Mphamvu yamagetsi - mavuto ndi mayankho

Mphamvu yamagetsi - mavuto ndi mayankho

1. Ma charge atatu monga momwe asonyezedwera pachithunzi chili pansipa . Kodi mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imapezeka ndi charge ndi yotani? B. k = 9 x 10 9 Nm 2 C −2 , 1 μC = 10 −6 C.

Zodziwika:

qA = 10 µC = 10 x 10-6 C=10-5 CoulombMphamvu yamagetsi - mavuto ndi mayankho 1

q B = 10 µC = 10 x 10 -6 = 10 -5 Ma Coulomb

q C = 20 µC = 20 x 10 -6 = 2 x 10 -5 Coulombs

r AB = 0.1 m = 10 -1 m

r BC = 0.1 m = 10 -1 m

k = 9 x 10 9 Nm 2 C −2

Akufuna: Mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imapezeka ndi chaji B

Yankho:

Pali mphamvu ziwiri zamagetsi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mphamvu B, zomwe ndi mphamvu yamagetsi pakati pa mphamvu A ndi mphamvu B (F AB ) komanso mphamvu yamagetsi pakati pa mphamvu B ndi C (F BC ). Mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mphamvu B imachokera ku mphamvu F AB ndi mphamvu F BC.

Mphamvu yamagetsi pakati pa ma chaji A ndi B:

Mphamvu yamagetsi - mavuto ndi mayankho 2

Chaji A ndi yabwino ndipo chaji B ndi yabwino kotero kuti komwe F AB ikupita ikulozera ku chaji C.

Mphamvu yamagetsi pakati pa ma chaji B ndi C:

Mphamvu yamagetsi - mavuto ndi mayankho 3

Chaji B ndi chabwino ndipo chaji C ndi chabwino kotero kuti F BC imaloza ku chaji A.

Mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imapezeka ndi chaji B:

F B = F BC – F AB = 180 – 90 = 90 N.

Kukula kwa mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imawonedwa ndi chaji B (F B ) ndi ma Newton 90. Kulunjika kwa F B kuli kofanana ndi kulunjika kwa F BC , mfundo zomwe zimapita ku chaji A.

2. Kodi kukula ndi komwe mphamvu yamagetsi ili pa mphamvu B ndi kotani? ( k = 9 x 10 9 Nm 2 C −2 , 1 μC = 10 −6 C)

Mphamvu yamagetsi - mavuto ndi mayankho 4

Zodziwika:

Ndalama A (q A ) = +Q

Ndalama B (q B ) = -2Q

Ndalama C (q C ) = -Q

Mtunda pakati pa zolipiritsa A ndi B (r AB ) = r

Mtunda pakati pa zolipiritsa B ndi C (r BC ) = 2r

k = 9 x 10 9 Nm 2 C −2

Kufunidwa: Kukula ndi komwe mphamvu yamagetsi ikuyendera B.

Yankho:

Mphamvu yamagetsi pakati pa ma chaji A ndi B:

Mphamvu yamagetsi - mavuto ndi mayankho 5

Chaji A ndi yabwino ndipo chaji B ndi yabwino kotero kuti komwe F AB ikupita ku chaji A.

Mphamvu yamagetsi pakati pa chaji B ndi chaji C:

Mphamvu yamagetsi - mavuto ndi mayankho 6

Chaji B ndi yoipa ndipo chaji C ndi yoipa kotero kuti komwe F BC ikupita ikuloza ku chaji A.

Gulu lankhondo lapaintaneti limagwira ntchito pa udindo B:

F = F AB + F BC = 2 k Q 2 /r 2 + 0.5 k Q 2 /r 2 = 2.5 k Q 2 /r 2 = 2.5 k Q 2 r -2

Kulowera kwa mphamvu yamagetsi kumasonyeza kuti chaji A (kumanzere).

3. Ma charge awiri amagetsi, omwe akuwonetsedwa pachithunzi chili pansipa. Ma charge pa mfundo A ndi 8 µC ndipo mphamvu yamagetsi imagwira ntchito pa ma charge onse awiri ndi 45 N. Ngati charge A ipita kumanja 1 cm, kodi mphamvu yokopa imagwira ntchito pa ma charge onse awiri ndi iti? k = 9.10 9 Nm 2 .C -2.

