Me pēhea te whakauru i ngā ratonga kapua ki roto i tō pakihi
Kāore te panonitanga matihiko i te mea hei kōwhiringa, engari he mea nui mō te tini o ngā pakihi e whai ana kia ora, kia tupu. Ko tētahi o ngā tino kaupapa matua o tēnei panonitanga ko te whakamahinga o ngā ratonga kapua (rorohiko kapua). Mā te kapua ka taea e ngā kamupene te whakahaere i ngā tono, te penapena raraunga , me te whakahaere i ngā hanganga hangarau mōhiohio me te kore e hiahia ki te hoko me te pupuri i ā rātou ake tūmau tūturu. Heoi, ko te whakauru i te kapua ki roto i tētahi pakihi ehara i te mea he "neke" noa iho ki tētahi tūāpapa motuhake. Me whai rautaki, whakahaere mōrearea, me ngā whakarerekētanga tukanga mahi kia nui ake ai ngā painga. Anei tētahi aratohu taahiraa-i-te-taahiraa hei whakauru pai i ngā ratonga kapua ki roto i tō pakihi.
1. Kia mārama ki ngā hiahia me ngā whāinga pakihi
Ko te taahiraa tuatahi ko te mārama he aha i hiahiatia ai e tō pakihi te kapua. Ko te whāinga matua he whakaiti i ngā utu whakahaere? He whakanui ake i te tere o te whakawhanaketanga hua? He whakapakari i te haumarutanga raraunga? He whakawhānui rānei i te kapinga ratonga me te kore e tāpiri i te hanganga? Mēnā he whāinga mārama, ka taea e koe te whakatau i ngā mea matua me te karo i ngā whakataunga e ahu mai ana i ngā au hou anake.
Haunga ngā whāinga, tautuhia ngā hiahia whakahaere o nāianei: ngā momo tono e whakamahia ana, te rahinga raraunga, ngā taumata haumarutanga e hiahiatia ana, me ngā hiahia urunga a ngā kaimahi (hei tauira, te mahi mamao). Ko ngā hua o tēnei mahere te pūtake mō te whiriwhiri i tētahi tauira kapua me tētahi mahere hekenga.
2. Kōwhiria te tauira kapua tika: tūmatanui, tūmataiti, ranu rānei
He maha ngā kōwhiringa matua mō te whakamahi i te kapua:
– Kapua tūmatanui: Ngā ratonga mai i ngā kaiwhakarato pēnei i a AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud rānei. He pai mō ngā pakihi e hiahia ana ki te tere, te ngāwari, me te raruraru o te whakahaere hanganga.
– Kapua tūmataiti: He hanganga kapua e whakatapua ana ki tētahi whakahaere kotahi. He pai mō ngā kamupene he tino kaha ngā ture, he nui rānei ngā whakaritenga whakahaere.
– Kapua ranu: He huinga o ngā kapua tūmatanui me ngā kapua tūmataiti. He pai mō ngā pakihi e hiahia ana ki te ngāwari me te pupuri i ētahi raraunga tairongo, i ētahi tono rānei ki roto.
Me whai whakaaro te kōwhiringa o tētahi tauira kapua ki ngā āhuatanga tutuki i ngā whakaritenga, te aro o ngā raraunga, ngā utu, me ngā āheinga o te tīma hangarau mōhiohio.
3. Whakatauhia ngā ratonga me te hoahoa hei whakamahi.
He maha ngā momo ratonga o te kapua. Ko ngā kāwai e toru e tino kitea ana ko:
– IaaS (Hanganga hei Ratonga): Te reti i ngā tūmau mariko, te rokiroki, te whatunga, me ētahi atu wāhanga hanganga. He pai mēnā e hiahia ana koe ki te whakahaere nui i te whirihoranga.
– PaaS (Platform as a Service): Ka whakarato i tētahi tūāpapa kua rite ki te whakamahi mō te whakawhanaketanga tono, tae atu ki ngā pātengi raraunga, ngā wā whakahaere, me ngā taputapu. He mea tino pai mō te whakateretere i te whakawhanaketanga tono.
– SaaS (Pūmanawa hei Ratonga): Ngā tono kua rite ki te whakamahi pērā i a Google Workspace, Microsoft 365, CRM kapua rānei. He pai mō te whakatinanatanga tere me te kore he whanaketanga nui.
