Ngā Momo Whakamamae mō te Maimoatanga Niho
He maha ngā tāngata e whakaaro ana he whakamataku te maimoatanga niho. Ko te tikanga, ka puta mai tēnei wehi i ngā āwangawanga mō te mamae ka pā ki a rātou i te wā e whakahaerehia ana. He waimarie, kua puta mai ngā momo rongoā whakangote i roto i te ao niho, nā te whanaketanga o te mahi niho, hei āwhina i te whakaiti, i te whakakore rānei i tēnei mamae. Ka whakamāramahia e tēnei tuhinga ngā momo rongoā whakangote e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te maimoatanga niho , me pēhea te mahi, me ō rātou painga me ō rātou ngoikoretanga.
1. Rongoā Whakamamae ā-waha
Ko ngā rongoā whakangote ā-waha he momo rongoā whakangote e pania tika ana ki ngā mata o te kiriuhi waha, pērā i ngā kapia, i te arai rānei o te waha. Ko ēnei rongoā he rite ki te tiēre, ki te kirīmi, ki te rehu rānei. Ko te mahi a ngā rongoā whakangote ā-waha mā te whakangote i te wāhi e pania ana, ka taea ai te mahi i ngā tikanga pēnei i te werohanga rongoā whakangote, te horoi niho rānei, me te kore mamae.
Te taikaha:
- He ngāwari ki te whakamahi, he tere hoki te mahi.
– Kāore e hiahiatia he werohanga, nō reira kāore e mamae i ngā wāhanga tōmua.
– He haumaru mō te nuinga o ngā tūroro, tae atu ki ngā tamariki me te hunga e mataku ana ki te ngira.
Te korenga:
– Ka herea te pānga o te rongoā whakamoe ki te mata anake, ā, kāore e tino hohonu te ngoto.
– He poto noa te roa o te pānga o te rongoā whakamoe, he torutoru meneti ki te hawhe haora noa iho.
2. Rongoā whakangote ā-rohe
Ko ngā rongoā whakamoe ā-rohe (te rongoā whakamoe ā-rohe rānei) he momo rongoā whakamoe e werohia tika ana ki te rohe e karapoti ana i te niho, i ngā kapia rānei e hiahia ana kia rongoatia. Ko te mahi a ēnei rongoā mā te aukati i ngā tohu io i te rohe i werohia, hei ārai i te mamae i te wā e mahia ana.
Ngā tauira o ngā rongoā whakamoe ā-rohe: lidocaine, articaine, mepivacaine, me prilocaine.
Te taikaha:
– Ka taea te whakarato i te whakamoe hohonu kia pai ai mō ngā tikanga uaua ake pēnei i te whakakī niho, te tango niho, te maimoatanga awa pakiaka rānei.
– He roa te pānga, tata ki te kotahi ki te maha hāora, i runga i te momo me te horopeta i whakamahia.
Te korenga:
– Me werohanga, he mea whakamataku pea tēnei mō ētahi tūroro.
- Ngā pānga taha pea pēnei i ngā mate pāwera, ngā mate pāwera rānei i te wāhi i werohia ai.
3. Ngā rongoā whakangāwari
He momo rongoā ngā rongoā whakangāwari hei whakamahana i ngā tūroro, hei whakaiti hoki i te manukanuka i te wā e rongoatia ana ki te niho. He maha ngā huarahi e taea ai te hoatu i ngā rongoā whakangāwari, tae atu ki te manawa (inhale), te waha (horomanga mā te waha), te werohanga ā-uaua (IV) rānei.
Ngā tauira o ngā rongoā whakamoe: te hauota hauota (te hau kata), te diazepam, te midazolam, me te propofol.
Te taikaha:
– Ka whakaiti i te manukanuka me te mamae i te wā o te mahi.
– Ka taea te whakakotahi me ngā rongoā whakamoe ā-rohe hei whakarato i ngā pānga whakamoe me te whakamoe pai ake.
– Ka taea e te hau hauota waikura te whakarato i tētahi pānga whakamoe ngawari e memeha wawe ana i muri i te whakamutu i te whakamahinga, ā, ka taea e te tūroro te hoki wawe ki āna mahi o ia rā.
Te korenga:
– Ko ētahi momo rongoā whakamoe, inā koa ko ngā mea e hoatu ana ki te werohanga IV, me aroturukitia me te whiwhi pūkenga motuhake.
