Ngā Rautaki Haumaru Whakatere Waka me Mōhio Koe
He mea nui te haumaru moana i roto i te umanga moana. Mai i te hoahoa kaipuke me ngā mahi kaipuke ki ngā tikanga ohorere, me whai whakaaro me te whakahaere i ngā āhuatanga maha i roto i te huarahi whakakotahi hei whakaiti i ngā mōrearea me te whakarei ake i te haumaru. Ka arotakehia e tēnei tuhinga ngā rautaki haumaru moana nui hei whakarite i te haumaru o ngā pāhihi, ngā kaimahi, me te tiaki i te taiao moana.
Ngā Ture me ngā Paerewa Haumaru
Ko te Whakahaere Moana o te Ao (IMO) he tari motuhake o te Kotahitanga o ngā Whenua e whai kawenga ana ki te whakatakoto i ngā paerewa o te ao mō te haumaru moana, te haumarutanga, me te mahi taiao. Ko te Kawenata o te Ao mō te Haumaru o te Oranga ki te Moana (SOLAS) me te Kawenata o te Ao mō te Ārai i te Parahanga mai i ngā Waka (MARPOL) ētahi o ngā ture maha i whakawhanakehia e te IMO hei whakapai ake i te haumaru me te mōhiotanga taiao i roto i te rāngai moana.
1. Te whakatinanatanga o te SOLAS
E whakatakoto ana te Kawenata SOLAS i ngā paerewa iti rawa mō te hanganga, ngā taputapu, me te whakahaere kaipuke hei whakarite i te haumaru o ngā pāhihi me ngā kaimahi. He whānuitia ngā āhuatanga o ngā ture SOLAS, tae atu ki ngā tukanga kawe utanga, ngā tikanga haumaru, me ngā taputapu tiaki. Ko te whakatinana me te whai i ngā ture SOLAS he taahiraa tuatahi nui i roto i te rautaki haumaru moana.
2. Te Whakangungu me te Whakangungu Auau
Kaua e warewarehia te hiranga o ngā whakangungu haumaru auau. Me whakahaere e ngā kaipuke ngā whakangungu haumaru auau e uru ana ngā mema katoa o te kapa. Kei roto i ēnei whakangungu ngā whakangungu ahi, ngā whakangungu whakawātea, me ngā whakangungu whakahaere rauemi morearea. Me whakarato hoki ki ngā mema o te kapa he whakangungu motuhake mō te whakamahi i ngā taputapu haumaru pēnei i ngā koti ora, ngā poti ora, me ngā pūnaha whakaoho.
3. Te Whakahaere Tiaki Waka
He mea nui te tiaki me te tiaki i ngā taputapu i ia wā, i ia wā, hei pupuri i te kaipuke kia pai te āhua. Me tirotiro auau ngā pūnaha kaipuke katoa, tae atu ki te pūnaha whakatere, te pūnaha hiko, me ngā pūnaha haumaru. He mea nui te tiaki i te wā tika me te rapurongoā tere hei ārai i ngā aituā i puta mai i ngā hapa miihini, hiko rānei.
4. Hangarau Whakatere Hou
Ko te whakatinanatanga o ngā hangarau whakatere matatau pēnei i te GPS, te AIS (Aunoa Tāutu Pūnaha), te radar, me te ECDIS (Electronic Chart Display and Information System) kei te whakapai ake i te haumaru o te kaipuke. Mā ēnei hangarau ka taea te aroturuki i te tūranga o te kaipuke i te wā tūturu, te kimi i ngā mea e karapoti ana, me te whakatau i ngā huarahi pai hei karo i ngā tukinga me ētahi atu tūponotanga i te moana.
5. Pūnaha Whakahaere Haumaru (SMS)
He anga ōkawa te SMS i hangaia hei tautuhi me te whakahaere i ngā mōrearea whakahaere, me te whakarite kia tutukihia ngā ture haumaru e tika ana. Ko te whakatinanatanga o te SMS i runga i te kaipuke ko te tuhi i ngā tikanga haumaru, te aroturuki tonu, ngā arotake ā-roto me ā-waho, me te ripoata i ngā aituā me ngā aituā. Mā tēnei ka taea te mahi whakatikatika hei ārai i ngā aituā rite i te heke mai.
6. Te Whakahaere Haumaru i ngā Utauta
He mea nui te whakahaere haumaru me te penapena utanga mō te haumaru moana. Mēnā kāore i te tiakina pai, ka raru pea te kaipuke, ka pāngia rānei e ngā aituā i te haerenga. Me aro nui ki te whakahaere utanga morearea, ā, me tutuki hoki ki ngā ture tino pakari, pērā i te International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG).
