Ngā Tikanga Whakatere i ngā Āhuatanga Kino o te Huarere
He mahi tino pāngia te whakatere waka e ngā āhuatanga o te taiao. Ka taea e ngā hau kaha, ngā ngaru teitei, te ua nui, te kohu, tae atu ki ngā whatitiri te whakarerekē i te āhua o te moana i roto i ngā meneti ruarua. Nō reira, ko te kaha ki te whakahaere i te mōrearea me te whakamahi i ngā tikanga whakatere waka tika i te wā kino he pūkenga nui mō ia heramana, ahakoa i runga i ngā kaipuke hokohoko, i ngā kaipuke hī ika, i ngā waka whakangahau rānei. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga ngā mātāpono, te whakarite, me ngā tikanga mō te whakatere waka haumaru me te whai hua i te wā kino o te rangi i te moana.
Te Mārama ki te Huarere Kino me ōna Mōrearea
Kāore te huarere kino i te moana e tohu ana i te tupuhi nui. Ko ngā āhuatanga ka taea te whakarōpū hei huarere kino ko te tere o te hau i runga ake i te tikanga, ngā ngaru pari me ngā ngaru koretake, ngā ia kaha, te iti o te tirohanga nā te kohu, te ua rānei, me te ngohe hiko o te hau (uira). Ko ngā pānga tonu ko te iti o te mana whakahaere kaipuke, te piki ake o te tūponotanga o te kino o te hanganga, te mōrearea o te nekehanga utanga, te ngenge o te kapa, me te iti o te kaha whakatere nā te iti o te tirohanga.
Ko tētahi o ngā tūponotanga matua ko te huinga o te hau me ngā ngaru e puta mai ana i tētahi ahunga motuhake, ka pā te kaipuke ki ngā ngaru, ka mimiti te wai mai i te ihu, i te kei rānei (te wai kakariki), ā, ka tūpono pea ka nui rawa te tūponotanga, ka ngaro pea te pumau. Mō ngā kaipuke iti, ka nui ake te tūponotanga nā te iti o te kaha o te mīhini, te rahi o te anga, me te kaha ki te kawe ngaru.
Te Whakamahere i mua i te Whakaterenga (Te Ara o te Huarere)
Ka tīmata ngā tikanga whakatere haumaru i te wā kino o te rangi i mua noa atu i te wehenga atu o te kaipuke i te tauranga. Ko te whakamahere huarahi e ahu mai ana i te rangi (te huarahi huarere) e aro nui ana ki te whakamahinga o ngā matapae huarere me te moana hei whiriwhiri i tētahi huarahi e whakaiti ana i te pānga o ngā tupuhi, ngā ngaru teitei, me ngā ia kino. Me tirotiro e te rangatira me te āpiha whakatere:
1. Ngā matapae mō te hau me te ngaru mō te 24–72 hāora pea kei mua.
2. Mahere pēhanga hau hei tiro i te nekehanga o ngā pūnaha awhiowhio, āwhiowhio rānei.
3. Ngā whakatūpato whakatere me ngā mōhiohio mai i te BMKG, i ngā ratonga huarere ā-rohe rānei.
4. Ngā āhuatanga o te tai me te au, inā koa i ngā kokoru whaiti, ngā awaawa me ngā wai pāpaku.
Mena kei te tohu ngā tohu huarere i ngā āhuatanga kino, ko te kōwhiringa pai ko te whakaroa i te wehenga. Ehara tēnei whakatau i te ngoikore, engari he wāhanga o te whakahaere mōrearea ngaio.
Te Whakarite i te Waka me te Kaimahi
Ina uaua te karo i te huarere kino, he mea nui te whakarite kia taea ai e te kaipuke te "ora" i ēnei āhuatanga.
1. Te Whaihua me te Tirotiro Taputapu
Me whakarite kia tika te mahi a te pūnaha urungi, te mīhini, te papu wai, ngā taputapu whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, te radar, te AIS, te GPS, me ngā rama whakatere. Tirohia ngā tatau ārai-wai, ngā hauhautanga, ngā taupoki, me ngā raka hei ārai i te urunga mai o te wai. Me rite hoki ngā taputapu haumaru pēnei i ngā koti ora, ngā waka ora, ngā EPIRB, me ngā rama tohu mō te whakamahi.
