He aha te Tohu Waikawa-Kūtake Taiao?
Pendahuluan
Ko te tohu waikawa-pūtake he matū e whakamahia ana hei whakatau i te waikawa, te kawakore rānei o tētahi wairewa. I roto i te oranga o ia rā, he maha ngā wā ka tūtaki tātou ki ngā hiahia maha hei ine i te pH o tētahi wai, ahakoa i roto i ngā taiwhanga, i ngā whare noho, i te umanga kai me te inu rānei. Ko te tikanga, ko ngā tohu waikawa-pūtake e whakamahia ana he matū motuhake i hangaia i roto i ngā taiwhanga. Heoi, i mōhio koe he maha ngā matū taiao e karapoti nei i a tātou ka taea te whakamahi hei tohu waikawa-pūtake ? Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga he aha ngā tohu waikawa-pūtake tūturu, me pēhea te mahi, me ngā tauira o aua tohu i roto i te oranga o ia rā.
Te Mārama ki ngā Tohu Waikawa-Pūtake
I te nuinga o te wā, he matū te tohu waikawa-pūtake e huri ana te tae ina tauhohe ki tētahi wairewa waikawa, ki tētahi wairewa taketake rānei. Ka taea te whakamahi i tēnei huringa tae hei tohu i te pH o tētahi wairewa, he ine tēnei i tōna waikawa, tōna taketake rānei. Ko te tauine pH kei waenganui i te 0 ki te 14, ko te 7 te mea kūpapa. Ko ngā wairewa he pH iti iho i te 7 he waikawa, ko ngā wairewa he pH nui ake i te 7 he taketake.
He aha ngā Tohu Taiao?
Nā te tirohanga pai ake ki te taiao me te hiahia ki te whakaiti i te whakamahinga o ngā matū hangai i akiaki te whanaketanga me te whakamahinga o ngā tohu taiao. Hei tāpiri, he ngāwari ake te wātea o ngā tohu taiao, he haumaru ake te whakamahi, ā, he maha ngā wā he iti ake te ōhanga. Hei tāpiri, he pānga pai anō hoki ngā tohu taiao ki te mātauranga mā te whakarato i ngā whai wāhitanga ki ngā ākonga ki te tūhura i ngā āhuatanga matū mā te whakamahi i ngā rauemi e wātea ana.
Te Mahi a ngā Tohu Waikawa-Pūtake Taiao
He rite tonu te kaupapa matua o ngā tohu waikawa-pūtake tūturu ki te kaupapa o ngā tohu hangai: he panoni tae ina tauhohe ki te waikawa, ki te pūtake rānei. Ka puta tēnei panoni i te aroaro o ngā tae tūturu i roto i ngā tipu e aro ana ki ngā panonitanga o te pH. Ko ēnei tae, pērā i ngā anthocyanin, ngā flavonoid, ngā betanin rānei, he hanganga matū e pāngia ana e ngā iona hauwai (H+) me ngā iona hauwai (OH-).
Ina tāpirihia he wairewa waikawa ki tētahi tae, ka rerekē te hanganga ngota, ka puta he tae motuhake. I tetahi atu taha, ina tāpirihia he wairewa taketake, ka rerekē anō te hanganga ngota, ka puta he tae rerekē. Mā tēnei ka taea e tātou te whakatau ā-kanohi mēnā he waikawa, he taketake rānei te wairewa.
Ngā Tauira o ngā Tohu Waikawa-Pūtake Taiao
1. Kāpeti Whero
Ko te kāpeti whero tētahi o ngā tohu taiao e whakamahia whānuitia ana. Kei roto i te kāpeti whero ngā tae anthocyanin e huri ana te tae i runga i te pH o te wairewa. I raro i ngā āhuatanga waikawa, ka huri te wairewa kāpeti whero ki te whero, ki te māwhero rānei. I raro i ngā āhuatanga kūpapa, ka papura te tae, engari i raro i ngā āhuatanga kawakore, ka huri ki te kakariki, ki te kikorangi rānei. He ngāwari te tiki i te kāpeti whero, ā, he haumaru te whakamahi, he mea pai mō ngā whakamātautau ngāwari i te kāinga, i te kura rānei.
2. Hīpīhiku
Kei roto i ngā putiputi hīpī he tae anthocyanin, pērā i te kāpeti whero, ka rerekē te tae i runga i te pH. Ka taea te kuru i ngā rau hīpī hou ka whakaranua ki te wai iti hei hanga i tētahi otinga tohu. Ka huri whero tēnei otinga i ngā taiao waikawa, ā, ka kakariki i ngā taiao kawakore.
