He Aratohu mō te Whakatau i te Ara Tuku Pai rawa atu
Ko te whakatau i tētahi ara kaipuke tino pai ehara i te mea ko te whiriwhiri noa i te ara poto rawa atu mai i te pūwāhi A ki te pūwāhi B. I roto i te horopaki o ngā kaipuke arumoni, te hī ika, me ngā kaipuke pāhihi, ko te ara "tino pai" te ara tino whai hua e pā ana ki te wā, te utu, te haumaru, te whakapaunga wahie, ngā āhuatanga o te rangi, ngā ia o te moana, te kiato o ngā waka, me te wātea o ngā ratonga tauranga. Ka taea e ngā hapa whakamahere huarahi te arahi ki ngā whakaroa, te moumou wahie, te mōrearea o ngā aituā, tae noa ki ngā ngaronga mahi. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga ngā mahi whai hua me ngā whakaaro nui mō te whakatau i tētahi ara kaipuke tino pai.
1. Kia Mārama ki te Kaupapa me ngā Here o te Mahi
Ko te taahiraa tuatahi ko te tautuhi i te tikanga o te "tino pai" mō tō haerenga. He rerekē ngā kaupapa matua o ia kaiwhakahaere. Tērā pea ka aro nui ngā kaipuke utanga ki te penapena wahie me te wā tika, ko ngā kaipuke pāhihi ia ka aro nui ki te whakamarie me te haumaru. Nō reira, whakatūria ngā tawhā matua pēnei i:
– Te wā ūnga o te taenga mai (ETA) me te manawanui whakaroa
– Te rohenga wahie (tahua wahie)
– Ngā rohenga wai mō ngā ara wai pāpaku me ētahi tauranga
– Ngā momo utanga (hei tauira, ngā rauemi morearea, ngā utanga makariri, ngā utanga utu nui rānei) he ture motuhake ā rātou
– Āhua hangarau o te kaipuke: tere ōhanga, kaha whakahaere, rohe mahi miihini
Mā te whakamāramatanga mārama, ka taea e koe te aromatawai i tētahi ara, ehara i te mea mā te tawhiti anake, engari mā tōna mahi whānui hoki.
2. Kohikohi Raraunga Whakatere me te Taiao
Ko te whakamahere i tētahi huarahi kaipuke me whai raraunga tika, ā, me whai raraunga hou hoki. Ko ngā raraunga e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko:
– Ngā tūtohi moana: te hohonu, ngā arai, ngā rohe korara, ngā rohe kua rāhuitia
– Ngā mōhiohio tai: he mea nui mō ngā tauranga pāpaku me ngā wāhi whaiti
– Ngā au o te moana: ka taea e ngā au te tere ake, te whakaroa rānei i te haere
– Te huarere me ngā ngaru: ka pāngia te haumaru me te whakapaunga wahie e ngā hau kaha, ngā tupuhi, ngā ngaru me te teitei o ngā ngaru.
– Ngā raraunga mō te haere o ngā waka: ka piki ake te mōrearea o ngā tukinga nā ngā wāhi kīkī (kaupapa wehewehe waka/TSS)
– Ngā Pānui ki ngā Kaihōpara: ngā whakahōutanga mō ngā tūponotanga whakatere, ngā whakarerekētanga pōito, ngā mahi hanga moana, me ētahi atu.
He nui te mōrearea o te whakamahi i ngā raraunga tawhito nā te mea ka puta he huringa ki ngā āhuatanga o te wai nā te oneone, ngā huringa ki ngā tohu whakatere, ngā kaupapa here kaipuke rānei.
3. Tāutuhia ngā Huarahi Rerekē (Ngā Kōwhiringa Huarahi)
Kia oti te kohikohi i ngā raraunga, waihangahia ētahi huarahi kē atu. Hei te iti rawa, whakaritea:
1. Te ara poto rawa (te tawhiti poto rawa)
2. Te ara haumaru (te karo i ngā wāhi whaiti/ngā korara/te waka nui)
3. Te ara tino penapena wahie (te whakamahi i ngā ia me te karo i ngā ngaru teitei)
4. Ngā ara tārua mō ngā āhuatanga ohorere pēnei i te kino haere o te rangi, te kī tonu rānei o ngā tauranga ūnga
He maha ngā wā ko te huarahi pai ko te whakarite i tētahi huarahi: he paku tawhiti atu, engari he pumau ake, he penapena wahie hoki nā te iti o ngā ngaru, nā te āwhina rānei o ia au.
