Ngā Ariā Taketake o te Whakahaere Mahi
Ko te whakahaere mahi he mara whakahaere e aro ana ki te whakamahere, te whakarite, me te whakahaere i ngā tukanga e huri ana i ngā rauemi maha hei taonga, hei ratonga rānei. Tata ki ngā whakahaere katoa—ahakoa he kamupene hanga, he hōhipera, he peeke, he wharekai, he kura, he tari kāwanatanga rānei—he mahi whakahaere ā rātou nā te mea me "whakaputa" e rātou katoa tētahi mea whai hua ki ngā kiritaki, ki te hapori rānei. Nō reira, he mea nui te mārama ki ngā ariā taketake o te whakahaere mahi hei whakarite i te whai huatanga, te ōritetanga, me te whakataetae o tētahi whakahaere.
Te Mārama ki te Whakahaere Mahi
I te nuinga o te wā, ka taea te tautuhi i te whakahaere mahi hei raupapa mahi e aro ana ki te whakahaere i te whakaputa me te tuku taonga/ratonga hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o te kiritaki, e pā ana ki te kounga, te utu, me te wā tika. Ko te arotahi matua ehara i te mea ko te "hanga hua anake," engari ko te pehea e mahi ai i tēnā me te whakamahi i ngā rauemi iti pēnei i te kaimahi, te mīhini, ngā rauemi mata, te hangarau, te mōhiohio, te whakapaipai, me te wā.
I roto i te horopaki hangahanga, he hononga tata te whakahaere mahi ki te waihanga i ngā taonga ā-tinana, pērā i te kai, ngā waka, ngā kākahu rānei. I taua wā, i roto i te rāngai ratonga, ka whakahaerehia e te whakahaere mahi ngā ratonga, e tohuhia ana e tō rātou kore e kitea, he maha ngā wā ka hangaia me te pau i te wā kotahi, ā, he nui te awe o te taunekeneke a te tangata. Hei tauira, me whakarite e ngā mahi hōhipera he ratonga tere, haumaru, me te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga; ko ngā mahi hokohoko ipurangi ia ka whakarite kia maeneene te tukatuka ota, te takai, me te tuku.
Ngā Whāinga o te Whakahaere Mahi
Ko te whāinga matua o te whakahaere mahi he waihanga uara mō ngā kiritaki me te whakahaere. Ka puta tēnei uara ina tutuki ngā hua, ngā ratonga rānei i hangaia i ngā hiahia o ngā kiritaki me te kounga pai, ngā utu tika, me te tukunga i te wā tika. Ina koa, ko ngā whāinga e whai ake nei ka whaihia e te whakahaere mahi:
1. Whai Hua: te whakaiti i te para me ngā utu, me te whakanui ake i te hua.
2. Te Whai Huatanga: te whakarite kia tutuki ngā hua i ngā whāinga—hei tauira, ngā paerewa kounga me ngā rahinga whakaputa.
3. Kounga: te pupuri i te kounga ōrite kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga me ngā tumanakohanga a te kiritaki.
4. Tere me te wā tika: whakapotohia te wā arahi me te whakapiki i te tika o te tuku.
5. Ngāwari: ka taea te urutau ki ngā panonitanga o te tono, ngā rerekētanga o ngā hua, me ngā raruraru o te tuku.
6. Te Oranga Tonu: te aro ki ngā pānga taiao me te pāpori o ngā mahi whakahaere.
Pūnaha Whakawhiti: Whakauru–Tukanga–Putanga
Ko te ariā tino taketake o te whakahaere mahi ko te pūnaha whakawhiti. E tirohia ana ngā mahi hei tukanga e huri ana i ngā whakaurunga hei putanga.
– Kei roto i ngā whakaurunga ko ngā rauemi mata, te mahi, te mīhini, te pūngao, te mōhiohio, me te whakapaipai.
– Ko ngā tukanga he mahi e tukatuka ana i ngā whakaurunga, pērā i te tapahi, te huihuinga, te whakahaere kounga, te tukatuka raraunga, te ratonga kiritaki rānei.
– Ko te putanga ko ngā taonga, ngā ratonga rānei i hangaia, tae atu ki ngā uara tāpiri pērā i te takai, te pono o te ratonga, me te wheako o te kiritaki.
Hei tauira, i roto i tētahi wharekai: ko ngā whakaurunga ko ngā kai, ngā kaimahi tunu kai, ngā taputapu, me ngā tohutao; ko te tukanga ko te whakarite me te tunu kai; ko te putanga ko ngā kai kua rite ki te kai me te ratonga kiritaki. I roto i tētahi peeke: ko ngā whakaurunga ko ngā raraunga kiritaki me ngā pūnaha hangarau mōhiohio; ko te tukanga ko te manatoko me te tukatuka tauwhitinga; ā, ko te putanga ko ngā ratonga pūtea pēnei i ngā whakawhiti moni, i te whakatuwheratanga pūkete rānei.
Te Whānuitanga o ngā Whakataunga i roto i te Whakahaere Mahi
Kei roto i te whakahaere mahi he raupapa o ngā whakataunga rautaki me ngā whakataunga whakahaere. I te nuinga o te wā, ka taea te whakarōpū i ēnei whakataunga penei:
1. Te hoahoa hua me te ratonga
Whakatauhia ngā āhuatanga, ngā whakaritenga, ngā paerewa kounga, me ngā hiahia o te kiritaki me tutuki. I roto i ngā ratonga, kei roto hoki i te hoahoa he "mahere ratonga," pērā i ngā rerenga ratonga me ngā wāhi pa o te kiritaki.