3. Kiri Hua Tarakona
Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te kiri o te tarakona hei tohu pH tūturu. Kei roto i te kiri te betanin, he tae e huri ana te tae ina tauhohe ki ngā huringa o te pH. I raro i ngā āhuatanga waikawa, ka puta te kiri o te tarakona he whero, i raro i ngā āhuatanga kawakore, ka huri kowhai, ka kakariki rānei.
Me pēhea te hanga me te whakamahi i ngā tohu waikawa-pūtake taiao
1. Kāpeti Whero
– Ngā kai e hiahiatia ana: Kāpeti whero me te wai.
- Me pēhea te hanga:
1. Tapatapahia te kāpeti whero kia mongamonga.
2. Tāpirihia ngā mongamonga kāpeti ki roto i te wai kohua, ka waiho kia noho mō ētahi meneti kia papura rā anō te wai.
3. Tātarihia te wai kāpeti ka rongoa ki roto i tētahi ipu ma.
- Me pēhea te whakamahi:
1. Tangohia kia torutoru ngā pata o te wai kāpeti whero ka whakaranua ki te wai e hiahia ana koe ki te whakamātautau.
2. Mātakihia te panonitanga o te tae, ka whakataurite ki te tauine pH hei whakatau i te waikawa, te kawakore rānei.
2. Hīpīhiku
– Ngā rauemi e hiahiatia ana: Ngā putiputi hīpīska hou me te wai.
- Me pēhea te hanga:
1. Tīkina ngā rau o te hīpīska.
2. Kuruhia, kuruhia rānei ngā rau kia māeneene.
3. Whakaranua ki te iti o te wai, ka tātarihia kia mārama te otinga.
- Me pēhea te whakamahi:
1. Ringihia te wai whakapūkara ki roto i te wai e hiahia ana koe ki te whakamātautau.
2. Mātakihia ngā panonitanga tae e puta ana.
3. Kiri Hua Tarakona
– Ngā kai e hiahiatia ana: Te kiri o te hua tarakona me te wai.
- Me pēhea te hanga:
1. Tihorea te kiri o te hua tarakona ka kuru.
2. Tāpirihia he wai, ka huri kia hanga he paraoa pokepoke.
3. Tātarihia te whakapiri kia mārama te wai.
- Me pēhea te whakamahi:
1. Tāpirihia ētahi pata o te wairewa kiri hua tarakona ki te wairewa e hiahia ana koe ki te whakamātautau.
2. Mātakihia ngā panonitanga tae e puta ana.
Ngā Painga me ngā Here o ngā Tohu Taiao
Te Whakamutunga
1. Hoa ki te Taiao: He rauemi pirau ā-taiao e whakamahia ana, ā, kāore e tāpirihia he parahanga matū.
2. Haumaru ki te Whakamahi: Ko te nuinga o ēnei kai taiao he tino haumaru, ā, kāore he paitini, nō reira he haumaru ki te whakamahi i te kāinga, i te kura rānei.
3. Ōhanga: He iti ake te utu o ngā kai māori, ā, he māmā ake te tiki atu i ngā tohu hangai.
Ngā Here
1. Te Tika: Kāore pea ngā tohu taiao e rite te tika ki ngā tohu hangai ki te whakatau i te pH tika.
2. Te Pūmautanga: Ka memeha pea ētahi tae taiao i roto i te wā, i ngā panonitanga rānei o ngā tikanga rokiroki.
3. Te Whānuitanga Tae Iti: Kāore e taea e ngā tohu taiao katoa te whakaputa i ngā huringa tae mārama puta noa i ngā awhe pH katoa.
Whakamutunga
He maha ngā painga o ngā tohu waikawa-pūtake tūturu, tae atu ki te pai mō te taiao, te haumaru, me te ohanga. Ko te kāpeti whero, te hīpīsū, me te kiri hua tarakona ētahi tauira o ngā rauemi e whai hua ana hei tohu pH. Ahakoa he iti noa ngā tohu tūturu mō te tika me te pumau, he mea nui tonu ēnei hei whakakapi, inā koa mō ngā kaupapa mātauranga me ngā whakamātautau māmā. Mā te mārama me te whakamahi i ēnei rauemi tūturu, ka taea e tātou te whakaiti i tō tātou whakawhirinaki ki ngā matū hangai, me te whakatipu i te whanaungatanga tata ki te ao tūturu e karapoti nei i a tātou.
