He Aratohu mō te Whakamahi i a GitHub mō te Mahi Tahi ki te Kaupapa
He tūāpapa whakahaere waehere pūtake a GitHub e ahu mai ana i te Git, he tino rongonui mō te mahi tahi kaupapa, mai i ngā kaupapa iti me ngā mahi whare wānanga ki te whakawhanake pūmanawa tauine-hinonga. Mā te GitHub, ka taea e ngā tīma te mahi i runga i te pūtake waehere kotahi me te kore e tuhirua i ngā mahi a tētahi ki tētahi, te aroturuki i ngā huringa me te whai hua, te whakahaere kōrero hangarau, me te arotake i te kounga waehere i mua i te hanumi. Kei roto i tēnei tuhinga he aratohu whai hua mō te whakamahi i te GitHub mō te mahi tahi kaupapa, mai i te tīmatanga ki tētahi rerenga mahi kua whakaritea ake.
1. Te Mārama ki ngā Ariā Taketake: Git vs GitHub
I mua i te tīmatanga, he mea nui kia wehewehea a Git me GitHub. He pūnaha whakahaere putanga a Git e rere ana i runga i te rorohiko ā-rohe hei tuhi i ngā huringa kōnae. Ko GitHub, i tētahi atu ringa, he ratonga tukutuku e manaaki ana i ngā putunga Git ipurangi, ā, e whakarato ana i ngā āhuatanga tāpiri pēnei i ngā tono kukume, te aroturuki take, te arotake waehere, me te aunoatanga CI/CD. I roto i te mahi tahi, ka whai wāhi a Git ki te whakahaere putanga, ko GitHub ia e mahi ana hei "mokowāmahi tiritahi" hanganga.
2. Waihangahia he Putunga me te Hanganga Kaupapa
Ko te taahiraa tuatahi ko te waihanga i tētahi putunga raraunga i runga i te GitHub:
1. Pāwhiritia te Pūrua Hou.
2. Tauwhāitihia te ingoa o te putunga raraunga, te whakaahuatanga, me te tirohanga (Iwi/Tūmataiti).
3. Kōwhiringa: tirohia Tāpirihia he README , .gitignore , me te Raihana mēnā e hiahiatia ana.
Ko te README te tuhinga tuatahi mō tētahi kaupapa (te kaupapa, ngā tohutohu tāutanga, me ngā tohutohu takoha). Ka ārai te kōnae `.gitignore` i te tukunga o ētahi kōnae (hei tauira, `node_modules`, ngā kōnae hanga, ngā whirihoranga ā-rohe rānei). He mea nui ngā raihana mēnā he kaupapa tuwhera-pūtake te kaupapa, mēnā rānei kei te hiahia koe ki te whakahaere i ngā mana whakamahi.
3. Tāruatia te Pūrua ki te Rorohiko ā-Rohe
Kia oti te waihanga i te putunga raraunga, me tārua e ia mema o te tīma te kaupapa ki ā rātou ake mīhini mā te whakamahi i te whakahau:
"`pāho
tārua git https://github.com/username/nama-repo.git
""
Mā tēnei whakahau ka hangaia he tārua ā-rohe katoa o te kaupapa, me te hītori tuku. Kātahi, whakatere ki te kōpaki kaupapa:
"`pāho
ingoa-pūtāhui cd
""
4. Whirihoranga Tuakiri Git
Hei whakarite kia tuhia ia tukunga i raro i te ingoa tika o te kaituku, tautuhia te tuakiri Git:
"`pāho
git config –global user.name “Tō ingoa”
git config –global user.email "[email tiakina]"
""
He mea nui tēnei mō te māramatanga o ngā takoha, te arotake huringa, me te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero a te tīma.
5. Rerenga Mahi Peka mō te Mahi Tahi
Ko te mahi tahi whai hua he whakamahi i ngā peka. Mā ngā peka ka taea e ia tangata te mahi i ngā āhuatanga, i ngā whakatikatika rānei, me te kore e whakararuraru i te peka matua (ko te tikanga he 'matua', he 'matua' rānei). Ngā mahi noa:
– `matua`: waehere pumau/kua rite ki te tuku
– `whakawhanake` (whiringa): hanumihia ngā āhuatanga i mua i te pumau
– `āhuatanga/ingoa-āhuatanga`: whanaketanga āhuatanga hou
– `whakatika/ingoa-pūngoi`: whakatikatika i ngā pūngoi
– `whakatikatika/…`: whakatikatika tere i roto i te whakaputanga
Hei waihanga i tētahi peka:
"`pāho
āhuatanga/takiuru git checkout -b
""
I muri i te mahi, tiakina ngā huringa:
"`pāho
tāpiri git.
git commit -m “Tāpirihia te whārangi takiuru”
""
6. Tukuna ngā Huringa ki GitHub
Hei whakaatu i ngā huringa ā-rohe ki ētahi atu mema o te tīma, pēhia:
"`pāho
āhuatanga/takiuru taketake git push -u
""
Mā te kōwhiringa `-u` ka hono tonu te peka ā-rohe ki te peka mamao kia rite noa ai ngā pana i muri mai ki te `git push`.
7. Waihangahia ngā Tono Pull (PR) me ngā Arotakenga Waehere
Ko ngā Tono Pull te ngako o te mahi tahi i runga i a GitHub. Mā ngā PR ka taea e koe te whakaaro kia whakakotahihia he peka āhuatanga ki roto i te peka matua. Ko ngā mahi e whai ake nei:
1. Whakatuwheratia te repo i runga i a GitHub.
2. Tīpakohia te peka i pēhia e koe.
3. Pāwhiritia Whakataurite & tōia te tono.
4. Whakakīia te taitara me te whakaahuatanga o te PR kia mārama: he aha ngā mea i rerekē, ngā take, me pēhea te whakamātautau.