2. Te Whakaritenga me te Pūmautanga o te Utaina
Ka taea e ngā utanga kāore i te tino tiakina te nekeneke nā te kaha o te nekehanga o te kaipuke. Ko te neke utanga tētahi o ngā tino take o te ngaronga o te pumau i te wā kino o te rangi. Nō reira, tāutahia he here tāpiri, tirohia ngā pūwāhi here, ā, kia kore ai te tohatoha kawenga e taumaha rawa te tihi o te kaipuke. Mō ngā kaipuke pāhihi, kia noho ngā pāhihi kia rite ki ngā tikanga haumaru, ā, kia whakawhāitihia te urunga ki ngā papa tuwhera.
3. Whakamōhiotanga me te Tauira Mātakitaki mō ngā Kaimahi
Ka piki ake te mahi me te ahotea i te kino o te rangi. Me whakarato e te kāpene he whakamārama: te mahere huarahi, te matapae huarere, te tohatoha mahi, me ngā tikanga ohorere. Whakatinanahia he kaupapa tirotiro hei pupuri i te hauora o te kapa, nā te mea me nui te aro ki ngā whakataunga whakatere.
Ngā Tikanga Whakatere me te Whakahaere i te Huarere Kino
1. Te Whakatikatika i te Ara ki ngā Ngaru
Ko tētahi mātāpono nui ko te karo i ngā tūranga e ngāwari ai te waka ki te hurihuri, ki te ru nui rānei. I te nuinga o te wā:
– Mā te anga atu ki ngā ngaru mai i mua (te moana matua) ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te huripokitanga, engari ka nui ake te pakaru me te pēhanga i runga i te ihu o te waka. Me whakaiti te tere.
– Ko ngā ngaru mai i te taha (te moana kurupae) te nuinga o ngā wā kāore i te whakamarie, i te morearea hoki, nā te mea ka nui ake te hurihuri me te mōrearea o te nekehanga o te kawenga.
– Ka taea e ngā ngaru mai i muri (e whai ana i te moana) te whakatere i te kaipuke me te kore e taea te whakahaere, ka puta ai te ngaru (ka huri ohorere te kaipuke, kātahi ka tino piko).
Ko tētahi tikanga e whakamahia ana i te nuinga o te wā, ko te anga whakarara ki te ahunga o ngā ngaru (te moana hauwhā) i tētahi koki haumaru ake, me te whakarerekē anō hoki i te tere kia kore ai te kaipuke e "whai" i te tihi o ngā ngaru.
2. Whakahaere Tere
Ka nui ake te tūponotanga o ngā pānga kino o te waka me te urunga o te wai ki runga i te papa i te tere nui o ngā ngaru teitei. Heoi, mā te tere iti rawa ka ngaro te kaha o te waka ki te urungi, ā, ka ngāwari ake te hurihanga e ngā ngaru. Nō reira, me pupuri e te kāpene te tere haumaru: he nui hei pupuri i te mana urungi, engari kaua e nui hei pakaru.
I ētahi kaipuke, mā te whakaoho mārire (kaua e ohorere) i te miihini ka āwhina i te ārai i ngā huringa nui o te whakapaipai. Me whakarite hoki kia tutuki te tere o te miihini i ngā taunakitanga a te kaihanga mō te mahi taumaha.
3. Ngā Tikanga "Te Hīki-ki" me te "Te Takoto i te Waka-A" (Ariā Whānui)
I runga i ngā kaipuke tere, i ētahi poti iti rānei, he tikanga e kiia nei ko te "heaving-to," arā, ko te pupuri i tētahi tūranga e pā ana ki te hau me ngā ngaru hei whakapai ake i te pumau, hei whakaiti i te tere, hei tuku hoki i te hunga mahi kia okioki. I taua wā, ko te "takoto i te waka," arā, te tuku i te waka kia rere me te iti o te mana whakahaere, kāore i te tautokona i runga i te maha o ngā waka hou nā te mea kei te tūpono te waka ki te kore e pā ki ngā ngaru. Ko te tikanga, me whakarite ngā tikanga pupuri-ki-te-taumaha ki te momo o te waka, te kaha o te miihini, me te kaha o te nekeneke e wātea ana.
4. Āta karohia ngā wai pāpaku
He pari ake, he whatiwhati hoki ngā ngaru i ngā wai pāpaku, ā, he tino morearea mō ngā waka iti me ngā waka nunui. I te wā kino o te rangi, me karo ngā huarahi i ngā wāhi pāpaku, ngā toka, me ngā wai whaiti e akiaki ana i ngā waka ki te neke tata ki ngā tūponotanga whakatere.