4. Te Aromatawai i te Āhua Haumaru hei Kaupapa Matua
Ko te haumaru te mea nui. Me whakaaro anō ki ngā ara tere e tika ana mā roto i te wai pāpaku , i ngā wāhi rānei e pāngia ana e te huarere kino. Arotakehia:
– Te hohonu iti rawa ki te whakataurite ki te tōpana o te kaipuke, ā, e hiahiatia ana i raro i te āputa o te keel
– Ngā mōrearea whakatere: ngā awaawa whaiti, ngā piko koi, ngā rohe korara, ngā taura raro moana
– Ngā huarere o te wā: ngā hauāwhiowhio, ngā awhiowhio pārūrū, ngā tauira hau o te wā rānei
– Ngā mōrearea haumarutanga: ngā wāhi e pāngia ana e te tahae me te hara moana
– Te whakarite mō te whakatahe / te rapunga ohorere: te urunga ki te tauranga tata rawa atu mēnā he āhuatanga ohorere
He huarahi pai ko te waihanga i tētahi matihiko mōrearea māmā (iti-waenganui-tiketike) mō ia wāhanga huarahi.
5. Tātaihia te Wā Haere me te Whakapaunga Wahie e Tatau Ana
Ko te whakapaunga wahie te mea nui rawa atu mō te arotautanga. Hei tatau, whakaarohia:
– Te tere ōhanga (tere taiao) vs te tere mōrahi
– Te pānga o te au me te hau ki te tere i runga i te whenua
– Ngā āhuatanga o te ngaru e whakanui ana i te ātete o te tinana o te kaipuke
– Ngā tauira whakahaere mīhini me te whakamahinga o te whakaputa hiko/āwhina
Whakamahia he huarahi wāhanga-i-te-wāhanga. Hei tauira, mō ia wāhanga huarahi, whakatauhia te tere ūnga, whakatau tata i ngā āhuatanga o te rangi, kātahi ka tatau i ngā whakaritenga wahie. I roto i ngā mahi o nāianei, he maha ngā kaiwhakahaere e whakamahi ana i te pūmanawa arotau haerenga e whakakotahi ana i ngā matapae huarere, ngā raraunga whakamahinga o mua, me ngā tauira mahi kaipuke.
6. Whakaarohia te Kikī o te Waka me ngā Ture
Me tutuki hoki te huarahi tino pai ki ngā ture o te ao me ngā ture ā-rohe, pēnei i:
– Ngā COLREG (ngā ture ārai tukinga)
– Ngā tikanga TSS me ngā huarahi i whakatūria e ngā mana whakahaere moana
– Ngā rohe taiao pēnei i ngā rohe tiaki moana, ngā rohe whakahaere tukunga rānei (ECA)
– Ngā herenga tere i ētahi wāhi (hei tauira, tata ki ngā tauranga, ki ngā wāhi tiaki taiao rānei)
– Ngā ture paerata: me whakamahi paerata ētahi tauranga/awaawa
Mena ka haere te huarahi mā roto i tētahi wāhi kikī o te waka, whakaarohia he wā tāpiri hei matapae i ngā nekenekehanga, ngā rarangi, ngā here rānei mai i te VTS (Vessel Traffic Service).
7. Aromatawai i ngā Taunga Waka me te Ritenga o te Whakahaere
Ko te huarahi tino pai ka pāngia e te whiriwhiringa o te tauranga e tau ai. Whakaarohia:
– Te wātea o te puranga/wahie me tōna kounga
– Ngā utu tauranga: utu tauranga, tōia, pailate, herenga
– Te wā tatari mō te whakakīkī
– Te wātea o ngā whakatikatika, ngā wāhanga e manawapa ana me ngā ratonga hauora
– Ngā whakaritenga tuhinga me ngā tikanga ka pā ki te roa o te noho
I ētahi wā, he pai ake te whai huatanga o tētahi ara roa ake mēnā he tere ake te wā huri i te tauranga e tau ana, ā, he iti ake hoki ngā utu.