5. Tūtohua he kaiarotake (he mema o te tīma) me te tapanga (hei tauira, `whakarei`, `pūpū`).
Mā ngā arotake waehere ka āwhina i te pupuri i te kounga o te waehere me te hora i te mātauranga i roto i te tīma. Ko te tikanga, ka tirohia e ngā kaiarotake:
– Te pono arorau
– Te ōritetanga o te momo waehere
– Haumarutanga (hei tauira, whakamanatanga tāuru)
– Te mahi me tōna pānga
– Te wātea o te whakamātautau
Mena he whakatikatika, ka whakatikahia e ngā kaituhi i roto i te peka kotahi ka pana anō; ka whakahōu aunoa te PR.
8. Te Whakatau i te Taupatupatu (Whakakotahi i te Taupatupatu)
Ka puta he pakanga ina pāngia te wāhanga kotahi o te kōnae e ngā huringa e rua. Hei whakaiti i te pakanga:
– Tōia pinepine mai i te peka ūnga
– Wehewehea te mahi kia mārama
– Hangaia he taurangi iti, he taurangi whai kiko
Mena ka puta he pakanga i te wā hanumi, ka taea e koe te:
1. Tangohia ngā huringa hou:
"`pāho
āhuatanga/takiuru tirotiro git
git tiki takenga
git merge takenga/matua
""
2. Ka tohua e Git ngā kōnae taupatupatu. Whakatuwheratia, tīpakohia ngā huringa tika, kātahi ka:
"`pāho
tāpirihia te ingoa kōnae ki te git
git commit -m "Whakatauhia ngā pakanga ki te matua"
git
""
9. Te Whakamahi i ngā Take mō te Whakahaere Mahi
He pai te āhuatanga Take a GitHub mō te tuhi i ngā mahi, ngā pepeke, ngā whakaaro āhuatanga, ngā kōrero rānei. Whakamahia he whakatakotoranga mārama:
– Taitara motuhake (hei tauira, "Hapa: kāore te pātene tuku e whakautu mai i runga waea pūkoro")
– Whakaahuatanga: ngā mahi whakaputa uri, ngā whanonga e tumanakohia ana, ngā taunakitanga (ngā whakaahua mata/ngā rangitaki)
– Tāpirihia ngā tapanga, ngā tohu paetae, ka tuku atu ki te tangata whai kawenga
Mō ngā Take, he "rārangi mahi" tā ngā tīma ka taea e rātou te aroturuki, te whakarite i ngā mea matua, me te hono tika atu ki ngā PR.
10. Poari Kaupapa me ngā Tohu Paetae mō te Whakamahere
Mā GitHub ka whakaratohia ngā Kaupapa (ngā papa kanban) hei whakarite i ngā mahi ki ngā pou pēnei i a To Do, In Progress, me Done. Ka āwhina tēnei ki te tiro i te ahunga whakamua, inā koa he maha ngā take me ngā PR a te tīma.
He pai ngā tohu paetae mō ngā whāinga putanga motuhake, ngā rā kati rānei, pērā i te "v1.0". Ka taea e koe te whakarōpū i ngā take me ngā PR ki ngā tohu paetae hei aroturuki i te otinga.
11. Kia mau tonu te kounga me ngā ture putunga
Hei whakapai ake i te haumaru me te hanganga o te mahi tahi, whakamahia ngā tautuhinga e whai ake nei:
– Ngā ture tiaki peka: ārai i te pana tika ki te `matua`
– Arotake PR ā-ture i mua i te whakakotahitanga
– Kua paahitia te mana tirotiro ā-ture (hei tauira, whakamātautau wae)
– Tautuhia ko wai ka taea te hanumi
Ma tenei, ka taea te whakaiti i te tuponotanga o te whakauru i te waehere raruraru ki te peka matua.
12. Ngā Tikanga Pai o te Mahi Ngātahi i runga i te GitHub
Anei ētahi o ngā tikanga pai e whakamahia ana e te nuinga o ngā tīma ngaio:
1. Ngā herenga iti, whakaahua hoki: he ngāwari ki te whai me te arotake.
2. Whakamahia ngā tikanga whakaingoa peka: he rite tonu, he ngāwari hoki ki te pānui.
3. Whakaahuatanga PR katoa: whakahuatia te horopaki, ngā huringa, me te tikanga whakamātautau.
4. Whakamahia ngā tauira: Ka tere ake te tukanga mā ngā tauira putanga me ngā tauira PR.
5. Ka whakahoutia tonutia ngā tuhinga: README, CHANGELOG, me te aratohu takoha.
6. Whakawhitiwhiti kōrero mārama: whakamahia ngā kōrero PR/take mō ngā kōrero hangarau kia mau tonu ai te tuhi.
7. Whakamahia ngā tūtohu me ngā tukunga: tohua ngā putanga pumau, ā, kia māmā ake te huri whakamuri.
Te Katinga
Ehara a GitHub i te wāhi penapena waehere anake, engari he pūnaha mahi tahi katoa: mai i te whakahaere putanga, ngā kōrero, te whakahaere mahi, tae atu ki te arotake waehere. Mā te whakatinana i tētahi rerenga mahi e hangai ana ki te peka, ngā tono kukume, me te aroturuki take, ka taea e ngā tīma te mahi i runga ake i te hanganga, te whakaiti i ngā taupatupatu, me te whakapai ake i te kounga pūmanawa. Tīmata ki ngā mahi māmā pēnei i te waihanga peka, te tuku PR auau, me te tuhi i ngā huringa. I roto i te wā, ka nui ake te whai hua me te ngaio o te mahi tahi kaupapa.
