Whakahaere Kaupapa Agile
Ko te whakahaere kaupapa Agile he huarahi whakahaere kaupapa e aro nui ana ki te ngāwari, te mahi tahi, me te whakapai tonu. I waenganui i ngā hiahia mākete e tere huri haere ana, ngā tono a ngā kiritaki hihiri, me ngā whanaketanga hangarau tere, me whai huarahi mahi ngā whakahaere ka taea te urutau me te kore e whakaiti i te kounga o ngā hua. Ka tukuna e Agile te otinga mō te whakahaere kaupapa—ina koa ko ngā kaupapa whakawhanake hua me te pūmanawa—i roto i te huarahi auau me te piki haere, e taea ai te tuku tere ake i te uara me te whakahaere wawe i ngā mōrearea.
He aha te Ātaahua?
I te nuinga o te wā, ehara te agile i te tikanga noa iho, engari he hinengaro me te huinga mātāpono kua whakarārangihia i roto i te Agile Manifesto (2001). E whakanui ana tēnei manifesto i ngā uara matua e whā:
1) he mea nui ake ngā tāngata takitahi me ngā taunekeneke i ngā tukanga me ngā taputapu,
2) he mea nui ake te pūmanawa mahi i te nui rawa o ngā tuhinga,
3) he mea nui ake te mahi tahi me ngā kiritaki i ngā whiriwhiringa kirimana, ā,
4) he mea nui ake te urupare ki te huringa i te whai i tētahi mahere.
Ehara tēnei i te kī kāore he hiranga o ngā tukanga, ngā tuhinga, ngā kirimana, me ngā mahere. Heoi, i roto i ngā āhuatanga tino pōhēhē, ka arotahi a Agile ki ngā mea e tino āwhina ana i ngā tīma ki te whakaputa uara tūturu, ā, ka taea hoki te urutau ina huri ngā hiahia.
He aha i hiahiatia ai te Agile ki te Whakahaere Kaupapa?
I roto i ngā huarahi tuku iho pērā i te "waterfall", ka puta te whakamahere whānui i te tīmatanga o tētahi kaupapa. Ka puta ngā raruraru ina kore e whai tikanga ngā whakaaro tuatahi i waenganui. Nō reira, ka mau tonu te tīma ki tētahi mahere pakari, ka kitea ngā huringa he "whakararuraru", ā, kāore pea te hua e tutuki i ngā hiahia o te kaiwhakamahi.
I roto i te agile, e kiia ana te huringa he mea noa, ā, e tumanakohia ana hoki. Ka āwhina te whakahaere kaupapa agile i ngā whakahaere:
– Whakaitihia te mōrearea mā te tuku āpiti.
– Ka whakateretere i te wā ki te mākete nā te mea ka taea te tuku haere i ngā āhuatanga.
– Whakapai ake i te kounga mā te whakamātautau me te urupare i ia wā.
– Kia mau tonu te hononga i waenganui i ngā tīma me ngā kaipupuri hea mā te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero kaha.
Ngā Mātāpono Taketake o te Whakahaere Kaupapa Agile
Ko ngā āhuatanga o te whakahaere kaupapa Agile e whai ake nei:
1. Whakahōu me te Whakapiki
Ka wehea ngā kaupapa ki ngā huringa poto (hei tauira, 1–4 wiki) e kiia ana ko ngā mahi tāruarua, ko ngā mahi tere rānei. Ka puta i ia mahi tāruarua he wāhanga o te hua ka taea te whakamātautau, ka taea rānei te tuku. Mā tēnei, kāore te tīma e tatari kia tae ki te mutunga o te kaupapa kia kite i ngā hua.
2. Arotahi ki te Uara (Arai i te Uara)
Ka whakaritea te mahi i runga i te uara pakihi. Ko ngā āhuatanga e whai pānga nui ana ki ngā kaiwhakamahi, ki te kamupene rānei, ka mahihia i te tuatahi. Mā tēnei ka whai hua ake ngā haumitanga kaupapa nā te mea kāore te tīma e moumou taima ki ngā take kāore i te tino hira.