8. Whakamahia te Hangarau: ECDIS, AIS, me te Ara Huarere
Ka taea e ngā hangarau hou te whakapai ake i te tika o te whakamahere huarahi:
– Ka āwhina a ECDIS ki te whakamahere ara me te aroturuki whakatere i te wā tūturu
– Ka aroturukihia e te AIS ngā waka me ngā wāhi kīkī hei karo.
– Mā te ara huarere ka tīpakohia ngā ara i runga i ngā matapae hau me ngā ngaru, ka whakaitihia te mōrearea me te whakapaunga wahie.
– Ka whakakotahi te tūāpapa arotakenga haerenga i ngā raraunga mahi kaipuke me ngā taunakitanga tere hihiri
Heoi anō, me whakamahi te hangarau hei taputapu, kaua hei whakakapi mō te whakaaro o te kaiwhakatere. Ka taea te huri i ngā raraunga, ā, he mea nui tonu te whakaaro o te tangata.
9. Waihangahia he Mahere Haerenga Katoa (ā, he Ngāwari hoki)
Me whakaatu te ara kua tīpakohia ki roto i tētahi mahere ara e whai ake nei:
– Ngā pūwāhi ara, ngā ara, ngā tawhiti i waenga i ngā pūwāhi, me te akoranga
– Ngā wāhi tūpono, ngā wāhi pūrongo, me ngā tikanga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero
– Ngā rohenga ara me ngā mahi whakatikatika
– Ngā huarahi rerekē me ngā tauranga ohorere (ngā tauranga piringa)
– He whakamōhiotanga mō te tīma kaitiaki
Kei roto hoki i tētahi mahere haerenga pai ngā horopaki "mēnā me te wā", hei tauira: ki te nui ake te teitei o te ngaru i tētahi paepae, ka whakaitihia te tere o te kaipuke, ka huri rānei i te huarahi ki tētahi ara tārua.
10. Whakahaerehia te Aroturuki me te Aromatawai i Muri i te Tukunga
He tukanga auau te arotakenga huarahi. Kia oti te haerenga, arotakehia:
– Te whakataurite i te mahere me te whakataurite i te tūturu (ETA, wahie, rerekētanga)
– Ko ēhea ngā wāhanga e tino pau ana te wahie, e roa ana rānei te wā e pau ana?
– Te tika o ngā matapae huarere me ngā whakataunga mō te whakarerekētanga huarahi
– Kia mōhio ki te tata pā, ki ngā āhuatanga morearea rānei
He mea whai hua ēnei raraunga mō te whakatikatika i ngā tauira whakamahere o muri mai. Mā te aromatawai i ngā mahi, ka taea e ngā kamupene kaipuke te whakapai haere i te whai huatanga i roto i ngā wā katoa.
Te Katinga
Ko te whakatau i te ara kaipuke tino pai he huinga o te pūtaiao whakatere, te whakahaere mōrearea , te whakamahinga raraunga, me te wheako mara. Ehara i te mea ko te ara pai rawa atu te mea poto rawa, engari ko te mea e tutuki ana i te taurite pai i waenga i te haumaru, te whai huatanga o te utu, te wā tika, me te tutuki i ngā ture. Mā te kohikohi i ngā raraunga tika, te whakawhanake i ngā ara rerekē, te whakatairanga i te haumaru, te whakamahi hangarau, me te aromatawai i ngā hua kaipuke, ka taea e koe te whakawhanake i ngā ara tino pai ake i roto i te wā.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e au te āwhina i a koe ki te waihanga i tētahi putanga hangarau ake (hei tauira, mō ngā kaipuke utanga, ngā kaipuke tāke, ngā kaipuke hī ika rānei) me ngā tauira tātaitanga māmā mō te ETA me ngā whakatau tata mō te whakapaunga wahie mō ia wāhanga huarahi.