Zodziwika:

Chaji yamagetsi pamalo A (q)A) = 8 µC = 8 x 10-6 CoulombMphamvu yamagetsi - mavuto ndi mayankho 7

Mphamvu yamagetsi imagwira ntchito pa milandu yonse iwiri (F) = 45 Newtons

Mtunda pakati pa ma charge onse awiri (r AB ) = 4 cm = 0.04 metres = 4 x 10 -2 metres

Chokhazikika (k) = 9 x 10 9 Nm 2 .C -2

Kufunidwa: Mphamvu yamagetsi pakati pa machaji onse awiri ngati chaji A ipita kumanja 1 cm.

Yankho:

Chaji yamagetsi pamalo B :

Equation ya mphamvu yamagetsi:

F = k (q A )(q B ) / r 2

Fr r 2 = k (q A )(q B )

q B = F r 2 / k (q A )

Chaji yamagetsi pamalo B :

q B = (45)(4 x 10 -2 ) 2 / (9 x 10 9 )(8 x 10 -6 )

q B = (45)(16 x 10 -4 ) / 72 x 10 3

q B = (720 x 10 -4 ) / (72 x 10 3 )

q B = 10 x 10 -7 Coulombs

Mphamvu yamagetsi pakati pa magetsi A ndi B:

Ngati mphamvu pa A ipita kumanja 1 cm ndiye kuti mtunda pakati pa mphamvu zonse ziwiri ndi 3 cm = 0.03 mita = 3 x 10 -2 mamita.

F = k (q A )(q B ) / r 2

F = (9 x 10 9 )(8 x 10 -6 )(10 x 10 -7 ) / (3 x 10 -2 ) 2

F = (9 x 10 9 )(80 x 10 -13 ) / (9 x 10 -4 )

F = (1 x 10 9 )(80 x 10 -13 ) / (1 x 10 -4 )

F = (80 x 10 -4 ) / (1 x 10 -4 )

F = 80 Newton

4. Ma charge awiri amagetsi pamalo a P ndi Q amalekanitsidwa ndi mtunda wa 10 cm, dziwani mphamvu yokoka ya 8 Newton. Ngati charge Q isuntha 5 cm kuti ijambule P, ndiye kuti mphamvu yamagetsi ndi chiyani? (1 µC = 10 -6 C ndi k = 9 x 10 9 Nm 2 .C -2 ).

Zodziwika:

Mtunda pakati pa zolipiritsa P ndi Q (r)PQ) = 10 cm = 0.1 m = 1 x 10-1 m Mphamvu yamagetsi - mavuto ndi mayankho 8

Mphamvu yamagetsi pakati pa ma chaji P ndi Q (F) = 8 N

Chaji yamagetsi Q (q Q ) = 40 µC = 40 x 10 -6 C

Chokhazikika (k) = 9 x 10 9 Nm 2 .C -2

Kufunidwa: Mphamvu yamagetsi pakati pa ma chaji P ndi Q ngati chaji Q yasunthidwa 5 cm kuti ipatsidwe chaji P.

Yankho:

Choyamba, werengerani mphamvu yamagetsi P, kenako werengerani mphamvu yamagetsi pakati pa ma charge onse awiri, ngati mphamvu yamagetsi Q yasunthidwa 5 cm kuti ipereke mphamvu yamagetsi P.

Chaja yamagetsi P :

q P = F r 2 / k (q Q )

q P = (8)(1 x 10 -1 ) 2 / (9 x 10 9 )(40 x 10 -6 )

q P = (8)(1 x 10 -2 ) / 360 x 10 3

q P = (8 x 10 -2 ) / (36 x 10 4 )

q P = (1 x 10 -2 ) / (4.5 x 10 4 )

q P = (1 / 4.5) x 10 -6 Coulombs

Mphamvu yamagetsi pakati pa ma chaji amagetsi P ndi Q:

Ngati mphamvu pamalo Q yasunthidwa 5 cm kupita kumanzere ndiye kuti mtunda pakati pa mphamvu zonse ziwiri ndi 5 cm = 0.05 metres = 5 x 10 -2 metres

F = k (q P )(q Q ) / r 2

F = (9 x 10 9 )((1 / 4.5) x 10 -6 )(40 x 10 -6 ) / (5 x 10 -2 ) 2

F = (2 x 10 3 )(40 x 10 -6 ) / (25 x 10 -4 )

F = (80 x 10 -3 ) / (25 x 10 -4 )

F = 3.2 x 10 1

F = 32 Newton

5. Mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imapezeka ndi chaji q B ndi 8 N (1 µC = 10 -6 C ndipo k = 9.10 9 Nm 2 .C -2 ). Ngati chaji q B yasuntha 4 cm kuchokera ku A, ndiye kuti mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imapezeka ndi q B ndi iti?