3. Te Mahi Tahi Kaha
Me whai kōrero tuwhera te tīma, te kaiwhakahaere kaupapa, te rangatira hua, me te kiritaki ki te mahi tere. Mā ngā hui auau pērā i ngā hui tū o ia rā, ngā arotake tere, me ngā arotake whakamuri ka tere te kitea o ngā take, ā, ka tere hoki te whakatinana i ngā whakapainga.
4. Te Māramatanga me te Urutau
Ka taea te aroturuki i te tūnga o te kaupapa i te wā tonu mā roto i ngā papa mahi pēnei i ngā papa Kanban, ngā tūtohi kua pau te mahi, ngā aroturuki rānei i ngā rārangi mahi kua mahue. Mā te kitea pai, ka taea te tere me te tika o ngā whakarerekētanga o te mahere.
Ngā Tūranga i roto i ngā Tīma Agile
I roto i ngā mahi agile, ka rerekē pea ngā tūranga i runga i te anga e whakamahia ana. Anei ētahi tūranga noa:
– Kaipupuri Hua (PO): te kawenga mō te uara o te hua me te whakarite i ngā kaupapa matua o ngā mahi kua whakarārangihia. Mā te PO e whakarite kei te mahi te tīma i ngā mea tino nui ki ngā kaiwhakamahi me te pakihi.
– Scrum Master (mēnā kei te whakamahi koe i a Scrum): ka whakahaere i te tukanga, ka āwhina i te tīma ki te tango i ngā arai, ā, ka whakarite kia whai hua ngā mahi scrum.
– Rōpū Whakawhanake: ngā mema mahi-maha (ngā kaiwhakawhanake, QA, UI/UX, ngā kaitātari, me ētahi atu) e whakapau kaha ana ki te whakaputa i ngā pikinga hua i ia putanga.
– Ngā kaipupuri pānga: ngā rōpū pakihi, ngā kiritaki, ngā kaiwhakahaere, ngā kaiwhakamahi rānei e tuku ana i ngā whakaaro me ngā whakamana.
I roto i te horopaki whakahaere kaupapa tuku iho, ka taea te neke te tūranga o te "Kaiwhakahaere Kaupapa". Engari ko te whakahaere i ngā mea katoa mai i te tirohanga mai i runga ki raro, ka neke te arotahi ki te kaiāwhina, te kaiwhakahaere mōrearea, te kaitiaki o te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero whakawhiti-pānga, me te tautoko i te tīma ki te whakatutuki i ngā whāinga tere me ngā whāinga hua.
Ngā Anga Agile Rongonui
Pupuhi
Ko te Scrum te anga mahi tino rongonui. Ka whakamahia e te Scrum ngā oma tere roa-pūmau, he rārangi mahi kua whakaritea, me te raupapa o ngā kaupapa pēnei i te whakamahere oma tere, te scrum o ia rā, te arotake oma tere, me te arotake oma tere. Ko te kaha o te Scrum ko tōna hanganga mārama, e pai ai mō ngā tīma e hiahia ana ki tētahi auau mahi auau.
Kanan
E aro nui ana a Kanban ki te whakaaturanga o te rere o te mahi me ngā herenga o ngā mahi kei te haere tonu (Te Mahi Kei te Haere Tonu/WIP). He pai a Kanban mō ngā mahi e rere tonu ana, pērā i te tiaki, te tautoko whakahaere, ngā tīma rānei e hiahia ana ki te ngāwari nui me te kore he tere tere pakari.
Papatono Tino (XP)
He nui ake te aro o XP ki ngā mahi hangarau hei whakapai ake i te kounga o ngā pūmanawa, pērā i te hōtaka takirua, te whanaketanga whakamātautau-arahi, me te whakaurunga tonu. He pai mō ngā tīma e hiahia ana ki te taumata teitei o te mātauranga hangarau.
Ngā Wāhanga Whānui i roto i tētahi Kaupapa Agile
Ahakoa kāore e whai tonu te agile i ngā wāhanga rārangi, i te nuinga o te wā ka taea te whakaahua i te rere penei:
1. Te Tīmatanga Hua me te Tirohanga Whānui: tautuhia ngā whāinga, ngā whāinga a ngā kaiwhakamahi, me te uara pakihi hei whakatutuki.
