Maphunziro Oyambira a Fiziki

Nkhani yokhudza lamulo la Coulomb

Mu nkhani yokhudza mphamvu yamagetsi ndi mitundu ya mphamvu yamagetsi, anafotokoza kuti mphamvu yofanana imakokana pomwe mosiyana ndi mphamvu imakokana. Mwanjira ina, zinthu zomwe zili ndi mphamvu yabwino zimakoka zinthu zomwe zili ndi mphamvu yoipa, zinthu zomwe zili ndi mphamvu yabwino zimakoka zinthu zomwe zili ndi mphamvu yoipa, ndipo zinthu zomwe zili ndi mphamvu yoipa zimakoka zinthu zomwe zili ndi mphamvu yoipa. Chochitikachi chikuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imagwira ntchito pazinthu zomwe zili ndi mphamvu yoipa komanso zinthu zomwe zili ndi mphamvu yoipa. Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimakhudza mphamvu yamagetsi pakati pa zinthu zomwe zili ndi mphamvu yamagetsi?

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Nkhani yokhudza lamulo losunga ndalama zamagetsi

Zinthu zonse m'chilengedwe chonse zimapangidwa ndi maatomu. Maatomu amapangidwa ndi ma proton, ma neutroni, ndi ma elekitironi. Proton imayendetsedwa ndi magetsi; ma elekitironi ali ndi magetsi oyipa, ma neutroni sayendetsedwa ndi magetsi. Mkati mwa atomu, muli ma elekitironi, ma proton, ndi ma neutroni ena. Ngati chiwerengero cha ma elekitironi chili chofanana ndi chiwerengero cha ma proton, mphamvu yonse yamagetsi pa atomu ndi zero. Maatomu ngati awa ndi opanda magetsi. Ngati chiwerengero cha ma elekitironi chili choposa chiwerengero cha ma proton, ndiye kuti atomu imakhala ndi magetsi oyipa. Ngati chiwerengero cha ma elekitironi chili chochepera chiwerengero cha ma proton, ndiye kuti atomu imakhala ndi magetsi oyipa.

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Nkhani yokhudza Mitundu ya zolipiritsa zamagetsi

N’chifukwa chiyani pulasitiki imachotsa pulasitiki koma imakopa galasi? Ngati mupaka pulasitiki pa tsitsi louma ndikubweretsa pulasitikiyo papepala laling’ono, pulasitikiyo imakoka mapepalawo. N’chifukwa chiyani pulasitiki imathanso kukoka mapepala omwe sanapakedwe ndi zinthu zina? Mudzamvetsa ndipo mungathe kufotokoza zifukwa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti galasi, pulasitiki, mapepala kapena zinthu zina zichitike monga momwe taonera pamwambapa mutaphunzira nkhani ya magetsi ndikumvetsa ndemanga zomwe zili pansipa.

Mapulasitiki omwe amapakidwa ndi galasi lokoka tsitsi lopakidwa ndi nsalu. Mapulasitiki ndi galasi ndi okongola, kotero pulasitiki ndi galasi zimakhala ndi magetsi osiyanasiyana . Ngati chinthu chikuthamangitsa pulasitiki koma chikukoka galasi, chimakhala ndi mphamvu yofanana ndi mphamvu ya galasi. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ngati chinthu chikuthamangitsa galasi koma chikukoka pulasitiki, chimakhala ndi mphamvu yofanana ndi mphamvu ya pulasitiki.

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Nkhani yokhudza mphamvu yamagetsi mu maatomu

Chonde yang'anani chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe zili pafupi nanu. Ngati muwononga chinthu, mwachitsanzo, ndi mwala, mwalawo udzagawidwa m'zidutswa zazing'ono. Ngati gawo la mwalawo litawonongedwanso, zidutswa za miyala zidzasanduka zidutswa zazing'ono. Nanga bwanji ngati mwalawo utawonongedwanso? ​​Zachidziwikire, mwalawo ndi wocheperako. Kodi miyala ingawonongeke kukhala zidutswa zazing'ono mpaka zopanda malire? Zoona zake zikusonyeza kuti chinthu chogawidwa m'zidutswa zazing'ono chidzafika pamalo pomwe gawo laling'ono kwambiri la chinthucho silingagawanike kukhala laling'ono. Gawo laling'ono kwambiri la chinthu chomwe sichingagawanike limatchedwa atomu. Chifukwa chake, maatomu ndi gawo laling'ono kwambiri la zinthu zonse m'chilengedwe chonse.

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Nkhani yokhudza kamera ya zida za Optical

Zigawo za kamera

Kamera yosavuta imakhala ndi lenzi yozungulira, diaphragm, shutter, ndi filimu.

