Ngā Tikanga Whakangungu Hinengaro-ārai i te Whānautanga
He tukanga ā-tinana te whānautanga o te pēpi, engari he maha ngā wā ka haere tahi me ngā kare ā-roto o te wehi, te manukanuka, me te taumahatanga. Ka taea e tēnei huinga o ngā kare ā-roto me te taumahatanga te pā ki te māramatanga o te mamae, te whakararuraru i te whai huatanga o ngā mamae o te pēpi, me te whakaiti i te whakamarie o te whaea. Ko tētahi huarahi kore-rongoā e whakamahia whānuitia ana hei āwhina i ngā whaea ki te whakatau i te whānautanga ko te ārai hinengaro. Ka whakakotahihia e tēnei tikanga te mātauranga, te whakangungu hinengaro, te whakangā, me ngā mahi whakakori tinana—ina koa ko te manawa—hei āwhina i ngā whaea kia wheako i te whānautanga me te marino, te whakahaere, me te maia nui ake.
Te whakamāramatanga o te ārai hinengaro
I te nuinga o te wā, ko te ārai hinengaro i te whānautanga he tikanga whakarite e aro ana ki te aukati, ki te whakaiti rānei i ngā urupare hinengaro kino (te wehi me te manukanuka) mā te whakarato kōrero me te whakaharatau i ngā pūkenga motuhake. Ko te tikanga, ka whakangungua te whaea (me tana hoa) ki te mārama ki te tukanga whānau , ki te mōhio ki ngā huringa tinana, me te whakawhanake rautaki hei whakatau i ngā mamae. He maha ngā wā ka honoa te ārai hinengaro ki te ariā o te "huringa wehi-māuiui-mamae": ka nui ake te mataku, ka nui ake te māuiui o te tinana; ka nui ake te mamae i te māuiui; ka kaha ake te wehi i te mamae. Mā te wawahi i tēnei huringa, e tumanakohia ana ka pai ake te urutau o te wheako whānau.
Te kaupapa o te whakangungu ārai mate hinengaro
He maha ngā whāinga matua o te whakangungu ārai mate hinengaro, tae atu ki:
1. Te whakaiti i te manukanuka me te wehi o te whānautanga mā te mātauranga me te whakarite hinengaro.
2. Whakapai ake i ngā pūkenga o te whaea ki te aro atu ki te whānautanga, kia taea ai te aro atu ki ngā mamae whānau me te kaha, kaua e mataku.
3. Ka arotau i te whakangā me te whakahaere manawa, ka āwhina ki te tiaki i te pūngao, te pupuri i te hāora, me te whakaiti i te pēhanga uaua.
4. Whakatenatenahia te mahi tahi a ngā whaea me ngā hoa mahi hei waihanga i te tautoko kare ā-roto pumau.
5. Whakanuia te whakapono o te whaea ki a ia anō me tana whai wāhi ki te whakatau kaupapa i te wā e whānau ana.
Ngā wāhanga matua o ngā tikanga whakangungu
Ko te whakangungu ārai hinengaro he maha ngā wāhanga matua e tautoko ana. Ko ngā tikanga e whai ake nei e whakamahia whānuitia ana.
1. Te mātauranga mō te tukanga whānautanga
Ko te mātauranga te tūāpapa o te ārai hinengaro. He maha ngā mataku e ahu mai ana i te kore mōhio, i te kore rānei e mōhio ki ngā kōrero tika. I roto i ngā wā ako, me mārama ngā whaea ki:
– Ngā wāhanga o te whānautanga (wāhanga I, II, III, me te wā whakaora tuatahi).
– Ngā tohu o te whānautanga me te wā tika hei haere ki te whare hauora.
– Ngā kare ā-roto o te tinana i te wā e mamae ana te pēpi, e puare ana, e whakaheke ana hoki i te māhunga.
– Ngā tikanga whānui i roto i ngā whare hauora (tirotiro ā-roto, aroturuki i te tere o te ngakau o te pēpi, te whakaohooho mēnā e tika ana).
- Kōwhiringa te whakahaere mamae, e rua ngā āhuatanga kore-rongoā me ngā āhuatanga rongoā anō hoki.