2. Te hoahoa tukanga me te kaha
Te whiriwhiri i te hangarau tika, ngā tikanga mahi, te taumata o te aunoatanga, me te kaha whakaputa. He mea nui ngā whakataunga kaha nā te mea ka pā ki ngā utu, te kaha ki te whakatutuki i te tono, me te ngāwari.
3. Tauwāhi me te tahora
Te whakatau i te wāhi o tētahi wheketere, whare putunga, tari ratonga rānei. He mea nui anō hoki te tahora, pērā i te whakatakotoranga o ngā mīhini i roto i tētahi wheketere, te wehewehe rānei i te wāhi i roto i tētahi hōhipera kia pai ai, kia haumaru ai hoki te rere o ngā mahi.
4. Te whakahaere kounga
Kei roto i tēnei ko te whakatakoto paerewa, te tirotiro, te whakapai tonu, me te ārai i ngā hapa. Kāore te kounga e pā ana ki te hua whakamutunga anake, engari ki te kounga o te tukanga anō hoki.
5. Whakahaere taonga
Te whakahaere i ngā rauemi mata, ngā mahi kei te haere tonu, me ngā taonga kua oti. Ki te nui rawa ngā taonga ka piki ake ngā utu rokiroki, ki te iti rawa ia ka mōrearea te korenga o ngā taonga me ngā whakaroa.
6. Te whakarite me te whakahaere i te whakaputanga
Te whakatau i te wā, te nui, me te raupapatanga o te whakaputanga. I roto i ngā ratonga, ko te whakaritenga mahi he whakauru kaimahi me te whakahaere i te kaha ratonga.
7. Te whakahaere mekameka tuku
Te whakahaere i te rere o ngā rauemi, ngā mōhiohio, me te moni mai i ngā kaiwhakarato ki ngā kiritaki. Mā te mahi tahi pai ka āwhina i te whakaiti i ngā utu, te whakanui ake i te tere, me te whakaiti i te mōrearea o ngā raruraru tuku.
8. Te whakahaere rauemi tangata whakahaere
Te whakahaere i te hunga mahi e whakahaere ana i ngā tukanga: te kimi kaimahi, te whakangungu, te aromatawai mahi, te haumaru mahi, me te whakahaere i te kawenga mahi.
Ngā Mātāpono Mahi Whakahaere: Te Utu, Te Kounga, Te Wā, Te Ngāwari
E whā ngā āhuatanga matua e aromatawaihia ai te mahi a te kamupene:
– Te utu: te āhua ōhanga o te whakaputa taonga/ratonga a te whakahaere.
– Kounga: te pai o te tutuki a te hua/ratonga i ngā paerewa me ngā hiahia o te kiritaki.
– Wā (tukunga/tere): te tere me te tika o te whakarato ratonga, te tuku rānei i te hua.
– Ngāwari: te kaha o te whakahaere ki te urutau ki ngā huringa.
He hononga tahi ēnei āhuatanga e whā, ā, i ētahi wā ka puta he taupatupatu. Hei tauira, mā te whakanui ake i te ngāwari o te momo hua ka piki ake ngā utu. Heoi, mā te auahatanga tukanga me te hangarau, ka taea e ngā whakahaere te whakaiti i ēnei taupatupatu, hei tauira mā te aunoatanga, te tātari raraunga, te whakapai ake rānei i ngā tukanga.
Ngā Huarahi me ngā Tikanga i roto i te Whakahaere Mahi
I roto i te mahi, he maha ngā whakahaere e whakatinana ana i ngā tikanga e aro ana ki te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga me te kounga. Ko ētahi o ngā ariā e whakamahia pinepinetia ana ko:
– Ngā Mahi Hiroki: e aro ana ki te whakaiti i te para i roto i ngā tukanga, pērā i te wā tatari, te whakaputa nui rawa, ngā mahi kore-tāpiri uara rānei.
– Te Wā Tika (JIT): te whakahaere i ngā rawa kia tae mai ai ngā rauemi i te wā e hiahiatia ana, kia whakaitihia ai ngā utu rokiroki, kia maeneene ake ai hoki te rere o te whakaputa.
– Whakahaere Kounga Katoa (TQM): he ahurea kounga whānui me te whai wāhi a ngā kaimahi katoa ki te whakapai ake.
– Six Sigma: he huarahi e ahu mai ana i ngā raraunga hei whakaiti i ngā rerekētanga me ngā hapa o te tukanga.
Whakapai Tonu (Kaizen): he whakapainga iti engari tonu, ā, he pumau tonu mō te wā roa.
Kāore ēnei tikanga e tū takitahi; he maha ngā wā ka whakakotahihia, ka urutauhia hoki ki te āhua o te whakahaere.
Te Katinga
Ko te ariā taketake o te whakahaere mahi ka whakanoho i ngā mahi ki waenganui o te waihanga uara whakahaere mā te pūnaha e huri ana i ngā whakaurunga hei putanga. Mā te whakahaere i te hoahoa hua, ngā tukanga, te kaha, te kounga, te rarangi taonga, te whakaritenga, te mekameka tuku, me ngā rauemi tangata, ka taea e ngā whakahaere te whakatutuki i te mahi pai rawa atu i runga i te utu, te kounga, te wā, me te ngāwari. I tēnei wā e kaha haere ana te whakataetae me te tere o te huringa, ehara te whakahaere mahi i te mahi "i muri i ngā whakaaturanga" anake, engari he rautaki matua mō te hanga whakataetae, te makona o te kiritaki, me te pumau o te pakihi.