2. Te kohikohi i ngā rārangi mahi kua whakarārangihia: kohikohia ngā whakaritenga i roto i te ahua o ngā kōrero a ngā kaiwhakamahi, ngā tūemi rārangi mahi kua whakarārangihia rānei, kātahi ka whakatauira i ngā mea e hiahiatia ana.
3. Te Whakamahere Whakahoutanga: te whiriwhiri i ngā tūemi matua hei mahi i te tere e whai ake nei.
4. Te Whakatinanatanga me te Whakawhanaketanga: ka hanga, ka whakamātautau, ka whakarite hoki te tīma i ngā tāpiringa hua.
5. Arotake me te Urupare: ka tukuna ngā hua o te tere tere ki ngā kaipupuri whakaaro hei whiwhi whakaaro.
6. Tirohanga Whakamuri: ka arotakehia e te tīma te tukanga mahi—ngā mea i pai te haere, ngā mea me whakapai ake—kātahi ka whakatinana i ngā whakapainga i te wāhanga tere e whai ake nei.
Ka pūmau tonu tēnei huringa kia tutuki rā anō te whāinga hua, kia rerekē rānei ngā hiahia pakihi.
Ngā Wero Whakatinanatanga Ātaahua
Ahakoa te ahua pai, ehara i te mea ngāwari te whakatinana i te agile. Ko ētahi o ngā wero noa ko:
– Te huringa ahurea whakahaere: Me tuwhera, me whakawhirinaki, me mahi tahi te mahi auaha. He maha ngā wā ka tūtaki ngā whakahaere tino hierarki ki te ātete.
– Te kore whai wāhi mai o ngā kaipupuri hea: Ka whakawhirinaki a Agile ki ngā urupare auau. Mēnā he onge te noho mai o ngā kaipupuri hea, ka rerekē pea te ahunga o te hua.
– He whakaaro hē mō te auaha: e whakaaro ana ētahi ko te auaha he kore whakamahere, he kore tuhi rānei. Inaa, me whakamahere tonu te auaha, engari he urutau noa iho.
– Kāore ngā tīma e mahi tahi ana i ngā mahi maha: ki te noho motuhake rawa ngā tīma (hei tauira, kua wehea ngā kaiwhakawhanake mai i te QA me te hoahoa), ka raru pea te tukanga whakahou.
Ko te mea nui ki te wikitoria i ēnei wero ko te whakangungu, te tohutohu, me te whakapau kaha a ngā kaiwhakahaere ki te tautoko i ngā huringa o te huarahi mahi.
Ngā Mahi Pai mō te Angitu me Agile
Ko ētahi o ngā mahi hei whakapai ake i te angitu o te whakahaere kaupapa ā-ringa ko:
– Kia whakaritea, kia whakaritea hoki ngā mahi e toe ana.
– Waihangahia he whakamāramatanga mārama mō te kupu “kua oti” kia pumau ai te kounga.
– Inehia te ahunga whakamua mā te whakamahi i ngā inenga tika pēnei i te wā ārahi, te wā huringa, me te tere (me te whakaaro nui).
– Whakatenatenahia te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero poto engari auau hei whakaiti i te hē o te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero.
– Me whakapai tonu i ngā hua o te tirohanga whakamuri, kaua e waiho noa iho hei mahi ā-ture.
Whakamutunga
He huarahi hou te whakahaere kaupapa ā-ringa e aro nui ana ki te urutau, te mahi tahi, me te tuku uara piki haere. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā tauira tuku iho, he maha ngā wā he pakari, he pai ake te ā-ringa mō ngā taiao hihiri me te koretake. Mā te poto o ngā mahi whakahou, te urupare auau, me te arotahi ki te uara pakihi, ka taea e ngā tīma te hanga hua e tika ana, e kounga teitei ana hoki.
Heoi, ehara i te mea ko te whakatinanatanga o Scrum, Kanban rānei te kaupapa agile. He nui te awe o te hinengaro, te ahurea, me te whakapau kaha o te whakahaere katoa ki tōna angitu. Ina whakatinanahia tika, ka taea e te whakahaere kaupapa agile te noho hei tūāpapa pakari mō te waihanga hua tere, tika, me te whakataetae i roto i te mākete e huri haere tonu ana.