Mā te māramatanga tika, ka taea e ngā whaea te whakamārama i ngā kare ā-tinana hei wāhanga o tētahi tukanga noa, ehara i te "tuma" e whakaoho ana i te mataku.
2. Ngā mahi manawa kua tohutohuhia
Ko ngā tikanga manawa te kaupapa matua o ngā tikanga whakarite whānau maha. Ehara i te mea ko te "whakakore" katoa i te mamae te whāinga, engari ko te āwhina i te whaea kia mau tonu te manawataki, te arotahi, me te whakangā. Ko ētahi o ngā tauira manawa e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko:
– Te manawa puhoi, hōhonu hoki: i waenganui, i te tīmatanga rānei o ngā mamae o te puku hei whakaiti i te mahi a te pūnaha io arohaehae (te urupare ki te ahotea).
– Te manawa auau: ka whai mai ngā manawa poto ake, auau ake i te kaha o te whakahekenga, hei āwhina i te arotahi.
– Te manawa whakawhiti (mō te wāhanga whakatuwheratanga matatau): he tikanga manawa tere ake engari he whakahaere, kia kore ai te whaea e pupuri i tōna manawa, e kore hoki e tino pāngia e te manukanuka.
– Te manawa i a koe e pēhi ana: kia tika te pēhi a te whaea me te kore e pupuri i tōna manawa mō te wā roa rawa, e ai ki ngā tohutohu a te kaimahi hauora.
Me mahi tonu ngā mahi whakakorikori manawa i te roanga o te wā e hapū ana, kia noho hei tikanga aunoa i te wā e whānau ana.
3. Te whakangāwari i te uaua me te tuku i te taumahatanga
Ka taea e te pēhanga o ngā uaua—ina koa i te kauae, i ngā pakihiwi, i te tuara, me te papa hope—te whakanui ake i te mamae. Ko te whakangungu ārai mate hinengaro ko:
– Te whakangāwari haere: te whakakaha me te whakangāwari i ngā rōpū uaua kia kitea ai te rerekētanga i waenga i te taumahatanga me te whakangāwari.
– Te whakangāwari i ngā uaua: te whakangāwari i ngā uaua mā te manawa, te whakaaro, te arataki reo rānei.
– Ngā tikanga whakangāwari i te kauae me te pakihiwi: nā te mea he maha ngā wā ka hono te pēhanga o te tinana o runga ki te pēhanga o te hope.
Mā te whakangā pai ka āwhina i te tinana ki te mahi pai ake, tae atu ki te whakarite i ngā mamae me te whakawhānui o te kaki.
4. Te tirohanga me ngā whakaaro pai
He nui te pānga o ngā āhuatanga hinengaro ki ngā urupare mamae. Ka akiaki te tirohanga ki te arotahi ki ngā whakaahua whakamarie, ki te hoatu tikanga pai rānei ki ngā mamae, pērā i te whakaaro ki ngā ngaru e haere mai ana, e haere atu ana, i te kuaha rānei e puare haere ana. Ka taea hoki e ngā whakaaro pai te whakauru i ngā whakaū pēnei i te "e mōhio ana tōku tinana ki te whānau" me te "ka tata mai ia mamae ki te tūtaki ki taku pēpi."
Ka āwhina tēnei tikanga ki te whakaiti i te "kino nui," arā, ko te whakaaro i ngā āhuatanga kino rawa atu, ka whakanui ake i te manukanuka me te māramatanga ki te mamae.
5. Ngā mahi tūnga me te nekenekehanga
He maha ngā whaea e pai ake ana te nekeneke haere. Ko te whakangungu ārai-hinengaro ko te whakauru i ngā tūranga hei whakatau i ngā mamae me te āwhina i te hekenga o te pēpi, pēnei i:
– Tū mārire, haere mārire rānei
– Puritia tō hoa me te rūrū i tō hope
– Noho ki runga i te pōro whānau
– Te piko maui (ina koa mō te okiokinga)
– Te tūnga ngokingoki hei whakaiti i te mamae o te tuara
Mā te nekeneke tika e whakanui ake te whakamarie, e āwhina hoki i te tere haere o te tukanga whānau, mena kāore he ārai hauora.