- Ngā pānga taha ngā pānga taha pea pērā i te whakapairuaki, te ruaki, te mate pāwera rānei.
– Kāore e pai mō ngā tūroro katoa, inā koa ko te hunga he mate hauora tō rātou, he hunga rānei e tango ana i ētahi atu rongoā ka pāhekoheko pea ki ngā rongoā whakamoe.
4. Rongoā Whakamate Whānui
Ko te rongoā whakamoe whānui he momo rongoā e ngaro ai te mārama o te tūroro i te wā e whakahaerehia ana. Ko tēnei momo rongoā ka whakamahia noa mō ngā mahi niho tino uaua, mō ngā tūroro rānei e tino mataku ana ki te maimoatanga niho.
Ngā tauira o ngā rongoā whakamoe whānui: propofol, sevoflurane, me te desflurane.
Te taikaha:
– Ka whakakorea rawatia te mamae me te kore whakamarie nā te mea kei roto te tūroro i te āhua kore mohio.
– Ka taea te whakamahi mō ngā tikanga tino uaua, tino roa rānei.
Te korenga:
– Me whai whare hauora motuhake me tētahi tīma hauora kua whakangungua hei whakahaere i te mate whakamoe whānui me te aroturuki i te tūroro i te wā o te tikanga me muri iho.
– Mōrearea ngā pānga taha he kino rawa atu ēnei i ērā atu momo rongoā whakamoe, pērā i ngā raruraru manawa, ngākau rānei.
– Me roa ake te wā whakaora o ngā tūroro i muri i te tikanga.
5. Te Whakamamae ā-Rohe
Ko te rongoā whakamoe ā-rohe he momo rongoā whakamoe e ārai ana i te mamae i tētahi wāhanga nui o te tinana i te rongoā whakamoe ā-rohe. I roto i ngā mahi niho, ka whakamahia te rongoā whakamoe ā-rohe hei whakangā i te kauae katoa, i te haurua rānei o te mata.
Ngā tauira tikanga: te aukati i te kauae o raro, e whakangā ai te kauae o raro, me te aukati i te kauae o runga me ngā ngutu.
Te taikaha:
– He tino whai hua mō te whakamamae i te mamae i ngā wāhi nui.
– He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia mō ngā tikanga uaua ake, mō ngā tikanga rānei e whai wāhi ana ngā niho maha.
Te korenga:
– Me whai tikanga me ngā pūkenga motuhake mai i te tākuta niho.
– Te mōrearea o ngā raruraru pēnei i te whara o te io, te hematoma rānei.
Ngā Whakatūpato me ngā Taunakitanga
Ahakoa he haumaru te rongoā whakangote i te nuinga o te wā, me maumahara ki ētahi whakatūpato:
– Hītori Hauora: Me whakarite kia mōhio tō tākuta niho ki tō hītori hauora katoa, tae atu ki ngā mate pāwera, ngā mate hauora mau tonu, me ngā rongoā e tangohia ana e koe i tēnei wā.
– Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero: Kaua e mangere ki te kōrero ki tō tākuta niho mō ō mataku me ō āwangawanga mō te rongoā whakamoe. Mā ēnei mōhiohio ka āwhina i tō tākuta niho ki te whiriwhiri i te tikanga rongoā whakamoe tino tika.
– Te Aroturukitanga: I ngā wā e whakamahia ana ngā rongoā whakamoe, inā koa ko ngā rongoā whakamoe, ngā rongoā whakamoe whānui rānei, he mea nui te aroturukitanga tata a te tīma hauora kia kitea me te whakatika wawe i ngā raruraru.
Whakamutunga
Nā ngā whanaketanga o te mahi niho kua puta mai ngā momo rongoā whakamoe hei āwhina i ngā tūroro kia whiwhi i te maimoatanga niho me te kore e nui te mamae, te kore rānei e pai te noho. Mai i te rongoā whakamoe ā-waha ki te rongoā whakamoe whānui, he painga me ngā ngoikoretanga o ia momo me whai whakaaro. Mā te kōrero tuwhera ki tō tākuta niho mō ngā kōwhiringa rongoā whakamoe me ngā mahi ārai e wātea ana ka āwhina i te whakarite kia pai ake te wheako niho, kia haumaru ake hoki.