7. Ngā Tikanga Āwhati me te SAR
Me whai taputapu whānui mō ngā āhuatanga ohorere me ngā taputapu rapu me te whakaora (SAR) ia kaipuke. Kei roto i tēnei ko ngā mahere whakawātea, te whakamahinga o ngā waka ora, me te mahi tahi me ngā mana whakahaere SAR ā-rohe me te ao. Me mōhio ngā kaimahi ki ēnei tikanga, ā, me whakangungu hoki kia tere ai te whakawātea me te haumaru i ngā āhuatanga ohorere.
8. Te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga a MARPOL
Ko MARPOL te taputapu matua a te IMO e aro ana ki te parahanga moana ā-tūpono me te kore ā-tūpono e puta mai ana i ngā mahi kaipuke me ngā tukunga para. Ko te whakatutukitanga i te MARPOL ko te whakarite kia tika te whakahaere me te whakakorenga o ngā para me te whakamahi i ngā pūnaha whakahaere wai papa me te wai taumaha e tika ana hei ārai i te parahanga moana.
9. Te Tūranga o te Kāpene me ngā Āpiha o te kaipuke
He mahi nui tā te kāpene me ngā āpiha o tētahi kaipuke i roto i te haumaru moana. Ko rātou te kawenga mō te whakatere, te tirotiro i ngā mahi i runga kaipuke, me te whakatinana i ngā tikanga haumaru katoa. Me mōhio te kāpene ki ngā āhuatanga o te rangi, ngā huarahi haumaru, me te whakahaere kaimahi. He mea nui te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero whai hua i waenga i te kāpene, ngā āpiha, me te kaimahi ki ngā mahi haumaru me te whai hua.
10. Te Whakamahinga o te Whare Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero Moana
He mea nui te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero whai hua i waenga i ngā kaipuke me ngā mana whakahaere tauranga, i waenga rānei i ngā kaipuke. Mā te whakamahi i te reo irirangi VHF hei pūrongo i ngā tūranga o ngā kaipuke, te rangi, me ētahi atu āhuatanga ka āwhina i te ārai i ngā tukinga, ā, ka taea hoki te whakarato āwhina tere mēnā e tika ana. Ka āwhina hoki te pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti kōrero moana pai ki te whakarato whakatūpato wawe mō te rangi kino, mō ētahi atu tūponotanga rānei.
11. Te Tirotiro i te Taiao Mahi ā-Iwi
He rite tonu te hiranga o te whakarite i tētahi taiao mahi haumaru i runga i te kaipuke. Kei roto i tēnei tirotiro ko te whakatinana i ngā mahi ārai ahi, te whakahaere i ngā matū morearea, me te whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te hinganga, o ngā whara rānei e pā ana ki te mahi. Me whakatō he ahurea haumaru ki roto i ngā mema katoa o te kapa kia mōhio ai rātou ki ngā tūponotanga mōrearea, ā, kia piripono hoki ki te whai i ngā tikanga mahi haumaru.
12. Te Auahatanga Haumaru me te Rangahau
Kei te whanake tonu te umanga moana me ngā mahi auaha hou e aro ana ki te whakapai ake i te haumaru o ngā kaipuke. Kei te haere tonu te rangahau me te whakawhanake i ngā hangarau haumaru hou pēnei i ngā kaipuke motuhake, ngā pūoko kite tūpono, me ngā rauemi ātete ahi. Ko te whai i ēnei whanaketanga me te whakatinana i ngā hangarau matatau he rautaki nui hei whakaiti i te mōrearea me te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te whakahaere.
Whakamutunga
He kawenga ngātahi te haumaru moana, e uru ana ngā kaiwhakahaere kaipuke, ngā kaimahi kaipuke, ngā mana whakahaere tauranga, me ngā whakahaere o te ao. He mea nui te whai me te whakatinana i ngā rautaki haumaru kua kōrerotia i runga ake nei kia haumaru ai, kia whai hua ai hoki te tuku kaipuke. Mā te whakatinana i ngā ture tino pakari, te whakahaere i ngā whakangungu haumaru me ngā mahi whakangungu auau, me te whakamahi i ngā hangarau hou, ka taea te whakaiti i te mōrearea o ngā aituā, kia haumaru ake ai te tuku kaipuke mō ngā rōpū katoa e whai wāhi ana.