Zodziwika:

Mtunda pakati pa zolipiritsa A ndi B (r)AB) = 2 cm = 0.02 m = 2 x 10-2 m Mphamvu yamagetsi - mavuto ndi mayankho 9

Mphamvu yamagetsi pakati pa ma chaji A ndi B (F) = 8 N

Chaji yamagetsi A (q A ) = 2 µC = 2 x 10 -6 C

Chokhazikika (k) = 9 x 10 9 Nm 2 .C -2

Kufunidwa: Mphamvu yamagetsi pakati pa machaji A ndi B ngati mtunda pakati pa machaji onse awiri ndi 4 cm.

Yankho:

Choyamba, werengerani mphamvu yamagetsi B, kenako werengerani mphamvu yamagetsi pakati pa ma charge onse awiri, ngati mtunda wa ma charge onse awiri ndi 4 cm = 0.04 metres = 4 x 10 -2 metres.

Mphamvu yamagetsi pa B :

q B = F r 2 / k (q A )

q B = (8)(2 x 10 -2 ) 2 / (9 x 10 9 )(2 x 10 -6 )

q B = (8)(4 x 10 -4 ) / (18 x 10 3 )

q B = (32 x 10 -4 ) / (18 x 10 3 )

q B = (32/18) x 10 -7

qB = (16/9) x 10 -7 Coulombs

Mphamvu yamagetsi pakati pa ma chaji A ndi B:

F = k (q A )(q B ) / r 2

F = (9 x 10 9 )(2 x 10 -6 )((16/9) x 10 -7 ) / (4 x 10 -2 ) 2

F = (18 x 10 3 )((16/9) x 10 -7 ) / (16 x 10 -4 )

F = (2 x 10 3 )(16 x 10 -7 ) / (16 x 10 -4 )

F = (2 x 10 3 )(1 x 10 -7 ) / (1 x 10 -4 )

F = (2 x 10 -4 ) / (1 x 10 -4 )

F = 2 Newton

6. Ma charge atatu A, B ndi C monga momwe zasonyezedwera pachithunzi chili pansipa. AB = BC = 20 cm ndipo ma charge ndi ofanana (q = 2µC). k = 9.10 9 Nm 2 .C -2 , 1 µ = 10 -6 . Kodi mphamvu yamagetsi imagwira ntchito bwanji pa mfundo B?

Zodziwika:

Lipirani pamalo A (q)A) = 2 µC = 2 x 10-6 Coulomb Mphamvu yamagetsi - mavuto ndi mayankho 10

Chaji pamalo B (q B ) = 2 µC = 2 x 10 -6 Coulomb

Chaji pamalo C (q C ) = 2 µC = 2 x 10 -6 Coulomb

Mtunda wochokera ku B kupita ku C (r BC ) = 20 cm = 0.2 mamita = 2 x 10 -1 mamita

Mtunda wochokera ku B kupita ku A (r BA ) = 20 cm = 0.2 mamita = 2 x 10 -1 mamita

k = 9.10 9 Nm 2 .C -2

Kufunidwa: Kukula kwa mphamvu yamagetsi kumagwira ntchito pa mfundo B

Yankho:

Mphamvu yamagetsi pakati pa ma charges pa mfundo B ndi C:

F BC = k (q B )(q C ) / r BC 2

F BC = (9 x 10 9 )(2 x 10 -6 )(2 x 10 -6 ) / (2 x 10 -1 ) 2

F BC = (9 x 10 9 )(4 x 10 -12 ) / (4 x 10 -2 )

F BC = (36 x 10 -3 ) / (4 x 10 -2 )

F BC = 9 x 10 -1

F BC = 0.9 Newton

Mphamvu zamagetsi pa mfundo B ndi C ndi zabwino kotero kuti mphamvu yamagetsi F BC imayang'ana kumanzere kutali ndi mfundo C.

