Te Whakahaere Raraunga me te Tātari Pakihi
I tēnei ao matihiko, kua noho ko ngā raraunga hei "wahie" matua mō ngā whakahaere kia ora ai, kia tupu ai hoki. Tata ki ngā mahi pakihi katoa—mai i ngā whakawhitiwhitinga hoko me ngā taunekeneke a ngā kiritaki i runga i ngā pāpāho pāpori ki ngā nekehanga taonga i roto i te whare putunga—ka waiho he tapuwae raraunga. Heoi, ko te nui o ngā raraunga kāore e hanga aunoa i tētahi kamupene kia atamai ake. Ka puta te uara tūturu ina whakahaeretia tika ngā raraunga, ā, ka hurihia hei māramatanga mā roto i ngā tātaritanga pakihi. Nō reira, ko te whakahaere raraunga me te tātaritanga pakihi he kaupapa e rua e tautoko ana: ko tētahi e whakarite ana kia whakaritea, kia haumaru, kia rite hoki ngā raraunga ki te whakamahi, ko tētahi e huri ana i ngā raraunga hei whakatau whai whakaaro.
Te Mārama ki te Whakahaere Raraunga
Ko te whakahaere raraunga he huinga tukanga, kaupapa here, me ngā hangarau mō te kohikohi, te penapena, te whakarite, te pupuri i te kounga, te tiaki, me te whakarite kia taea e ngā rōpū whai mana te uru atu ki ngā raraunga. Ehara i te mea ko te "penapena raraunga" anake te whāinga, engari kia whakarite kia rite, kia tika, kia whai tikanga, kia wātea hoki ngā raraunga ina hiahiatia. Ina ngoikore te whakahaere raraunga, ka tūpono ngā kamupene ki te pāngia e te "pōrearea mōhiohio": ngā pūrongo kore e tukutahi i waenga i ngā wehenga, ngā raraunga kiritaki tāruarua, ngā inenga mahi rerekē, me te whakatau whakaaro-ā-whakaaro.
Ko ngā wāhanga matua o te whakahaere raraunga ko te whakahaere raraunga, te hanganga raraunga, te whakahaere kounga raraunga, te whakaurunga raraunga, me te haumarutanga. Mā te whakahaere raraunga ka whakatūria ngā ture o te kēmu: ko wai te kaipupuri raraunga, ko wai te kawenga mō te whakatika hapa, te whakamāramatanga o ngā inenga kua whakaaetia, me ngā paerewa whakamahinga. Ki te kore he whakahaere, ka noho ngā raraunga hei "nō te katoa" me te "kāore he tangata".
Te Huringa Ora Raraunga i roto i ngā Whakahaere
He maha ngā wāhanga o te huringa ora o ngā raraunga e haere ana i roto i ngā raraunga. Ko te wāhanga tuatahi ko te kohikohi raraunga, arā, ko te tukanga kohikohi raraunga mai i ngā momo puna pēnei i ngā pūnaha hoko-wāhi, ngā tono pūkoro, ngā tūāpapa IoT, ngā rangahau, ngā tūāpapa hokohoko-e rānei. Whai muri i tēnā, ka uru ngā raraunga ki te rokiroki, hei tauira, ki roto i tētahi pātengi raraunga whanaungatanga, ki tētahi whare putunga raraunga, ki tētahi roto raraunga rānei. Ko te wāhanga e whai ake nei ko te tukatuka me te horoi, tae atu ki te tango i te tāruarua, te whakahaere i ngā uara kore, te whakamana hōputu, me te whakataurite i waenga i ngā puna.
Kia ma, kia hangangahia hoki ngā raraunga, kua rite mō te tātari. Kātahi ka tohatohahia ngā hua tātari mā roto i ngā papaaho raraunga, ngā pūrongo ā-wā, ngā API rānei mō ētahi atu tono. Hei whakamutunga, me pūranga, me muku rānei ngā raraunga tawhito i runga anō i ngā kaupapa here pupuri me te tutuki i ngā ture. Mā tēnei whakahaere whānui ka whakaitihia te mōrearea o ngā turuturu, ka whakaitihia ngā utu rokiroki, ā, ka whakapiki ake i te whakapono ki ngā hua tātari.
