Te Tūranga o ngā Matatika i roto i te Rangahau Hapori
E whai ana te rangahau pāpori ki te wetewete i ngā uauatanga o ngā whanonga pāpori, ngā umanga, ngā whanaungatanga, me ngā hanganga. I a ngā tohunga pāpori e whakahaere ana i ngā rangahau e whai wāhi ana ngā tāngata, ka nui rawa te tūranga o ngā tikanga matatika. Mā ngā whakaaro matatika ka whakarite kia whakahaerehia te rangahau i roto i te huarahi e whakaute ana i ngā tika me te mana o ngā kaiuru, me te pupuri tonu i te pono o te pūtaiao. Ka tūhuratia e tēnei tuhinga te hiranga o ngā tikanga matatika i roto i te rangahau pāpori, e whakaatu ana i ngā mātāpono me ngā aratohu e ārahi ana i ngā tohunga pāpori, tae atu ki ngā wero me ngā tautohetohe ka puta ake i te mara.
Ngā Kaupapa o ngā Tikanga Matatika Rangahau
Ko ngā tikanga matatika i roto i te rangahau pāpori e hangai ana ki ngā mātāpono taketake e whai ana ki te tiaki i ngā kaupapa tangata me te pupuri i te mana o te rangahau pūtaiao. Ko ngā mātāpono matatika matua ko:
1. Whakaaetanga Whaiaro
Ko te whakaae whai whakaaro he tūāpapa mō te rangahau matatika. Me mārama katoa ngā kaiuru ki te āhua, te kaupapa, me ngā mōrearea pea o te rangahau i mua i te whakaae ki te whai wāhi. Mā tēnei māramatanga ka āhei te whai wāhi atu ki te mahi tūao, ā, ka taea e te tangata takitahi te whakatau whai whakaaro mō tā rātou whai wāhi atu.
2. Te Matatapu me te Whakamutunga
Ko te noho muna ko te tiaki i ngā mōhiohio tūmataiti o ngā kaiuru, me te whakarite kia kaua e whakaaturia ngā tuakiri takitahi me te kore whakaae. Mā te noho muna ka neke ake tēnei mahi mā te whakarite kia kore e taea e ngā kairangahau te hono i ngā raraunga ki ētahi tāngata takitahi. Mā tēnei tiaki ka poipoi i te whakawhirinaki, ā, ka akiaki i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero pono me te tuwhera mai i ngā kaiuru.
3. Te Whakaiti i te Kino
Me hoahoa, me whakahaere hoki e ngā kairangahau ngā rangahau kia iti ake ai ngā kino ka pā ki ngā kaiuru. Kei roto i tēnei ko ngā kino ā-tinana, ā-hinengaro, ā-hinengaro, me ā-pāpori. Ko te mahi a ngā kairangahau he matapae i ngā mōrearea ka pā mai, me te mahi i ngā mahi hei whakaiti i aua mōrearea.
4. Ngākau atawhai
Ko tēnei mātāpono ko te whakanui ake i ngā painga o te rangahau me te whakaiti i ngā kino ka pā mai. Me whai whakaaro ngā kairangahau ki ngā painga pāpori whānui o ā rātou mahi, me te whakarite kia kaua e pikau ngā tāngata takitahi i ngā taumahatanga nui rawa.
5. Te Tika
Ko te tika i roto i te rangahau e whai pānga ana ki te manaaki tika me te taurite o ngā tāngata katoa e whai wāhi ana. Me whakarite e ngā kairangahau kia kaua tetahi rōpū e taumahatia, e peia rānei, ā, kia tika hoki te tohatoha o ngā painga o te rangahau.
Ngā Aratohu Matatika me te Tirotiro
Hei whakatinana i ēnei mātāpono, kua whakatūria ngā aratohu matatika me ngā tikanga tirotiro. He maha ngā Poari Arotake Whare (IRB) me ngā Komiti Arotake Matatika (ERC) i roto i ngā whare wānanga me ngā whare rangahau. Ka arotakehia e ēnei whakahaere ngā tono rangahau hei whakarite kia tutukihia ngā paerewa matatika i mua i te tīmatanga o ngā rangahau.