Mphamvu yamagetsi pakati pa ma charges pa mfundo B ndi A:

F BA = k (q B )(q A ) / r BA 2

F BA = (9 x 10 9 )(2 x 10 -6 )(2 x 10 -6 ) / (2 x 10 -1 ) 2

F BA = (9 x 10 9 )(4 x 10 -12 ) / (4 x 10 -2 )

F BA = (36 x 10 -3 ) / (4 x 10 -2 )

F BA = 9 x 10 -1

F BA = 0.9 Newton

Mphamvu zamagetsi pa mfundo B ndi A ndi zabwino kotero kuti njira ya mphamvu yamagetsi F BA ili pansi, kutali ndi mfundo A.

Zotsatira za mphamvu zamagetsi:

Mphamvu yamagetsi - mavuto ndi mayankho 11

7. Ma charge atatu Q 1 , Q 2 , ndi Q 3 monga momwe zasonyezedwera pachithunzi chili pansipa. Kutalika kwa AB = kutalika kwa BC = 30 cm. Kudziwika: k = 9.10 9 Nm 2 .C -2 ndi 1 µ = 10 -6 kenako zotsatira za mphamvu yamagetsi pa charge Q 1.

Zodziwika:

Lipirani pamalo A (q)A) = 3 µC = 3 x 10-6 Coulomb Mphamvu yamagetsi - mavuto ndi mayankho 12

Chaji pamalo B (q B ) = -10 µC = -10 x 10 -6 Coulombs

Chaji pamalo C (q C ) = 4 µC = 4 x 10 -6 Coulomb

Mtunda wochokera ku B kupita ku C (r BC ) = 30 cm = 0.3 mamita = 3 x 10 -1 mamita

Mtunda wochokera ku B kupita ku C (r BA ) = 30 cm = 0.3 mamita = 3 x 10 -1 mita s

k = 9.10 9 Nm 2 .C -2

Kufunidwa: Zotsatira za mphamvu yamagetsi pa mfundo B

Yankho:

Mphamvu yamagetsi pakati pa ma charges pa mfundo B ndi C:

F BC = k (q B )(q C ) / r BC 2

F BC = (9 x 10 9 )(10 x 10 -6 )(4 x 10 -6 ) / (3 x 10 -1 ) 2

F BC = (9 x 10 9 )(40 x 10 -12 ) / (9 x 10 -2 )

F BC = (360 x 10 -3 ) / (9 x 10 -2 )

F BC = 40 x 10 -1

F BC = 4 Newton

Mphamvu yamagetsi pa mfundo B ndi yoipa ndipo mphamvu yamagetsi pa mfundo C ndi yabwino, kotero kuti mphamvu yamagetsi F BC imayang'ana kumanja, kupita ku mfundo C.

Mphamvu yamagetsi pakati pa ma charges pa mfundo B ndi A:

F BA = k (q B )(q A ) / r BA 2

F BA = (9 x 10 9 )(10 x 10 -6 )(3 x 10 -6 ) / (3 x 10 -1 ) 2

F BA = (9 x 10 9 )(30 x 10 -12 ) / (9 x 10 -2 )

F BA = (270 x 10 -3 ) / (9 x 10 -2 )

F BA = 30 x 10 -1

F BA = 3 Newton

Mphamvu yamagetsi pa mfundo B ndi yoipa ndipo mphamvu yamagetsi pa mfundo A ndi yabwino, kotero kuti njira ya mphamvu yamagetsi F BA ili mmwamba kufika pa mfundo A.