Tātari Pakihi: Te Huri i ngā Raraunga hei Māramatanga
Ko te tātari pakihi ko te whakamahinga o ngā raraunga, ngā tikanga tatauranga, me ngā tikanga rorohiko hei mārama ki te mahi pakihi me te tautoko i te whakatau kaupapa. I te nuinga o te wā, ka taea te wehewehe i ngā tātari pakihi kia whā ngā momo. Tuatahi, ko te tātari whakaahua, e whakautu ana i te "i aha i tupu?", pērā i ngā au hokohoko o ia marama, i ngā hua tino hokohoko rānei. Tuarua, ko te tātari tātaritanga, e whakautu ana i te "he aha i tupu ai?", pērā i te hekenga o ngā hoko nā te kore o ngā taonga, nā te tuku utu nui rānei a tētahi kaiwhakataetae.
Tuatoru, ko ngā tātaritanga matapae, e tohu ana "he aha te mea ka tupu pea?", pērā i ngā matapae tono o te wiki e tū mai nei, i te mōrearea rānei o te hurihanga o ngā kaihoko. Tuawhā, ko ngā tātaritanga whakahau, e taunaki ana "he aha me mahi?", pērā i ngā taumata taonga tino pai, te wehewehenga kaihoko e tika ana mō ngā whakatairanga, ngā āhuatanga utu rānei e whakanui ana i ngā tawhē.
Ko ngā painga o te tātari pakihi kei tua atu i te hanga kauwhata ātaahua. Ko tōna uara matua kei roto i te whakatau tere ake, te ine ake, me te ōrite. Ina mārama te tautuhi a ngā tīma hokohoko i ngā wāhanga kiritaki, ka whai kiko ake ngā whakatairanga. Ina mārama ngā tīma whakahaere ki ngā tauira tono, ka whai hua ake te hokohoko. Ina tirohia e ngā kaiwhakahaere ngā tohu mahi mai i te puna kotahi o te pono, ka pai ake te mahi tahi i waenga i ngā tari.
Te Hononga i waenganui i te Whakahaere Raraunga me te Tātari Pakihi
Kāore e taea te tātari pai te puta mai i ngā raraunga kino. He maha ngā kaupapa tātari ka rahua ehara i te mea nā ngā tikanga tatauranga hē, engari nā te kounga raraunga ngoikore: ngā raraunga kāore i oti, ngā rerekētanga i waenga i ngā pūnaha, ngā whakamāramatanga ine rerekē rānei. Hei tauira, ka tatau pea te wāhanga A i ngā "kiritaki hohe" i runga i ngā takiuru mai i ngā rā 30 kua hipa, ko te wāhanga B ia ka tatau i a rātou i runga i ngā whakawhitiwhitinga mai i ngā rā 90 kua hipa. Ki te kore ēnei e ōrite, ka taupatupatu ngā pūrongo a te kamupene.
Koinei te wāhi e noho ai te whakahaere raraunga hei tūāpapa. Mā te whakahaere raraunga pakari, ka whakatūria e ngā kamupene he papakupu raraunga, he whakamāramatanga KPI, me ngā ture whakamana. Ka āwhina hoki te whakaurunga raraunga ki te whakakotahi i ngā mōhiohio mai i ngā tari rerekē kia kore ai e pakaru te tātari. Ko te mutunga mai he māramatanga pono ake, ka whakakorea ngā whakataunga pakihi i roto i te tautohetohe mēnā he tika, he hē rānei ngā raraunga.
Ngā Hangarau Tautoko: Mai i ngā Pūtake Raraunga ki ngā Utauta BI
I roto i te mahi, he maha ngā hangarau e whakamahia ana e ngā whakahaere. He pai ngā pātengi raraunga whanaungatanga mō ngā tauwhitinga hanganga, ko ngā roto raraunga ia e whakamahia ana hei penapena i ngā raraunga mata nui, pērā i ngā rangitaki tono, i ngā raraunga pāpāho pāpori rānei. Ka whakamahia ngā whare putunga raraunga mō ngā tātari hanganga me ngā kaupapa kua hangaia mō te uiui tere. Ka hono ngā tukanga ETL/ELT (Tango, Whakawhiti, Utaina) i ngā momo puna raraunga me te whakarite raraunga mō te tātari.
I te taha tātari me te pūrongo, ka āwhina ngā taputapu Pakihi Matauranga (BI) pērā i a Power BI, Tableau, Looker, Metabase rānei i ngā kaiwhakamahi kore-hangarau ki te tūhura raraunga me te waihanga papaaho. I taua wā, ka whakamahia ngā reo hōtaka pērā i a Python, R rānei mō ngā tātari matatau, tae atu ki te ako mīhini. Me whakarite te whiriwhiri hangarau ki ngā hiahia pakihi, te tauine raraunga, te pūkenga o te tīma, me te tahua.
