Ngā Tohutohu mō te Tuhituhi Waehere Pupuri
Ehara i te mea ko te "whakahaere" noa i tētahi kaupapa te tuhi waehere. I roto i te mahi, he nui te wā whakawhanake pūmanawa e pau ana ki te pānui, ki te whakapai ake, me te whakawhanake i ngā waehere o nāianei—ahakoa nōu ake, nō tētahi atu rānei. Nō reira, he pūkenga nui te kaha ki te tuhi waehere ka taea te pupuri mō tētahi kaihōtaka. Ka whakaitihia e te waehere ka taea te pupuri ngā utu tiaki, ka tere ake te tāpiri āhuatanga, ka whakaitihia ngā pepeke, ā, ka nui ake te whai hua o te mahi tahi a te tīma. Anei ētahi tohutohu whai hua mō te tuhi waehere ma, mārama, me te pumau.
1. Whakatairangahia te ngāwari o te pānui i te "mātauranga"
He uaua te mārama ki te waehere "matatau" rawa. Hei tauira, he ātaahua te āhua o te tuhi i tētahi rārangi waehere poto rawa, engari ka pōhēhē pea ina pānuihia anō. Kōwhiria he otinga mārama, ahakoa he roa ake. He haumitanga te ngāwari ki te pānui: kotahi noa te wā ka tuhia e koe te waehere, engari ka pānuihia e koe i ngā wā maha.
Hei tauira, kaua e whakapūpū i ngā mahi maha ki roto i te kīanga kotahi, wehewehea kia rite ki ngā taahiraa me ngā ingoa taurangi whai tikanga. Mā tēnei ka āwhina i te kaipānui ki te mārama ki te kaupapa o te hōtaka me te kore e hiahia ki te matapae.
2. Whakamahia he ingoa mārama, he rite tonu hoki
Ko ngā ingoa taurangi, mahi, me ngā ingoa akomanga ngā "rārangi tuatahi o ngā tuhinga" mō tō waehere. Me whakaahua e ngā ingoa pai ō rātou mahi, ō rātou kaupapa rānei, kaua ko te hōputu o ō rātou raraunga anake. Hei tauira, he nui ake ngā mōhiohio a `userList` i te `ul`, ā, he mārama ake a `calculateTotalPrice()` i te `ctp()`.
Haunga te mārama, me rite tonu te whakaingoa. Ki te whakamahi koe i te camelCase mō ngā taurangi, me mau tonu ki tēnei i roto i tō kaupapa. Mō ngā akomanga, whakamahia te PascalCase mēnā koinei te tikanga reo e pai ana ki a koe. Mā te rite ka rite te ahua o te waehere, ā, ka whakaiti i te taumahatanga hinengaro i te wā e pānui ana.
3. Whakamahia te mātāpono o te "Tangata Kotahi"
Ko tētahi o ngā tino take o te uaua o te pupuri i te waehere ko ngā mahi, ngā akomanga rānei e mahi ana i ngā mea maha rawa. E kī ana te Mātāpono Kawenga Kotahi me kotahi anake te kawenga matua o tētahi waeine waehere. Ko te mahi roa rawa he tohu ia me wāwāhi.
Hei tauira, he uaua ki te whakamātautau, ā, he uaua hoki ki te whakarerekē i tētahi mahi "tukanga utu" e whakamana ana i te whakaurunga, e tatau ana i ngā utu, e whakapā atu ana ki tētahi kēti utu, e tuku īmēra ana hoki i te wā kotahi. Mā te wehewehe i ngā mahi ki ngā mahi motuhake (manatoko, tatau, utu, whakamōhiotanga), ka taea e koe te hanga huringa ki tētahi wāhanga me te kore e pakaru ngā wāhanga kē.
4. Āta karohia te tāruarua (MAROKE), engari kaua e nui rawa.
He kaupapa nui te DRY (Kaua e Whakahokia te Mahi): ki te tāruatia e koe te poraka waehere kotahi i ngā wā maha, ka hiahiatia kia whakatikahia e koe ngā mea katoa i tētahi huringa iti. He ngāwari tēnei ki te hapa. Ko te otinga ko te tango i te arorau kua whakahokia ki roto i tētahi mahi, i tētahi kōwae rānei.
Heoi, he mea nui kia maumahara ko te karo i te tāruarua nui ka pā kino ki te ngāwari o te pānui. Mena he rite te āhua o ngā waehere e rua engari he rerekē ngā horopaki, mā te akiaki i te "whakarāpopototanga" ka uaua ake te waehere. Kimihia he taurite: whakahou i te wā e tino whai tikanga ana te tāruarua, ā, ka taea te huri tahi.
5. Waihangahia he hanganga kaupapa ātaahua
Ka pā te hanganga kōpaki mārama ki te māmā o te tiaki. Ka whakarōpūhia ngā kōnae mā te āhuatanga, mā te kōwae rānei, kaua mā te momo kōnae anake, inā koa mō ngā kaupapa nunui. Mā te hanganga pai ka māmā ake te mārama o te hunga hou ki te hoahoa o te kaupapa.
Hei tauira, kaua e waiho ō wāhanga UI katoa ki roto i te kōpaki nui kotahi, engari ka taea e koe te wehewehe i aua wāhanga mā te āhuatanga: `auth/`, `profile/`, `checkout/`, me ētahi atu. Mā tēnei huarahi ka āwhina i tō kaupapa kia whānui haere i a ia e tipu haere ana.
6. Whakawhāitihia te uauatanga, ā, kia māmā te whai i te rere o ngā mahi arorau.
He uaua te pupuri i te waehere kī tonu i ngā tauākī "if-else" kua whakapūpūtia, ngā tikanga maha, me ngā tūponotanga motuhake. Ngāna ki te whakahaere i tō arorau. Ka taea e koe te whakamahi i ngā tikanga pēnei i te "early return" hei whakaiti i te whakapūpūtanga, te neke rānei i te arorau uaua ki ngā mahi iti ka taea te whakaingoa tika.