Ngā Tikanga Matatika
Kua whakawhanakehia e ngā rōpū ngaio, pērā i te American Sociological Association (ASA), ngā tikanga matatika e whakarato ana i ngā aratohu taipitopito mō te whakahaere rangahau matatika. Ka whakaratohia e ēnei tikanga he anga mō te aro atu ki ngā raruraru matatika, ā, e whakanui ana i te hiranga o te whakaaroaro matatika tonu puta noa i te tukanga rangahau.
Ngā Paerewa Ture me ngā Paerewa Whakahaere
Haunga ngā aratohu ngaio, he wāhi anō hoki ngā paerewa ture me ngā paerewa whakahaere ki te hanga i ngā mahi rangahau matatika. Ko ngā ture pēnei i te Ture Whānui i te Hononga o Amerika e whakatū ana i ngā parenga taketake mō ngā tāngata e whai wāhi ana ki te rangahau.
Ngā Wero Matatika i roto i te Rangahau Hapori
Ahakoa ngā mātāpono me ngā aratohu kua whakatūria, he maha ngā wā ka tūtaki ngā rangahau pāpori ki ngā wero matatika. Ka puta ake pea ēnei wero nā te āhua o te rangahau, ngā āhuatanga ohorere, ngā taupatupatu rānei i waenga i ngā mātāpono matatika. Ko ētahi o ngā raruraru matatika noa ko:
Te Whakaaetanga Whaiaro i roto i ngā Taupori Tairongo
Me whai whakaaro nui ki te whiwhi whakaaetanga whai whakaaro mai i ngā taupori whakaraerae, pērā i ngā tamariki, ngā herehere, ngā tāngata rānei he hauātanga hinengaro. Me whakarite e ngā kairangahau he whakaaetanga whai whakaaro pono, ā, he mea tūao hoki, ā, he maha ngā wā ka hiahiatia he ārai atu, he whakaaetanga rānei mai i ngā kaitiaki ture.
Te Tinihanga a te Kaiuru
Tērā pea ka uru te tinihanga ki ētahi rangahau pāpori, ina kore te kaupapa tūturu o te rangahau e whakakitea ki ngā kaiuru hei karo i te whakaaro pākiki. Ka ara ake ngā āwangawanga matatika, nā te mea ka taupatupatu ki te mātāpono o te whakaaetanga whai whakaaro. Me āta paunatia e ngā kairangahau ngā painga pea me ngā pānga matatika, ā, me rapu huarahi kē atu i ngā wā katoa e taea ai.
Ngā Hononga Kairangahau-Kaiuru
Ka uaua pea ngā whanaungatanga i waenga i ngā kairangahau me ngā kaiuru, inā koa i roto i ngā rangahau ā-iwi, ā-whai wāhi rānei, ina koa ka uru atu ngā kairangahau ki te hapori e akohia ana e rātou. He mea nui te pupuri i ngā rohe ngaio me te karo i ngā whanaungatanga takirua hei pupuri i ngā paerewa matatika.
Hihiko Hiko
Ka pāngia te tukanga me ngā putanga o te rangahau e te kore taurite o te mana i waenga i ngā kairangahau me ngā kaiuru. Me whai whakaaro ngā kairangahau ki ēnei āhuatanga, ā, me whai kia whakamanahia ngā kaiuru, me te whakarite kia rangona, kia whakautehia hoki ō rātou reo.
Ngā Tautohe Matatika i roto i te Rangahau Hapori
Ahakoa ngā mahi ki te piri ki ngā mātāpono matatika, kua pāngia tonutia ngā rangahau pāpori e ngā tautohetohe. E whakaatu ana ngā tauira o mua me o nāianei i te hiranga o te tirotiro matatika pakari me ngā hua ka puta mai i ngā hapa matatika.