Zotsatira za mphamvu yamagetsi:

Mphamvu yamagetsi - mavuto ndi mayankho 13

  1. Kodi mphamvu yamagetsi ndi chiyani? yankhoMphamvu yamagetsi ndi mphamvu yofunikira yomwe imachitika pakati pa zinthu chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo zamagetsi. Ikhoza kukhala yokongola (pakati pa mphamvu zosiyana) kapena yonyansa (pakati pa mphamvu zofanana).
  2. Kodi kukula kwa mphamvu yamagetsi pakati pa ma point charges awiri kumatsimikizika bwanji? yankho: Kukula kwa mphamvu yamagetsi pakati pa ma point charge awiri kumaperekedwa ndi lamulo la Coulomb. Kuli kofanana mwachindunji ndi zomwe zimachitika pa kukula kwa ma charge ndipo kumagwirizana mosiyanasiyana ndi sikweya ya mtunda pakati pawo. , kumene ndi nthawi zonse ya Coulomb.
  3. Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ndi mphamvu yamagetsi ngati mtunda pakati pa ma chaji awiri wawirikiza kawiri? yankhoNgati mtunda pakati pa ma charge awiri wawirikiza kawiri, mphamvu yamagetsi imakhala gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi a mtengo wake woyambirira, chifukwa mphamvuyo imasiyana mosiyana ndi sikweya ya mtunda.
  4. Kodi mphamvu yamagetsi imafanana bwanji ndi mphamvu yokoka? yankhoMphamvu zamagetsi zimatha kukhala zokongola komanso zonyansa, pomwe mphamvu yokoka zimangokopa. Kuphatikiza apo, pazinthu zodziwika bwino komanso mtunda, mphamvu zamagetsi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zamphamvu kwambiri kuposa mphamvu yokoka, chifukwa mphamvu yokoka ndi yofooka kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mphamvu yamagetsi.
  5. Kodi mfundo ya superposition ndi yotani pokhudzana ndi mphamvu zamagetsi? yankho: Mfundo ya superposition imati mphamvu yamagetsi yonse pa chaji chifukwa cha kusonkhanitsa kwa ma chaji ena ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chaji iliyonse yomwe yatengedwa padera.
  6. N’chifukwa chiyani sitimva mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe zimapezeka m’zinthu za tsiku ndi tsiku ngakhale kuti zimapangidwa ndi tinthu tating’onoting’ono tomwe timayaka? yankhoZinthu za tsiku ndi tsiku nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosagwiritsa ntchito magetsi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zimakhala ndi ziwerengero zofanana za ma charge abwino ndi oipa. Mphamvu pakati pa ma charge amenewa zimafanana, kotero mphamvu yonse yamagetsi ndi zero.
  7. Kodi kukhazikika pansi kumakhudza bwanji mphamvu yamagetsi pa chinthu chomwe chayikidwa? yankho: Kuyika pansi chinthu chomwe chili ndi mphamvu kumalola mphamvu kuyenda pakati pa chinthucho ndi Dziko Lapansi mpaka chinthucho chitathetsedwa, zomwe zimathandiza kuchotsa mphamvu yamagetsi yonse pa chinthucho chifukwa cha mphamvu yake yoyambirira.
  8. Kodi mphamvu yamagetsi ingagwire ntchito mu vacuum? yankhoInde, mphamvu yamagetsi imatha kugwira ntchito mu vacuum. Sizimafuna sing'anga kuti ifalikire. Izi zikuwonekera bwino kuchokera ku momwe minda yamagetsi imakhalira komanso momwe imakhudzira tinthu tamagetsi tomwe tili mumlengalenga.
  9. Kodi chokhazikika chamagetsi (kapena chilolezo cha malo omasuka) chimagwira ntchito yotani pozindikira mphamvu ya mphamvu yamagetsi? yankho: Chokhazikika chamagetsi, chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti chilolezo cha malo omasuka, chimakhudza mphamvu ya mphamvu yamagetsi pakati pa ma charges. Chilolezo chapamwamba chimatanthauza mphamvu zamagetsi zofooka, ndipo mosemphanitsa. Chokhazikika cha Coulomb, , ikugwirizana ndi mtengo uwu monga .

  10. Ngati ma charge awiri akuyenda molingana, kodi mphamvu pakati pawo imasintha? Yankho : Ngati ma charge awiri akuyenda molingana, amatha kupanga maginito kuwonjezera pa maginito amagetsi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kuyanjana pakati pa ma charge oyenda sikudzangokhala chifukwa cha mphamvu zamagetsi zokha komanso mphamvu zamaginito. Kuyanjana kophatikizana kumafotokozedwa ndi mphamvu yamaginito. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale mphamvu yamagetsi chifukwa cha ma charges sikusintha chifukwa chakuti ikuyenda, mphamvu yonse ingasinthe chifukwa cha zotsatira zamaginito.

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