He Aratohu Whakatere Taketake mō ngā Tīmatanga
Pendahuluan
He wāhanga nui te whakatere waka i roto i te hītori o te tangata mō ngā mano tau, mai i te wā o te tūhuratanga ki te hokohoko ā-ao. Ahakoa kua tino whanake te hangarau whakatere waka hou, kei te whai tikanga tonu ngā kaupapa matua o te whakatere waka, ā, he mea nui tonu mō te hunga e tīmata ana ki ā rātou haerenga moana. Mā tēnei tuhinga ka whakaratohia he aratohu taketake mō ngā tīmatanga e hiahia ana ki te mārama me te tūhura i te ao o te whakatere waka.
He Hītori Poto mō te Whakatere
Ka taea te whai i ngā tikanga o te whakatere waka i ngā wā onamata, i te wā i ngana tuatahi ai te tangata ki te whakawhiti i ngā roto, ngā awa, me ngā moana i runga i ngā waka rakau, i ētahi atu rauemi rānei. I roto i ngā wā, ka tīmata ngā iwi moana pērā i ngā tāngata o Phoenicia, o ngā Kariki, me ngā Rōmana ki te whakawhanake i ngā waka matatau ake mō ngā mahi hōia me ngā mahi arumoni.
I ngā rautau 15 me te 16, nā ngā haerenga moana a Ūropi pērā i a Christopher Columbus rāua ko Ferdinand Magellan i tīmata ai tētahi wā tūhura moana i puta ai ngā huringa nui ki te ao. Mai i reira, ko ngā mahi auaha moana pērā i te kāpehu, ngā tūtohi moana , me te whakatere whetu i noho hei wāhanga nui o te pūtaiao whakatere.
Momo kaipuke
He nui ngā momo kaipuke o te ao kaipuke, he mea hanga mō tētahi kaupapa motuhake. Ko ētahi e mōhiotia ana mō ō rātou hītori, ko ētahi e mōhiotia ana mō ō rātou hangarau matatau.
Waka rere
Ko ngā kaipuke tere te momo waka tawhito rawa atu e whakamahia ana e te tangata. Ka whakawhirinaki rātou ki te kaha o te hau hei whakatere. Kei te whakamahia tonutia tēnei momo waka mō ngā mahi whakangahau me ngā hākinakina i ēnei rā.
Waka motopaika
I te rautau 19, i whakakapia ngā kaipuke tere e ngā waka tere, nā te hanganga o te mīhini mamaoa. Ka whakamahia e ēnei kaipuke ngā wahie pūmua hei whakakaha i ā rātou mīhini. Ko ētahi tauira o ngā kaipuke tere ko ngā kaipuke tāke, ngā kaipuke utanga, me ngā kaipuke pāhihi.
Ruku wai
He momo waka ruku moana ngā kaipuke i hangaia hei whakahaere i raro i te wai. Ko tēnei momo e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā mahi hōia, engari kei reira anō hoki ngā waka ruku ā-iwi mō ngā rangahau pūtaiao.
Whakatere Moana
He pūkenga tino nui te whakatere i roto i te whakatere waka. Ko te whakatere i te moana e whakamahi ana i ngā taputapu te mōhiotanga motuhake me te māramatanga ki ngā āhuatanga taiao pēnei i te hau, ngā ia o te moana, me ngā whetū.
Ngā Utauta Whakatere
1. Kāpehu: He taputapu taketake e whakaatu ana i te raki tūturu, ā, e āhei ai ngā heramana ki te whakatau i ētahi atu ahunga.
2. Ine ira: Hei ine i te koki i waenganui i ngā mea e rua i te rangi, ko te rā, ko ngā whetū rānei me te pae tawhiti, hei āwhina i te whakatau i te whānui o te kaipuke.
3. GPS (Pūnaha Tūnga Ao): He hangarau hou e whakamahi ana i ngā amiorangi hei whakatau i ngā taunga kaipuke me te tino tika.
Mahere Moana
He mahere motuhake te Tūtohi Moana e tuku ana i ngā mōhiohio taipitopito mō tētahi rohe wai motuhake, pērā i te hohonutanga o te wai, te wāhi o ngā tūponotanga whakatere, me ētahi atu āhuatanga nui pērā i ngā whare rama me ngā tauranga.