Mena he nui rawa ngā tawhā o tētahi mahi, he tohu anō hoki tēnei mō te uauatanga. Whakaarohia te whakamahi i tētahi ahanoa whirihoranga (hanganga raraunga rānei) hei whakarite pai ake i ngā tawhā, hei whakangāwari ake hoki i te whakawhānui.
7. Tuhia ngā kōrero e tika ana
Kāore ngā kōrero e whakakapi i te waehere mārama. Ki te hiahia koe ki te whakamārama i "ngā mahi a te waehere," me ngāwari ake pea te pānui. Heoi anō, he pai tonu ngā kōrero hei whakamārama i "te take" i mahia ai tetahi mea, inā koa mēnā he whakatau hoahoa, he herenga pūnaha, he take pakihi motuhake rānei.
Ko ētahi tauira o ngā kōrero pai ko te whakamārama he aha i whakamahia ai tētahi pūnaha motuhake nā te iti o te mahi, he aha rānei te āhua rerekē o tētahi ture whakamana nā te mea e whai ana i tētahi ture. Pēnei, e kore ētahi e "whakapaipai" i te waehere, e kore hoki e pakaru te arorau nui.
8. Whakamahia ngā aratohu hōputu me te momo waehere
Mā te whakatakotoranga ōrite ka ātaahua te ahua o te waehere, ā, ka ngāwari hoki te pānui. Whakamahia ngā riipene me ngā kaiwhakahōputu aunoa mēnā e wātea ana (hei tauira, ESLint + Prettier mō JavaScript, Black mō Python, gofmt rānei mō Go). Mā ēnei taputapu, kāore he āwangawanga mō ngā tīma mō te mokowā me te kōpiko, nā te mea ka whakahaerea aunoatia ngā mea katoa.
He āwhina anō hoki ngā aratohu momo: te whakamahi i ngā tohu kōrero takitahi, takirua rānei, me pēhea te whakaingoa i ngā kōnae, te wā e wāwāhia ai ngā rārangi roa, me ērā atu mea. Ka taea e ngā paerewa iti pēnei te hanga i tētahi rerekētanga nui mō te wā roa.
9. Tuhia ngā whakamātautau hei pupuri i te maia i te wā e whakahou ana.
Ehara i te mea he ma noa te waehere ka taea te pupuri engari he haumaru hoki ki te whakarerekē. Mā ngā whakamātautau aunoa (whakamātautau wae, whakamātautau whakauru) ka oati kāore ō huringa e takahi i ngā whanonga kua whakapumautia. Ki te kore he whakamātautau, ka mataku te tangata ki te whakapai ake i te waehere nā te mea kei te tūpono kei puta he hapa kāore e kitea.
Tīmata ki ngā wāhanga matua: ngā mahi tatau utu, ngā ture hekenga, te whakamana, ngā kōwae rānei e whakarerekē pinepinetia ana. I roto i te wā, ka tipu haere te kapinga whakamātautau, ā, ka whakarato i te parenga kaha ki ngā hokinga whakamuri.
10. Whakahaerehia te whakahou i ngā āhuatanga i ia wā, i ia wā, kia taea ai te ine
He tukanga tonu te tiaki. Ehara te whakahou i te tikanga o te "tuhi anō i ngā mea katoa," engari he whakapainga iti hei whakapai ake i te kounga o te waehere me te kore e whakarerekē i tōna whanonga. Whakaritea he whakahou i ngā wā katoa ka pā koe ki tētahi wāhanga o te waehere: whakatikatika i tētahi wāhanga, whakatikahia te ingoa, wāwāhia he mahi roa rawa, tangohia rānei te waehere mate.
He haumaru ake ngā whakahoutanga iti, auau, i ngā whakahoutanga nui, auau. Ā, me whakarite kia tika te whakamātautau, kia tirohia rānei i mua, i muri hoki i ngā huringa.
11. Tuhia ngā whakataunga nui
Haunga ngā kōrero waehere, he poto noa iho ngā tuhinga mō ngā kaupapa pai: me pēhea te whakahaere i te tono, me pēhea te hanga, me pēhea te whirihora i te taiao, me tētahi whakamārama hoahoa taumata teitei. Kāore e hiahiatia kia whānui rawa ngā tuhinga nei, engari me tika, me ngāwari hoki te kimi. Ka taea e tētahi kōnae e tiakina pai ana pērā i te `README.md` te penapena i te nui o te wā ki te whakauru i ngā mema hou.
Mena he whakatau hangarau matua (hei tauira, te whiriwhiri i tētahi pātengi raraunga motuhake, tauira hoahoa, here whakauru rānei), tuhia te take. Mā tēnei ka āwhina i te tīma ki te mārama ki te horopaki, ā, ka ārai i te whakahoki anō i te kōrero kotahi.
Te Katinga
Ko te waehere ka taea te pupuri ko te hua o ngā tikanga pai: te tuhituhi mārama, te wehewehe i ngā kawenga, te pupuri i te ōritetanga, te whakaiti i te uauatanga, me te tiaki i ngā huringa mā te whakamahi i ngā whakamātautau. Kāore he waehere e tino tika ana, engari ka taea e ia kaupapa te whakapai tonu mēnā ka whakapau kaha te tīma ki te kounga. Mā te whakatinana i ngā tohutohu i runga ake nei, ka pai ake tō rite ki te angitu—ehara i te mea i tēnei rā anake, engari i ngā marama me ngā tau kei te heke mai.