5. Te Whakatere i te Kitenga Poto
Ka whakaitihia te tirohanga o ētahi atu kaipuke, ngā tohu moana, te takutai moana rānei e te kohu me te ua nui. Whakamahia ngā mātāpono o te whakatere haumaru:
– Whakamahia te radar ka whakarerekē i te tauine/tātari (te mea e ngau ana i te moana, te mea e ngau ana i te ua) kia rite ki ngā āhuatanga.
– Whakahohehia, aroturukihia hoki te AIS, engari kaua e whakawhirinaki katoa ki tēnei mea nā te mea kāore e taea e ngā kaipuke katoa te tuku tika i ngā raraunga AIS.
– Whakaitihia te tere, me te whakanui ake i te mātakitaki tirohanga me te mātakitaki whakarongo.
– Ka tangi te tohu kohu e ai ki ngā ture (COLREG).
– Me whakarite kia tirohia anō ngā ara tuku kaipuke kei runga i te tūtohi hiko me te tūtohi pepa (mēnā e wātea ana).
Te Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero, Ngā Whakataunga, me te Whakahaere Mōrearea
Ina kino haere te huarere, he mea nui te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero mō te haumaru. Mēnā e tika ana, me ripoata ngā āhuatanga ki ngā mana whakahaere ā-rohe, me pupuri tonu te whakapā atu ki te reo irirangi, me te whakarite i ngā karere ohorere. Heoi, ko te mea tino nui ko te kaha o te kāpene ki te whakatau: me haere tonu, me huri te huarahi, me rapu piringa, me hoki rānei ki te tauranga.
Ka taea te rapu piringa i roto i te kokoru, i ngā wai marumaru rānei, engari me whai whakaaro ki te hohonu, te wāhi e piu ai te waka, te tūponotanga o te taunga, me te ahunga o te hau. Me whakarite kia tino tupato te punga i te wā kino: whakamahia te punga tika, kia aro ki te roa o te mekameka, ā, kia rite te mīhini mō ngā nekeneke tere mēnā ka tō te punga.
Te Urupare Āwhati
Ka taea e te huarere kino te whakaoho i ngā āhuatanga ohorere pēnei i te urunga mai o te wai, te pakaru o te urungi, te motuhanga o te hiko, te whara rānei o ngā kaimahi. Ko ētahi o ngā mahi matua ko:
1. Te whakahaere i te turuturu: katihia te urunga wai, whakahohehia te papu waipara, ka whakarite i tētahi wāhi ārai ohorere.
2. Kia mau tonu te pumau: karohia te whakawhiti utanga tūpono, arotakehia te taumaha taumaha mēnā he mea kei roto, ā, whakaitihia te hurihuri mā te whakarerekē i te ara.
3. Āwhina tuatahi: kia ngāwari te uru atu ki ngā taputapu hauora, me te rongoā i ngā whara i puta mai i te hinganga, i te pānga rānei.
4. Whakaritea ngā tohu ohorere: ngā tikanga EPIRB, beacon, SART, me MAYDAY mēnā e tika ana.
He tino āwhina te whakaharatau auau i mua i te whakatere waka, nā te mea i te wā kino o te rangi, ka poto ake te wā tauhohe, ā, he nui ake te tūponotanga ka puta ngā hapa.
Whakamutunga
Ko ngā tikanga whakatere i ngā āhuatanga kino o te rangi ehara i te mea ko te "whakaeke i ngā ngaru" anake, engari ko te whakamahere tupato, te whakarite i te kaipuke me te kapa, me te nekeneke tika hei pupuri i te pumau me te whakahaere. Ko te urungi ki ngā ngaru, te whakahaere tere, te whakatere i te wā e iti ana te tirohanga, me te whakatau i te wā e rapu piringa ai, he wāhanga nui katoa ēnei o te haumaru. Hei whakamutunga, me noho tonu te haumaru hei kaupapa matua. Ko te whakaroa i te haerenga, te huri rānei i te huarahi hei karo i ngā mōrearea nui, he maha ngā wā ko te kōwhiringa whakaaro nui rawa atu i te ao whakatere.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e au te whakarerekē i tēnei tuhinga kia hangarau ake (hei tauira, mā ngā tauira moana) kia rongonui ake rānei mā ngā kaipānui whānui, me te tāpiri atu hoki i ngā wāhanga iti motuhake e ai ki te momo kaipuke (kaihokohoko, kaipuke hī ika, kaipuke whakatere, waka tere rānei).