Te Whakamatau Whareherehere Stanford
I whakahaerehia i te tau 1971 e te tohunga hinengaro a Philip Zimbardo, i whakaata tēnei whakamātautau i tētahi taiao whare herehere me ngā ākonga o te whare wānanga i whakawhiwhia ki ngā tūranga hei kaitiaki me ngā herehere. I tere te memeha haere o te rangahau, ā, i pāngia ngā kaiuru e te mamae hinengaro nui. Ko ngā takahi matatika i roto i tēnei whakamātautau, tae atu ki te kore whakaae whai whakaaro me te koretake o ngā ārai, i arahi ki te whānuitanga o ngā whakahē me te karanga kia kaha ake ngā paerewa matatika.
Te Rangahau mō te Syphilis i Tuskegee
I whakahaerehia tēnei rangahau rongonui i waenganui i te tau 1932 me te tau 1972 e te Ratonga Hauora Tūmatanui o Amerika, i uru atu ngā tāne Āhurika-Amerika he mate syphilis i tinihangatia, ā, i whakakahoretia te maimoatanga, ahakoa i muri i te wātea mai o tētahi rongoā (penicillin). Ko ngā takahi matatika i roto i tēnei rangahau, tae atu ki te tinihanga me te tukino i tētahi taupori ngoikore, i whakaatu i te hiahia mō te tirotiro matatika pakari i roto i te rangahau.
Te Whakapakari i ngā Tikanga Matatika i roto i te Rangahau Hapori
Hei whakatere i ngā uauatanga me ngā wero o te rangahau matatika, ka taea e ngā tohunga hapori te mahi i ētahi mahi hei whakapakari i ngā mahi matatika:
Te Whakangungu Matatika Tonu
Mā te whakangungu me te mātauranga matatika tonu mō ngā kairangahau ka āwhina i te pupuri i te mōhiotanga ki ngā paerewa matatika me te whakatenatena i te whakatau matatika matatau.
Whakaaetanga Hapori
Mā te whai wāhi atu ki ngā hapori e rangahauhia ana ka taea te whakatipu i te whakaute me te whakawhirinaki. Mā ngā huarahi mahi tahi, pērā i te rangahau whai wāhi, ka taea te whakamana i ngā kaiuru me te whakarite kia whakauruhia ō rātou tirohanga ki roto i te tukanga rangahau.
Ripoata Maarama
Me mārama ngā kairangahau i roto i ā rātou pūrongo, tae atu ki ngā kōrero pono mō ngā raruraru matatika me te huarahi i arohia ai. Mā te whakapuaki i ēnei wheako ka whai wāhi ki te whakawhanake i ngā mahi pai rawa atu, me te whakatairanga i te ahurea o te whakaaroaro matatika.
Whakaata Matatika
Ko te whakaaroaro matatika ko te whakaaroaro tonu me te pātai i ngā whakaaro me ngā mahi matatika a te tangata. Mā tēnei tukanga tonu ka āwhina i ngā kairangahau ki te whakatere i ngā whenua matatika uaua me te whakatau whai whakaaro.
Opaniraa
He mea nui te mahi a ngā matatika i roto i te rangahau pāpori, e ārahi ana i ngā kairangahau ki te whakaute i ngā tika me te mana o ngā kaiuru me te pupuri tonu i te pono o te pūtaiao. He mea nui te piri ki ngā mātāpono matatika, te whakatere i ngā wero, me te ako mai i ngā tautohetohe o mua hei whakahaere i ngā rangahau pāpori whai kawenga me te whai pānga. Mā te whakatairanga i ngā whakaaro matatika, ka taea e ngā tohunga pāpori te whai wāhi ki te whakatairanga i te mātauranga i roto i ngā huarahi tika, whakaute, me te whai hua ki te hapori.