Te Huarere me ngā Au
He mea nui te mārama ki te huarere me ngā ia o te moana i roto i te whakatere waka. Me ako te hunga tīmata te pānui i tētahi mahere huarere moana me ngā tono huarere moana hou hei aroturuki i ngā āhuatanga hou ka pā ki tā rātou haerenga.
Haumaru i te Moana
He āhuatanga te haumaru e kore e taea te wareware i roto i te tuku kaipuke. Anei ētahi ngā mātāpono taketake o te haumaru i te moana.
Taputapu Haumaru
1. Ngā Wāhi Whakaora: Me mau, me ngāwari rānei te uru atu a te katoa i tētahi wāhi whakaora.
2. Waka Whakaora: I roto i tētahi āhuatanga ohorere, ko te waka whakaora te mahi haumaru whakamutunga hei whakaora i te ora.
3. EPIRB (Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon): Ka tukuna e tēnei taputapu he tohu ohorere ka taea te kite e ngā amiorangi hei whakahaere i ngā mahi whakaora.
Whakangungu Āwhina
Me whakahaere ngā whakangungu ohorere i ia wā, i ia wā, kia mōhio ai ngā pāhihi me ngā kaimahi katoa ki ngā mea hei mahi mēnā ka puta he āhuatanga ohorere, pērā i te ahi, te turuturu wai, te āhuatanga ohorere hauora rānei.
Whakawhitiwhiti kōrero
He mea nui ngā taputapu whakawhitiwhiti kōrero pēnei i te reo irirangi VHF hei pupuri i te whakapā atu ki ngā teihana takutai me ētahi atu kaipuke tata. Kia mōhio koe ki ngā nama me ngā auautanga ohorere e tika ana.
Ngā Tikanga Whakatere Taketake
Ko te whakatere waka e hiahia ana ki ngā pūkenga motuhake me te māramatanga hōhonu ki te whakahaere i te poti i roto i ngā āhuatanga rerekē.
Te Tautuhi i te Mata
He pūkenga taketake te whakatakoto i ngā rā. Me whakanoho ngā rā kia rite ki te ahunga o te hau kia tere ai, kia whakahaeretia ai hoki. Ko ngā kupu pēnei i te 'close-hauled', 'beam reach', me te 'running' e whakaahua ana i te tūranga o ngā rā ki te hau.
Te Whakahaere i te Wira Uru
Ko te whakahaere i te urungi, i te wira rānei tētahi atu pūkenga nui. Me mōhio koe ki te whakahaere i te kaipuke i te rārangi tika, i te tahuritanga rānei. Ko tētahi atu āhuatanga ko te mārama ki te pānga o ngā āhuatanga o te moana me te hau ki te huarahi o te kaipuke.
Tohutohu mō ngā Tīmatanga
Mena kei te tīmata noa koe i te ao o te whakatere waka, anei ētahi tohutohu hei āwhina i a koe ki te whakawhanake i ō pūkenga me ō mātauranga:
1. Haere ki tētahi Akoranga Whakatere Waka: Mā tētahi akoranga whakatere waka mai i tētahi whakahaere whai mana ka whakaratohia ngā mātauranga me ngā pūkenga taketake e hiahiatia ana.
2. Hono atu ki tētahi Karapu Waka: He maha ngā wā ka tukuna e ngā karapu waka o te rohe ngā akoranga me ngā whai wāhitanga nui ki te ako mai i ngā kaiwhakatere waka mohio.
3. Te Whakaharatau Auau: Ko te whakaharatau te mea nui hei whakaterenga mohio. Tīmatahia ki ngā haerenga poto, kātahi ka whakanuia haeretia te tawhiti me te uauatanga.
4. Pānuihia ngā Pukapuka me ngā Tuhinga: He maha ngā rauemi tā me ngā rauemi ipurangi hei whakarei ake i tō mōhiotanga ki te whakatere waka.
Te Katinga
He ao whakatere waka ngā mahi mōrearea e kore e warewaretia, ā, ka whakatata atu tātou ki te taiao. Ko te mārama ki ngā kaupapa matua o te whakatere waka te taahiraa tuatahi ki te whakarite i tētahi haerenga haumaru, ngahau hoki. Mā te whakapau kaha me te whakangungu tika, ka taea e te tangata te noho hei kaiwhakatere waka mohio, me te pārekareka ki te ataahua o te moana me te maia.
