zosungira, ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa mphamvu zosungira ndi mphamvu zomwe zingatheke , mphamvu zamagetsi ndi gawo lamagetsi.
Mphamvu yamagetsi ndi mphamvu yosunga malamulo
Kuwonjezera pa mphamvu yokoka ndi mphamvu ya masika, chitsanzo china cha mphamvu yosunga zinthu zakale ndi mphamvu yamagetsi. Kuti mumvetse bwino chifukwa chake mphamvu yamagetsi imatchedwa mphamvu yosunga zinthu zakale, mvetsetsani kufotokozera kumeneku.
Tiyerekeze kuti pali ma plate awiri odzazidwa ndi magetsi monga momwe zasonyezedwera pachithunzichi, plate yakumanzere ili ndi positive charge, ndipo plate yakumanja ili ndi negative charge. Muvi pakati pa ma plate awiriwa ndi mizere yamagetsi yomwe imatuluka kuchokera ku positive charge kupita ku negative charge. Positive charge ili pafupi ndi plate yodzazidwa ndi magetsi.
Kupezeka kwa mphamvu yamagetsi kumapangitsa kuti mphamvu yamagetsi igwire bwino ntchito poyendetsa magetsi kuti mphamvu yamagetsi igwire bwino ntchito poyendetsa magetsi kuti mphamvu yamagetsi igwire bwino ntchito poyendetsa magetsi. Mphamvu yamagetsi imagwira ntchito poyendetsa magetsi, kuti mphamvu yamagetsi igwire bwino ntchito poyendetsa magetsi. Mwa masamu, ntchito yomwe mphamvu yamagetsi imagwira ntchito poyendetsa magetsi ndi W = F d = q E d, pomwe W = ntchito, F = mphamvu yamagetsi, d = mtunda pakati pa mbale ziwiri, q = mphamvu yamagetsi, E = mphamvu yamagetsi.
Pambuyo pofika pafupi ndi mbale yoyaka moto, ngati mphamvu yoyaka moto ibwezedwa pamalo ake oyambirira pafupi ndi mbale yoyaka moto, mphamvu yakunja imafunika. Mphamvu yoyaka moto ikasunthidwa kumanzere kupita ku mbale yoyaka moto, mphamvu yamagetsi imapitirirabe kulunjika kumanja kotero kuti mphamvu yamagetsi igwire ntchito yoyipa pa mphamvuyo. Mwa masamu, ntchito yochitidwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi pa mphamvu yoyaka moto ndi W = – F d = – q E d.
Ntchito yonse yomwe mphamvu yamagetsi yachita pa mphamvu yabwino, pamene mphamvuyo ikupita kumanja, kenako n’kubwerera kumanzere kupita kumalo ake oyambirira, ndi W = q E d – q E d = 0. Ngati ntchito ya ukonde yachitika ndi mphamvu ya chinthucho, pamene chinthucho chichoka pamalo ake oyambirira kenako n’kubwerera pamalo ake oyambirira, ofanana ndi zero, ndiye kuti mphamvuyo ndi mphamvu yosunga zinthu. Kutengera ndi kufotokozera pamwambapa, tinganene kuti mphamvu yamagetsi ndi mphamvu yosunga zinthu.
Mphamvu yamagetsi ndi mphamvu yamagetsi
Ntchito yochitidwa ndi mphamvu zosungira zinthu imagwirizana ndi kusintha kwa mphamvu zomwe zingatheke. Mwachitsanzo, ntchito yochitidwa ndi mphamvu yokoka pa chinthu chachikulu imasintha mphamvu yokoka ya chinthu chachikulu. Momwemonso, ntchito yochitidwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi pa chaji yamagetsi imasintha mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe mungatheke ya chaji.
Mphamvu yabwino mu gawo lamagetsi lofanana
Zithunzi ziwiri zomwe zili pansipa zikuwonetsa zitsanzo za ntchito yochitidwa ndi mphamvu zosungira zomwe zimayambitsa kusintha kwa mphamvu zomwe zingatheke. Kufotokozera ntchito yochitidwa ndi mphamvu yokoka ndi kusintha kwa mphamvu yokoka kumagwiritsidwa ntchito poyerekeza,
kuti zithandize kumvetsetsa ntchito yomwe mphamvu zamagetsi zimachita komanso kusintha kwa mphamvu zamagetsi.