Ngā Wero Matua i roto i te Whakatinanatanga
He maha ngā wero noa i roto i te whakahaere raraunga me te tātari pakihi. Tuatahi, ko ngā wāhi noho raraunga, arā, ko ngā raraunga e rongoa motuhaketia ana i roto i ngā pūnaha motumotu. Tuarua, ko te kounga raraunga ngoikore nā te whakaurunga ā-ringa, te whakaurunga ngoikore, te ngoikore rānei o ngā ture whakamana. Tuatoru, ko te haumarutanga me te tūmataitinga, inā koa ka whakahaerehia e ngā kamupene ngā raraunga tairongo pēnei i ngā mōhiohio tuakiri kiritaki, ngā raraunga pūtea rānei. Tuawhā, he korenga o ngā pūkenga - ehara i te mea ko ngā kaipūtaiao raraunga anake, engari ko ngā miihini raraunga, ngā kaitātari raraunga, me ngā kaitiaki raraunga e mārama ana ki ngā tukanga pakihi.
Ko tētahi atu wero noa ko te ahurea whakahaere. He maha ngā kamupene e whakamahi ana i ngā taputapu tātari, engari kei te ahu tonu ngā whakataunga i runga i te māramatanga, i te hiranga rānei, kaua i te taunakitanga. Kia whai mana ai ngā raraunga, me hanga e ngā kamupene he ahurea e whakatenatena ana i te māramatanga o ngā inenga, te aromatawai e whai mana ana ngā raraunga, me te ako mai i ngā whakamātautau.
Ngā Tikanga Pai mō te Hanga Pūkenga Raraunga
Ko tētahi taahiraa tuatahi nui ko te whakatū i ngā whāinga pakihi mārama. Ehara i te mea he kaupapa hangarau noa iho ngā raraunga; me aro atu ki ngā hiahia tūturu, pērā i te whakapai ake i te pupuri kiritaki, te whakaiti i ngā utu whakahaere, te tere ake rānei i te tukanga nama. Muri iho, whakatūria te whakahaere raraunga: te tautuhi i ngā KPI, te mana pupuri raraunga, ngā paerewa kounga, me ngā kaupapa here urunga.
Muri iho, me whakarite te kounga o ngā raraunga mā roto i ngā tukanga horoi me te whakamana aunoa. He mea nui hoki te tuhi tuhinga kia mārama ai te katoa ki te tikanga o ngā pou raraunga, ō rātou pūtake, me te tatau i ngā inenga. Mō ngā tātaritanga, tīmata ki ngā papaaho e aro ana ki ngā tohu matua, kātahi ka whakawhānui ki ngā tātaritanga matapae, ki ngā tātaritanga whakahau rānei ina whakatūria te turanga raraunga. Hei tāpiri, whakangungua ngā kaimahi ki te pānui i ngā papaaho, ki te mārama ki ngā inenga, me te pātai i ngā pātai tātari tika.
Whakamutunga
Ko te whakahaere raraunga me te tātari pakihi he pou e rua e whakatau ana i te whai huatanga o te whakamahinga a te kamupene i ana rawa raraunga. Mā te whakahaere raraunga ka whakarite kia pai, kia haumaru, kia rite hoki te whakaritenga o ngā raraunga, ko te tātari pakihi ia ka huri i ngā raraunga hei māramatanga hei tautoko i ngā whakataunga rautaki me ngā whakataunga whakahaere. Ko ngā kamupene ka taea te whakauru i ngā mea e rua ka kaha ake te ātete ki ngā huringa o te mākete, ka whai hua ake i roto i ngā mahi, ā, ka tata atu ki ngā hiahia o te kiritaki. Hei whakamutunga, ko te painga whakataetae i tēnei wā hou kāore e whakatauhia ana e ngā hua, e te pūtea rānei anake, engari e te kaha ki te whakahaere raraunga me te whakamaori i aua raraunga ki ngā mahi pakihi e tika ana.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e au te whakarite i tēnei tuhinga kia nui ake te mātauranga (me ngā tohutoro), kia whai hua ake (me ngā rangahau take), kia arotahi ake rānei ki tētahi ahumahi motuhake pēnei i te hokohoko, te peeke, te hanga rānei.
