Ngā Rōpū Hapori me ō rātou Āhuatanga
Ko ngā rōpū pāpori te tūāpapa o te taunekeneke tangata me te whanaketanga hapori. E rua, neke atu rānei ngā tāngata e taunekeneke ana, e whakapuaki ana i ngā whāinga, ngā whakapono, ngā hiahia rānei. He uaua, he maha ngā āhuatanga o ngā mahi i roto i ēnei rōpū, ā, he nui te whai wāhi ki te whakatutukitanga whaiaro me te mahi hapori. Ka rukuhia e tēnei tuhinga te ao uaua o ngā rōpū pāpori, e tūhuratia ana ō rātou momo, te hiranga, ngā ariā hinengaro e karapoti ana i a rātou, me ō rātou pānga ki ngā whanonga takitahi me te whanonga ā-rōpū.
Ngā Momo Rōpū Hapori
Ka taea te whakarōpū whānui i ngā rōpū pāpori ki ētahi momo i runga i ō rātou āhua, mahi, me te pumau. Mā te mārama ki ēnei momo ka āwhina i te mārama ki ngā momo āhua me ō rātou whanaketanga.
1. Ngā Rōpū Matua: He iti ēnei, he piripono, ā, he roa te wā e mau ana. Hei tauira, ko te whānau me ngā hoa tata. Ko ngā rōpū tuatahi he whanaungatanga piripono, kanohi ki te kanohi, ā, he mea nui ki te whanaketanga o te kare ā-roto me te pāpori o te takitahi.
2. Ngā Rōpū Tuarua: He nui ake ēnei rōpū, ā, he kore-whaiaro ake i ngā rōpū tuatahi. He maha ngā wā ka arotahi ki ngā mahi, ā, he iti te wā. Hei tauira, ko ngā hononga ngaio, ngā akomanga, me ngā rōpū tōrangapū. He ōkawa ake, he iti ake te whaiaro o ngā whanaungatanga i roto i ngā rōpū tuarua, e aro ana ki ngā whāinga, ki ngā mahi rānei kua whakaritea.
3. Ngā Rōpū Tohutoro: Ka whakaratohia e ēnei rōpū ngā paerewa me ngā paearu hei whakataurite mā ngā tāngata takitahi. Mā roto i ngā rōpū tohutoro, ka whakatauhia e ngā tāngata ngā tikanga pāpori, ngā uara, me ngā whanonga, hei āwhina i te hanganga o ō rātou tuakiri pāpori me te tuakiri whaiaro.
4. Ngā Rōpū-ā-roto me ngā Rōpū-ā-waho: Mā ēnei kupu ka wehewehea ngā rōpū e whakaarohia ana e te tangata nō roto rātou (ngā rōpū-ā-roto) me te hunga kāore e nō roto rātou (ngā rōpū-ā-waho). Ka taea e te whakaaro pākiki ā-roto te arahi ki te manaakitanga me te kotahitanga i waenga i ngā mema o te rōpū, engari ka taea e ngā waiaro ā-waho te whakatairanga i te whakahāwea me te whakahāwea.
5. Whatunga Hapori: He ariā whānui tēnei, e pā ana ki te hononga o ngā tāngata takitahi mā roto i ngā whatunga whanaungatanga pāpori. Ka taea e ngā whatunga pāpori te awe i te oranga whaiaro, te urunga atu ki ngā rauemi, me te horapa o ngā mōhiohio.
Te Hiranga o ngā Rōpū Hapori
He mea nui ngā rōpū pāpori mō ngā take maha. Ka tautokohia ngā mema e rātou, ka whakawhiwhia ki te haumaru, ki te noho tahi, me te whakaute i a rātou anō. Ka āwhina hoki ngā rōpū i te whakawhanaungatanga, arā, te tukanga e ako ai, e whakauru ai hoki ngā tāngata i ngā tikanga me ngā uara o te hapori. Hei tāpiri, he mea nui ngā rōpū pāpori ki te wehewehe i te mahi me te whakaritenga i roto i ngā hapori uaua ake, e whai wāhi ana ki te whakaritenga me te pumau o te hapori.
He ara anō hoki ngā rōpū pāpori mō ngā huringa pāpori. He maha ngā wā ka tīmata ngā nekehanga i roto i ngā rōpū iti, whakatapua e whai kaupapa kotahi ana. I roto i te wā, ka taea e ēnei nekehanga te whānui ake, ka awe i ngā tikanga me ngā kaupapa here whānui o te hapori.
Ngā Ariā Hinengaro mō ngā Āhuatanga Rōpū
He maha ngā ariā hinengaro e whakamārama ana i ngā āhuatanga o ngā rōpū pāpori. E whakaatu ana ēnei ariā i te take e uru atu ai ngā tāngata ki ngā rōpū, me pēhea tā rātou whanonga i roto i ngā rōpū, me ngā hua o te noho hei mema mō te rōpū.
