Te Mahi a te Mita pH
He mea nui te ine i te pH i roto i ngā momo mara, tae atu ki te matū, te koiora, te hangarau, me te rongoā. Ko te taputapu e whakamahia ana hei ine i te pH o tētahi otinga e kiia ana he mita pH. Ka whakamāramahia e tēnei tuhinga ngā mātāpono mahi o te mita pH, ōna wāhanga, me ōna tono i roto i ngā momo mara.
Pendahuluan
He tauine logarithm te pH e whakamahia ana hei whakatau i te waikawa, te kawakore rānei o tētahi otinga. Kei waenga i te 0 ki te 14 te tauine pH: ko te pH 7 e kiia ana he kūpapa, ko te pH i raro i te 7 e tohu ana i ngā āhuatanga waikawa, ā, ko te pH i runga ake i te 7 e tohu ana i ngā āhuatanga kawakore. Nā te mea he mea nui te ine pH i roto i te maha o ngā taiao pūtaiao me ngā ahumahi, he mea nui te noho o tētahi mita pH. He taputapu hiko te mita pH ka taea te whakarato i ngā ine pH tere me te tika.
Ngā Wāhanga o te Mita pH
I mua i te mārama ki te kaupapa mahi o te mita pH, he mea nui kia mōhio ki ngā wāhanga matua o te mita pH, arā, he irahiko pH me tētahi taputapu ine hiko.
1. te hiko pH:
Ko te tikanga, he karāhe te mea hanga o te hiko pH, he mea aro ki ngā katote hauwai. Kei roto he hiko motuhake kei roto he paraoa tiēre kei roto he hiriwa pūhaumāota (AgCl). Ka whakamahia hoki he hiko tohutoro hei paerewa pumau mō te ine. Ka mahi tahi ēnei hiko e rua ki te ine i te pH o te otinga.
2. Ngā Taputapu Ine Hiko:
Ko te mita hiko te wae matua hei pānui me te whakaatu i te pH. He maha ngā āhuatanga tāpiri o ēnei mita, pērā i te whakatikatika aunoa, te rokiroki raraunga, me te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ki te rorohiko mō ngā tātari matatau.
Te Mātāpono Mahi o te Irahiko pH
Ko te mahi a te hiko pH i runga i te mātāpono o te matū hiko. Ka aro te hiko karāhe ki te kukū o ngā katote hauwai i roto i te otinga. Ina whakanohoia he hiko pH ki roto i te otinga e inehia ana, ka pāngia e ngā katote hauwai i roto i te otinga te pūmanawa o te hiko karāhe. Ka inehia tēnei rerekētanga pūmanawa e puta mai ana e te hiko tohutoro, ā, ka hurihia te tohu hua ki te uara pH e te taputapu ine hiko.
Te mātāpono a Nernst
Whakamāramahia te mātāpono mahi o te irahiko pH e kore e taea te wehe atu i te Ture a Nernst. Ka taea te whakamārama i te pūmanawa o te irahiko karāhe mā te whārite Nernst penei:
\[ E = E_0 + \left( \dfrac{RT}{nF} \right) \ln a_{H+} \]
Dimana:
– Ko E te pūmanawa hikohiko,
– Ko te E0 te pūmanawa hiko paerewa,
– Ko R te pūmau hau whānui (8.314 J/mol·K),
– Ko T te pāmahana i roto i te Kelvin,
– ko n te maha o ngā irahiko i whakawhitia i roto i tētahi tauhohenga hikohiko,
– Ko F te pūmau o Faraday (96485 C/mol),
– ko te aH+ te mahi a ngā iona hauwai.
Mō ngā inenga pH, ka whakakapia te ngohe katote hauwai e te kukū katote hauwai, nō reira ka ine te whārite i tētahi pūmanawa e huri rārangi ana me ngā huringa o te pH.