Magalasi ozungulira amagwira ntchito popanga chithunzi chenicheni komanso chozungulira pa filimu. Mosiyana ndi lenzi ya diso yomwe ili ndi kutalika kolunjika komwe kungasinthe, lenzi ya kamera ili ndi kutalika kolunjika komwe sikungasinthe. Lenzi ya kamera ndi lenzi yozungulira, osati lenzi yozungulira chifukwa chithunzi chopangidwa ndi lenzi yozungulira nthawi zonse chimakhala chowoneka bwino. M'malo mwake, chithunzi chopangidwa ndi lenzi yozungulira chimakhala chenicheni pamene mtunda wa chinthucho uli waukulu kuposa kutalika kozungulira. Chithunzi chenicheni ndi chithunzi chomwe chilipo chifukwa chithunzichi chikhoza kujambulidwa pa filimu. M'malo mwake, chithunzi chenicheni ndi chithunzi chabodza kotero kuti chithunzicho sichingajambulidwe pa filimu. Malo a chithunzi chenicheni ndi chozungulira chomwe chimapangidwa ndi lenzi yozungulira chimagwirizana ndi malo a filimuyo.

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Nkhani yokhudza Equation ya ma telescope a zakuthambo

Ngodya imatsimikizira kukula kwa chithunzi cha chinthu chomwe chapangidwa pa retina. Monga momwe chithunzichi chikusonyezera, mtunda wa chinthucho kuchokera pa diso umakhala wocheperako, motero kukula kwa chithunzi chomwe chapangidwa pa retina kumachepa.

Telesikopu yosavuta ya zakuthambo ili ndi magalasi awiri ozungulira; iliyonse imatchedwa lenzi yolunjika ndi lenzi ya maso. Lenzi yolunjika ili ndi mtunda wautali kuchokera ku diso, pomwe lenzi ya maso ili ndi mtunda pafupi ndi diso. Lenzi yolunjika imagwira ntchito yobweretsa chithunzi pafupi ndi lenzi ya maso, kotero ngodya imakhala yayikulu. Lenzi ya maso imagwira ntchito yowonjezera ngodya kuti kukula kwa chithunzi chomwe chapangidwa pa retina kukhale kwakukulu.

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Tanthauzo la telesikopu ya zakuthambo

Ma telesikopu a zakuthambo kapena ma binocular a zakuthambo ndi zida zowunikira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandiza diso kuona zinthu zakuthambo monga nyenyezi, mapulaneti, ma satellite, ndi zina zotero. Ngakhale kukula kwa zinthu zakuthambo kuli kwakukulu, mtunda wa zinthu zakuthambo ndi wautali kwambiri kotero kuti zikawonedwa pogwiritsa ntchito maso, zinthu zakuthambo zimaoneka zazing'ono. Ma telesikopu a zakuthambo amagwira ntchito yokulitsa chithunzi cha zinthu zakuthambo kuti ziwonekere pogwiritsa ntchito maso.

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Nkhani yokhudza Equation ya ma microscope

Ngodya imatsimikizira kukula kwa chithunzi cha chinthu chopangidwa pa retina ya diso. Monga momwe chithunzi chili m'mbali mwake chikusonyezera, kukula kwa chinthucho kukakhala kochepa, ngodya imatsika ndipo motero kukula kwa chithunzi chopangidwa pa retina kumatsika. Kukula kochepa kwa chithunzi pa retina ndi chifukwa chake diso limavutika kuona zinthu zazing'ono bwino, ngakhale kuti zinthu zimawonedwa kuchokera pafupi, mtunda wa 25 cm.

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Tanthauzo la maikulosikopu

Maikulosikopu ndi chida chowunikira chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandiza diso kuona zinthu zazing'ono, komwe zinthu zazing'ono zimakhala zovuta kuziwona mwachindunji pogwiritsa ntchito maso kapena loupe.

Pali mitundu iwiri ya maikulosikopu, yomwe ndi maikulosikopu yowala ndi maikulosikopu ya elekitironi. Phunziroli likukambirana za maikulosikopu yowala, ndipo momwe imagwirira ntchito pa nkhani ya geometry optics ikuphatikizapo refraction of light, mapangidwe a zithunzi ndi kukula kwa zithunzi za chinthu pogwiritsa ntchito lenzi.

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Nkhani yokhudza Equation ya kukula galasi galasi lokulitsa

Monga tafotokozera mu mutu wakuti loupe (galasi lokulitsa), chinthu chimawoneka chaching'ono chikawonedwa patali ndipo chimawoneka bwino chikawonedwa pafupi. Kusiyana kwa kukula kwa chinthu chomwe diso limawona kumachitika chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa ngodya pakati pa diso ndi chinthucho. Chinthu chikakhala kutali kwambiri ndi diso, ngodya pakati pa diso ndi chinthucho imakhala yocheperako kotero kuti chithunzi chopangidwa pa retina ya diso chimakhala chocheperako. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, chinthucho chikakhala pafupi ndi diso, ngodya pakati pa diso ndi chinthucho imakhala yayikulu kotero kuti chithunzi chopangidwa pa retina ya diso chimakhala chofunikira kwambiri. Pamene diso lili pafupi, ngodya pakati pa diso ndi chinthucho imakhala yayikulu, kotero kuti chithunzi chomwe chimapangidwa pa retina chikukulanso. Dziwani kuti diso la munthu wamba lili ndi mfundo yoyandikira ndi 25 cm kotero kuti mtunda pakati pa diso ndi chinthucho sungakhale wocheperako kuposa 25 cm. Titha kunena kuti ngodya pakati pa diso labwinobwino la munthu wamba ndi chinthu ndi yayikulu kwambiri pamene mtunda pakati pa diso ndi chinthucho ndi 25 cm.

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