Chithunzi chomwe chili kumanzere chikuwonetsa chinthu chikugwa momasuka pamwamba pa nthaka. Zinthu zikafika pamwamba, zimakhala ndi mphamvu yokoka kwambiri. Poyenda pansi, mphamvu yokoka imagwira ntchito pa chinthucho. Kulunjika kwa mphamvu yokoka ndikofanana ndi komwe chinthucho chimayendera pansi kotero kuti mphamvu yokoka igwire ntchito yabwino. Ikafulumira pansi, kutalika kwa chinthucho kumachepa kotero kuti mphamvu yokoka ya chinthucho imachepa. Ikafika pansi, mphamvu yokoka imakhala yochepa. Titha kunena kuti ntchito yabwino yomwe imachitika ndi mphamvu yokoka pa chinthucho imachepetsa mphamvu yokoka ya chinthucho. Mphamvu yokoka simatayika koma imasintha kukhala mphamvu ya kinetic, zomwe zikuwonetsedwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa liwiro la chinthucho chikayenda pansi.
Chithunzi chomwe chili kumanja chikuwonetsa mphamvu yamagetsi pafupi ndi mbale yoyendetsedwa bwino. Ikakhala pafupi ndi mbale yoyendetsedwa bwino, mphamvu yamagetsi imakhala ndi mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri. Kupezeka kwa mphamvu yamagetsi pakati pa mbale ziwiri kumapangitsa kuti mphamvu yamagetsi ifulumizitsidwe ndi mphamvu yamagetsi kuchokera ku mbale yoyendetsedwa bwino kupita ku mbale yoyendetsedwa bwino. Mphamvu yamagetsi ikasuntha kupita kumanja, mphamvu yamagetsi imapitanso ku njira yosunthira mphamvu yamagetsi kupita kumanja, kotero kuti mphamvu yamagetsi imagwira ntchito bwino. Mukasuntha kupita kumanja, mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi imawonjezeka pomwe mphamvu yamagetsi imachepa.
Mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imapezeka ikafika pafupi ndi mbale yokhala ndi chaji yoyipa, mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ikupezeka imakhala ndi mtengo wocheperako. Titha kunena kuti ntchito yabwino yomwe imachitika ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ikupezeka pa chaji imachepetsa mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ikupezeka pa chaji. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ngati chaji yoyipayo ibwerera pamalo ake oyamba ndiye kuti njira ya chajiyo imasintha kupita kumanzere, moyang'anizana ndi njira ya mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ili kumanja. Chifukwa cha njira yosiyana, mphamvu yamagetsi imagwira ntchito yoyipa pa chaji yoyipa. Mukasuntha kupita kumanzere, mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ikupezeka pa chajiyo imawonjezeka. Chifukwa chake, titha kunena kuti ntchito yoyipa yomwe imachitika ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ikupezeka pa chajiyo imawonjezera mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ikupezeka pa chajiyo.
Kuyipitsa koyipa m'munda wamagetsi wofanana
Mosiyana ndi chaji yabwino, chaji yoipa imakhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu yamagetsi ikakhala pafupi ndi mbale yoyimitsidwa ndi mphamvu yochepa yamagetsi ikakhala pafupi ndi mbale yoyimitsidwa ndi mphamvu yochepa yamagetsi ikakhala pafupi ndi mbale yoyimitsidwa ndi mphamvu. Mwachibadwa, chaji yamagetsi imasuntha kuchoka pa mphamvu yayikulu kupita ku mphamvu yochepa, kotero chaji yoipa imasunthanso kuchokera pa mbale yoyimitsidwa ndi mphamvu kupita ku mbale yoyimitsidwa ndi mphamvu. Njira yosunthira chaji yoipa ili kumanzere, pomwe njira ya mphamvu yamagetsi ili kumanja kotero kuti mphamvu yamagetsi imagwira ntchito yoyimitsidwa. Mukasuntha kupita kumanzere, mphamvu yamagetsi ya chaji yoyimitsidwa imachepa ndipo imakhala ndi mtengo wocheperako pamene chaji yoyimitsidwa ifika pafupi ndi mbale yoyimitsidwa ndi mphamvu. Titha kunena kuti ntchito yoyimitsidwa yochitidwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi imachepetsa mphamvu yamagetsi ya chaji yoyimitsidwa. Mphamvu yamagetsi simatayika koma imasintha kukhala mphamvu ya kinetic yomwe imadziwika ndi kuwonjezera liwiro la chaji ikapita ku mbale yoyimitsidwa ndi mphamvu.
Mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'munda wamagetsi wofanana
Mphamvu yamagetsi ya chaji pamene chaji ili pamalo enaake, mtengo wake sungadziwike. Koma ngati chajiyo isuntha kuchokera pamalo ena kupita kwina, ikhoza kuwerengedwa kusintha kwa mphamvu yamagetsi ya chajiyo. Chifukwa chake, tanthauzo lake ndi kusintha kwa mphamvu yamagetsi. Kusintha kwa mphamvu yamagetsi (ΔEP) kumatha kudziwika pamene chaji yabwino isuntha kuchokera ku chaji yapamwamba (chaji yabwino) kupita ku chaji yochepa (chaji yabwino).
Poyerekeza, mango ikafika pa tsinde lake, mango imakhala ndi mphamvu yokoka, koma mtengo wake sungadziwike. Ngati chipatso cha mango chafulumizitsidwa pansi ndi mphamvu yokoka, kusintha kwa mphamvu yokoka ya mango kungadziwike powerengera pogwiritsa ntchito fomula W = ΔEP = mgh,
kumene m = kulemera, g = mphamvu yokoka, h = mtunda pakati pa mango ndi pamwamba pa nthaka.
Mofananamo, kusintha kwa mphamvu yamagetsi ya chaji kumadziwika pamene mphamvu yamagetsi ikufulumizitsa chaji kuchokera pamalo ena kupita kwina. Monga tafotokozera kale, ngati chaji yabwino isuntha kuchokera pa mbale yodzazidwa bwino kupita ku mbale yodzazidwa bwino,
Kusintha kwa mphamvu yamagetsi kumawerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito fomula W = ΔEP = q E d, pomwe q = mphamvu yamagetsi, E = mphamvu yamagetsi ndi d = mtunda pakati pa malo ndi malo ena. Momwemonso, ngati mphamvu yoipa isuntha kuchokera pa mbale yoipa kupita ku mbale yoipa, kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu yamagetsi ya mphamvu yoipa kumawerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito fomula W = ΔEP = q E d.
Mphamvu yamagetsi ya ma point charge awiri
Kusintha kwa mphamvu zamagetsi sikungochitika kokha ndi mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe zili mu gawo lamagetsi lofanana, komanso mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mphamvu zamagetsi imodzi. Tiyerekeze kuti pali mphamvu imodzi Q yomwe imapanga mphamvu zamagetsi ndipo mphamvu ya q ili ndi mtunda wa r kuchokera pa mphamvu Q.
Q = mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imayambitsa mphamvu yamagetsi
q = mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imasunthidwa m'munda wamagetsi wopangidwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi Q
d = r = mtunda wa cholipiritsa q kuchokera pa cholipiritsa Q.
Ngati ma charge onse awiri ali ndi chizindikiro chomwecho, + kapena -, ndiye kuti ma charge awiriwa amatsutsana kapena amasiyanirana kuti kusintha kwa mphamvu zomwe zingatheke kukhale kwabwino (mphamvu zamagetsi zimawonjezeka). Izi zili ngati chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimakwera mmwamba kuchokera padziko lapansi kotero kuti kutalika kwake ndi mphamvu yokoka ziwonjezeke. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ngati chizindikiro cha ma charge onse awiri sichili chofanana, ma charge awiriwa amakokerana kapena kuyandikirana kotero kuti kusintha kwa mphamvu zomwe zingatheke kukhale koipa (mphamvu zamagetsi zimachepa). Izi zili ngati chinthu chachikulu chomwe chikuyenda pansi chikuyandikira pamwamba pa dziko lapansi kotero kuti kutalika kwake ndi mphamvu yokoka zichepetseke.
Mphamvu yamagetsi ndi mphamvu yosasintha, motero mawonekedwe a njira yoyendetsera magetsi sakhudza kusintha kwa mphamvu yamagetsi. Chomwe chimakhudza mtengo wa kusintha kwa mphamvu yamagetsi, ndi malo oyamba ndi malo omaliza a mphamvu.
Pa mutu wotsatira tidzaphunzira za mphamvu yamagetsi, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zakuthupi komwe kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi mphamvu yamagetsi.