Te Whakatakotoranga me te Whakamahinga o te Mita pH
Me tika te whakatikatika i ngā inenga mā te mita pH. Ka whakamahia ngā otinga paerewa me ngā uara pH e mōhiotia ana mō te whakatikatika. I te nuinga o te wā, e rua, neke atu rānei ngā otinga pākawa waro me ngā uara pH rerekē mō te tukanga whakatikatika. Ka rerekē pea te tukanga whakatikatika i runga i te tauira mita pH, engari ko te tikanga ko ēnei mahi:
1. Te Whakarite i te Irahiko:
Me horoi ngā irahiko ki te wai whakapūkara hei tango i te paru, i te toenga rānei mai i te wairewa o mua. I muri i te horoinga me te whakamaroke, me rumaki ngā irahiko ki roto i te wairewa parepare paerewa.
2. Te Whakatikatika i te Pūwāhi Kore:
Kua whakatakotoria te mita pH hei ine i tētahi otinga ārai me te pH kūpapa (te nuinga o te wā ko te pH 7). Ka tautuhia anō te taputapu i tēnei wā kia tika ai te uara kore, te pūwāhi tohutoro rānei.
3. Te Whakatikatika i te Pūwāhi Waikawa me te Pūtake:
I muri i te whakatikatika i te ira kore, ka whakamahia he otinga arai waikawa (te pH 4 te nuinga) me te otinga arai taketake (te pH 10 te nuinga) hei whakatikatika i te ira whakatikatika. Kātahi ka whakatikatikaina te mita pH kia ōrite ki ngā uara pH o ngā arai waikawa me ngā arai taketake.
4. Ine:
I muri i te whakatikatika, kua rite te mita pH ki te whakamahi hei ine i te pH o tētahi otinga kāore i te mōhiotia. Ka toua te hikohiko ki roto i te tauira otinga, ā, ka whakaatuhia e te mita pH te uara pH i inehia.
Te Whakamahinga o te Mita pH
He whānuitia ngā tono a ngā mita pH i roto i ngā mara ahumahi me ngā mara rangahau.
1. Te Ahumahi Kai me te Inu:
I roto i te umanga kai, he mea nui te pH hei whakarite i te kounga me te haumaru o ngā hua. He mea tika te ine i te pH mō ngā tukanga whakapūkara, te whakahaere kounga o ngā hua miraka, ngā inu waipiro, me te tiaki.
2. Te Taiwhanga Matū me te Koiora:
I roto i te taiwhanga, e whakamahia ana ngā mita pH mō ngā momo tātaritanga matū me ngā tātaritanga koiora, tae atu ki te whakarite i ngā otinga ārai, te tātaritanga matū waro me te kore-waro, me ngā rangahau koiora pērā i te ahurea pūtau.
3. Ahumahi Rongoā:
E whakamahia ana ngā mita pH i roto i te whakahaere kounga rongoā, hei whakarite i te pumau me te whai huatanga o ngā matū rongoā i raro i ngā āhuatanga pH rerekē.
4. Te Maimoatanga Wai me te Taiao:
I roto i te maimoatanga wai me te tātari taiao, ka whakamahia ngā mita pH hei aroturuki i te kounga o te wai me te whakahaere i ngā tukanga maimoatanga wai para. He mea nui tēnei hei ārai i te parahanga me te pupuri i tētahi pūnaha rauropi taurite.
5. Ahuwhenua:
He mea nui te pH o te oneone hei awe i te tipu o ngā tipu. Mā te whakamahi i tētahi mita pH, ka taea e ngā kaimahi pāmu te aroturuki me te whakarerekē i te pH o te oneone kia rite ki ngā hiahia o ngā hua e whakatōkia ana e rātou.
Whakamutunga
Ko te kaupapa mahi o te mita pH he whakamahinga o te matū hiko e whakamahi ana i ngā irahiko karāhe hei ine i te kukū o ngā katote hauwai i roto i te otinga. He mea nui te whakatikatika tika mō ngā hua ine tika. He whānui te whakamahinga o ngā mita pH i roto i ngā momo mara, mai i te umanga kai me te inu ki te maimoatanga wai me te ahuwhenua, ā, he mea nui ēnei taputapu i roto i ngā tukanga pūtaiao me ngā tukanga ahumahi maha. Mā te mārama ki te kaupapa mahi me ngā whakamahinga o ngā mita pH, ka taea e tātou te mārama ki te hiranga o tēnei taputapu i roto i ngā momo mahi o te ao hou.