6. Tautoko whakangungu hoa
Mā te noho tahi me tētahi hoa whakangungu ka taea te whakanui ake i te wairua haumaru o te whaea. Ka taea e te hoa te āwhina mā te:
– He whakamahara i te manawa manawa, ā, he tohutohu māmā hoki
– Mirimiri mārietia te tuara o raro, ngā pakihiwi rānei
– Te whakarato inu, te pupuri i te marino, me te noho hei "piriti whakawhitiwhiti kōrero" ki ngā kaimahi hauora.
– Te tautoko i te whaea, te whakamarie i a ia anō, me te whakarite kia tutukihia ngā hiahia o te whaea.
He mea nui te whakangungu hoa mahi kia kaua te tautoko e noho mangere, engari kia tūturu, kia pumau hoki.
7. Ngā tikanga pā, mirimiri, me te pēhanga
Ka taea e te pā whakaora te whakaiti i te ahotea me te āwhina i te neke atu i te arotahi mai i te mamae. Ko ngā tikanga e akohia ana ko:
– Effleurage: he mirimiri mārie i te puku, i ngā huha rānei, e whai ana i te manawa o te manawa.
– Pēhanga ātete: pēhanga ki te tuara o raro (he mea noa i te mamae o te tuara nā te tūnga o te pēpi)
– Mirimiri pakihiwi me te kaki: ka whakaiti i te taumahatanga o te tinana o runga
– He kōpeke mahana, he kōpeke makariri rānei: kia rite ki te urupare a te tinana o te whaea
He tikanga takitahi tēnei; mā te whakangungu ka āwhina i ngā whaea ki te whiriwhiri ko tēhea te mea tino pai mō rātou.
Te wā me te tikanga whakatinanatanga o te whakangungu
Ko te whakangungu ārai mate hinengaro ka tīmata i te rua, i te tīmatanga rānei o te toru o ngā marama o te hapūtanga, kia nui ai te wā e taea ai e ngā whaea te whakaharatau. Ka taea te whakahaere i te kaupapa i roto i ngā akomanga i mua i te whānautanga e ngā kaiwhakawhanau/nēhi, ngā kaiako whakarite whānau, ētahi atu tohunga hauora rānei. Ko ngā wā ako he ariā poto, he whakaaturanga, he mahi ā-ringa, me ngā whakatauira whakawhāititanga mā te whakamahi i tētahi taima hei āwhina i ngā whaea kia mōhio ki te manawataki.
Ko te kī ki te angitu o te ārai hinengaro ko te mahi auau. Ko ngā tikanga manawa me te whakangā e mārama noa ana i te ariā he uaua ki te whakatinana i te wā e kaha ana te mamae o te uma, nō reira he mea nui te mahi auau ki te kāinga.
Ngā painga me ngā herenga
I te nuinga o te wā, ka taea e te ārai hinengaro te āwhina i ngā whaea kia rite ake, kia marino ake, kia pai ake hoki te whakahaere i te mamae. He maha ngā whaea e kī ana he pai ake te wheako whānau nā te mea kei a rātou te mana whakahaere, ā, he rautaki ā rātou mō te whakatau i ngā mamae. Heoi, he mea nui kia mārama he ahurei ia whānautanga. Kāore te ārai hinengaro e kī taurangi he whānautanga kore mamae, kāore rānei he wawaotanga hauora. Ko ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te whakaoho, te whānau roa, ētahi raruraru rānei me whakahaere tonu i te hauora.
Te Katinga
He huarahi whānui ngā tikanga whakangungu ārai hinengaro i te whānautanga e whakakotahi ana i te mātauranga, te manawa, te whakangā, te tirohanga, te tūnga, te tautoko hoa, me ngā tikanga pā. Mā te whakarite i te tinana me te hinengaro, ka āwhina te ārai hinengaro i ngā whaea ki te wawahi i te huringa mataku-māuiui-mamae, me te whakatata atu ki te whānautanga me te māia nui ake. Hei whakamutunga, ko te whāinga matua ko te waihanga i tētahi wheako whānau haumaru, whakamarie, me te whai tikanga—mō te whaea, te pēpi, me te whānau.