Haunga te whiriwhiri i te momo ratonga, me whakaaro anō hoki koe ki te hoahoa: te hononga o ngā taupānga tetahi ki tetahi, te rere o ngā raraunga, me te haumarutanga me te tārua.
4. Whakahaerehia he arotake tono me ngā raraunga i mua i te hekenga.
Kāore e hiahiatia kia nukuhia ngā tono katoa ki te kapua. Mā te arotakenga ka āwhina ki te whakatau i te rautaki pai rawa atu mō ia pūnaha. He maha ngā huarahi whakawhiti e wātea ana:
– Manaaki anō (hiki me te neke): Te nuku taupānga ki te kapua me te kore he huringa nui. Tere tonu, engari kāore i te tino pai.
– Whakahou: Hurihia ngā wāhanga kia pai ake mō te kapua, hei tauira mā te whakamahi i tētahi ratonga pātengi raraunga whakahaeretia.
– Hanga Anō: Hanga anō i te taupānga mā te hangarau kapua taketake.
– Whakakapia: Whakakapia te taupānga tawhito ki tētahi SaaS ōrite.
Kei roto hoki i te arotake te whakarōpūtanga raraunga: ngā raraunga kiritaki, ngā raraunga pūtea, ngā raraunga whakahaere, me ngā raraunga e tiakina ana e ngā ture. He mea nui tēnei mō te whakatau i te whakamunatanga, ngā mana whakahaere urunga, me ngā wāhi rokiroki.
5. Waihangahia he mahere hekenga ā-wāhanga
Ko te mea pai, me mahi te hekenga kapua i roto i ngā wāhanga hei whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te whakararuraru mahi. Ka taea e koe te tīmata me ngā pūnaha he iti te pānga engari he tere tonu te hua, pērā i te īmēra umanga, te rokiroki tuhinga, ngā tono mahi tahi rānei.
I roto i te mahere hekenga, tohua:
– Te wātaka hekenga me ngā kaupapa matua o te pūnaha
– Te kawenga mō ia wāhanga
– Mahere whakangungu kaimahi
– Rautaki whakahoki mēnā ka puta he raruraru
– Ngā whāinga mahi (whakaroa, wā mahi) i muri i te hekenga
Mā te huarahi wāhanga-wāhanga, ka taea e ngā pakihi te ako mai i ngā wāhanga tuatahi me te whakatika i ngā hapa i mua i te hekenga nui ake.
6. Me whakarite kia noho ko te haumarutanga me te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga te kaupapa matua
He hapa noa te whakaaro he haumaru aunoa te kapua. Me mahi tahi ngā kaiwhakarato kapua me ngā kaiwhakamahi mō te haumarutanga kapua. Ko te kaiwhakarato te kawenga mō te haumarutanga hanganga, ko te kamupene ia te kawenga mō te whakahaere raraunga, te urunga atu, me te whirihoranga ratonga.
Ko ētahi o ngā mahi nui ko:
– Te Whakahaere Tuakiri me te Urunga (IAM): Whakahaerehia te urunga e hangai ana ki ngā tūranga. Whakaitihia te urunga a te kaiwhakahaere.
– Whakamunatanga raraunga: Whakamahia te whakamunatanga i te wā e rongoa ana te raraunga (e takoto ana) me te wā e whakawhitihia ana (e tukuna ana).
– Te aroturuki me te takiuru: Whakamahia he pūnaha aroturuki hei kite i ngā mahi whakapae.
– Te tārua me te whakaora ā-whatumanawa: Whakaritea ngā tārua auau me tētahi mahere whakaora mēnā ka puta he raruraru.
– Te tutuki i ngā ture: Me whakarite kia tutuki te whakamahinga o te kapua i ngā ture o tō umanga, hei tauira mō te tiakitanga o ngā raraunga whaiaro.
7. Whakauruhia te kapua ki ngā tukanga pakihi o nāianei
Ehara i te mea ko te hangarau anake te kaupapa o te kapua , engari ko te whakarerekē i te huarahi e mahi ai tātou. Kia whiriwhiria e koe tētahi ratonga kapua, whakauruhia ki ngā tukanga ā-roto pērā i te pūtea, te hoko, te ratonga kiritaki, me ngā mahi whakahaere.