1. Ariā Tuakiri Hapori: Nā Henri Tajfel i whakatakoto, e kī ana tēnei ariā ka ahu mai tētahi wāhanga o te whakaaro whaiaro o te tangata i ngā rōpū e noho tahi ana rātou. Ka taea e te tuakiri rōpū kaha te whakarei ake i te whakaaro whaiaro. Heoi anō, ka taea hoki e ia te arahi ki te manakohanga i roto i te rōpū me te whakahāwea i waho o te rōpū.
2. Te Kotahitanga o te Rōpū: E pā ana tēnei ki ngā hononga e pupuri ana i tētahi rōpū. He pai ake te whai hua o ngā rōpū tino kotahitanga engari he ngāwari ki te whakaaro rōpū, ina pehia te whakahē me te whakaaroaro arohaehae e te hiahia mō te rangimārie.
3. Te Whakatairanga Hapori: I rangahauhia tuatahitia e Norman Triplett, e kī ana te whakatairanga hapori ka taea te whakapai ake i te mahi a te tangata takitahi ina noho tahi me ētahi atu. I tetahi atu taha, ina uaua, ina hou rānei ngā mahi, ka taea e te noho tahi me ētahi atu te whakanui ake i te manukanuka me te whakararu i te mahi.
4. Te Whakaōrite me te Ngāwari: E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau a Solomon Asch rāua ko Stanley Milgram i te āhua o te pehanga me te mana o te rōpū e ārahi ai ki te whakaōrite me te ngāwari. Ka āwhina ēnei whanonga ki te pupuri i te rangimarie me te mahi a te rōpū engari ka taea hoki te hua ake i ngā mahi hē.
5. Te Wehewehenga Rōpū me te Whakaaro Rōpū: I ētahi wā ka whakatau ngā rōpū i ngā whakataunga tino nui atu i te hiahia tuatahi o ō rātou mema (wehewehenga rōpū). Ko te whakaaro rōpū, i tētahi atu taha, ko te hua o te hiahia mō te rangimārie he whakatau koretake.
Pānga ki te Whanoke Takitahi me te Whanoke ā-Rōpū
He hohonu, he whānui hoki te awe o ngā rōpū pāpori ki ngā whanonga takitahi. Ka pā te noho mema ki te rōpū ki te whakaaro nui ki a ia anō, ki ngā whanonga, ki ngā waiaro, me ngā tirohanga. Hei tauira, he maha ngā wā ka whai ngā tāngata i ngā tikanga o te rōpū kia whakaaetia ai, ka arahi pea ēnei ki ngā whanonga pai pērā i te mahi tahi me te atawhai tangata, engari ki ngā hua kino anō hoki pērā i te whakahāwea me te whanonga kore tikanga.
I te taha pai, ka taea e ngā rōpū te whakanui ake i ngā whanonga whai hua me ngā whanonga whakangaro. I te taha pai, ka taea e ngā rōpū kotahi te akiaki i te auahatanga, te tautoko i te mahi a te hapori mā roto i ngā mahi whakarite, me te kawe mai i ngā huringa pāpori. I te taha kino, ka taea e ngā rōpū te hora i ngā kōrero teka, te whakatairanga i te whakaaro rōpū, me te whakanui ake i te pakanga.
I roto i te ao hou, kua whakauruhia mai e ngā rōpū pāpori me ngā whatunga matihiko ngā āhuatanga hou me ngā uauatanga. Ka taea e ngā rōpū ipurangi te tuku tautoko me te hapori engari he wero anō hoki pērā i te tukino ipurangi me te horapa tere o ngā kōrero teka. Kua whakapōturitia hoki e te ao matihiko ngā rārangi i waenga i ngā rōpū-roto me ngā rōpū-waho, ka hangaia he rūma whakaata e whakakaha ana i ngā whakapono me ngā whakaaro pākiki o nāianei.
Opaniraa
He mea nui ngā rōpū pāpori me ō rātou āhuatanga ki te hanganga o te hapori. Ka hangaia e rātou ngā tuakiri takitahi, ka awe i ngā whanonga, ka whai wāhi hoki ki te hononga me te mahi pāpori. Mā te mārama ki ngā momo, te hiranga, me ngā pūtake hinengaro o ngā rōpū pāpori ka āwhina i te whakatere me te whakapai ake i ā tātou taunekeneke i roto i a rātou. I te whanaketanga tonu o te hapori, ka pērā anō te āhua me ngā āhuatanga o ngā rōpū pāpori, me haere tonu te ako me te urutau.