Hei tauira, ki te whakamahi koe i tētahi CRM kapua-pūmau, me whakarite kia hono atu ki tō hokohoko īmēra, ki ngā pūnaha utu, me ngā papaaho tātari. Mā te whakaurunga pai ka whakaiti i te tāruarua o ngā mahi, ka whakapai ake i te tika o ngā raraunga, ā, ka tere ake te whakatau kaupapa.
Hei tāpiritanga, waihangahia he SOP hou e pā ana ki te rokiroki tuhinga, te mahi tahi a te tīma, me te whakamahinga o ngā taupānga kapua kia taea ai e te katoa te mahi tahi i runga i te huarahi ōrite.
8. Whakangunguhia ngā kaimahi me te whakahaere i ngā huringa
Ko te angitu o te whakaurunga kapua ka whakatauhia i te nuinga o te wā e te rite o ngā rauemi tangata. Me mārama ngā kaimahi ki te whakamahi i ngā taupānga hou, ngā mahi haumarutanga pēnei i te manatoko maha-wāhanga, me te mahi tahi i roto i te taiao matihiko.
Whakaratohia he whakangungu auau, he tuhinga ā-roto, me te tautoko hangarau i te wā whakawhiti. Hei whakaiti i te ātete, whakapāhohia ngā painga o te kapua i roto i ngā kupu tūturu, pērā i te urunga tere ake ki ngā raraunga, te mahi ngāwari ake, me ngā tukanga māmā ake.
9. Whakapai ake i ngā utu me te mahi i muri i te whakatinanatanga
He ngāwari te kapua, engari ka piki haere pea ngā utu mēnā kāore e tika te whakahaere. Whakatinanahia ngā rautaki whakahaere utu pēnei i:
– Kōwhiria he mōkihi e rite ana ki ō hiahia (kaua e nui rawa ngā mea e whakaratohia ana)
– Whakawetohia ngā rauemi kāore i te whakamahia
– Te whakamahi i te tauine aunoa hei whakatika i te kawenga mahi
– Aroturuki i te whakamahinga rokiroki me te whānui o te hononga
Haunga ngā utu, kia tino pai te mahi a te taupānga. Inehia ngā inenga pēnei i te wā urupare a te taupānga, te wātea o te ratonga, me te wheako o te kaiwhakamahi. Arotakehia i ia wā, ā, whakapaitia mēnā e tika ana.
10. Whakahaerehia te aromatawai tonu me te whakawhanake i te auahatanga
Ehara te whakaurunga kapua i te kaupapa kotahi-wā. Kia oti te pūnaha te whakahaere, me whakahaere ngā aromatawai auau kia mau tonu ai ngā ratonga ki ngā hiahia pakihi e whanake haere ana. Ka whakatuwherahia hoki e te kapua ngā whai wāhitanga mō te auahatanga, pērā i te whakamahinga o te matauranga horihori, te tātari raraunga matatau, te aunoatanga tukanga, me te whakawhanaketanga o ngā hua matihiko hou.
Tīmata ki tētahi hiahia tūturu, kātahi ka hanga haere i runga i te iti haere. Mēnā he rautaki arotahi, ka taea e te kapua te noho hei kaiārahi mō te tipu o te pakihi: te whakateretere i ngā mahi, te whakapai ake i te tauine, te whakapakari i te haumarutanga, me te akiaki i te auahatanga.
Te Katinga
Ko te whakauru i ngā ratonga kapua ki roto i tētahi pakihi me whai whakamahere tupato, mai i te whakatakoto whāinga me te whiriwhiri i tētahi tauira ratonga, te whakahaere arotake tono me te whakatinana i tētahi hekenga ā-wāhanga, tae atu ki te whakarite i te haumarutanga me te whakangungu kaimahi. Ina oti tika, kāore te kapua e whakakapi noa i ngā tūmau tūturu; ka whakaratohia hoki he huarahi mahi tere ake, ngāwari ake, me te whakataetae ake. Mō ngā pakihi i te ao matihiko, he haumitanga rautaki te kapua ka taea te āwhina i a rātou kia noho ki mua i te whakataetae me te whakarite mō te heke mai.
