Te Whakatinana i te Six Sigma mō te Whai Hua o te Tukanga Hanga
Pendahuluan
Kei te tere tipu te umanga hanga i tēnei ao hou, inā koa i ngā whenua whakawhanake kei reira te hanga he pou matua mō te ōhanga. Kei te kaha haere te whakataetae i waenga i ngā kamupene hanga, e hiahia ana kia whai hua me te whai hua i ia wāhanga o te tukanga hanga . I roto i tēnei horopaki, kei te piki haere te hiranga o te whakamahinga o te tikanga Six Sigma. Ko te Six Sigma he tikanga e whakamahia ana e te maha o ngā kamupene hei whakapai ake i te kounga me te whai huatanga o ngā tukanga hanga mā te whakaiti i ngā rerekētanga me ngā hapa. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga te whakamahinga o te Six Sigma kia tutuki ai te whai huatanga i roto i te tukanga hanga.
Ngā Ariā Taketake o te Six Sigma
Ko te Six Sigma he tikanga whakahaere i whakaurua mai e Motorola i ngā tau 1980, ā, i whakamahia e ngā kamupene maha, tae atu ki a General Electric. E arotahi ana tēnei tikanga ki te tautuhi me te whakakore i ngā take o ngā hapa me ngā rerekētanga o ngā tukanga pakihi mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu tatauranga me ngā tikanga whakahaere kounga.
E rima ngā wāhanga matua o te Six Sigma, e mōhiotia ana ko te kupu whakarāpopototanga DMAIC (Tautuhia, Inehia, Tātarihia, Whakapai ake, Whakahaere):
1. Tautuhi: Kei roto i tēnei wāhanga te tautuhi i te raruraru, te whakatakoto i ngā whāinga o te kaupapa, me te whakatau i te tīma ka whai wāhi ki te kaupapa.
2. Ine: Inehia, maherehia hoki ngā tukanga o nāianei, ā, kohia ngā raraunga tūāpapa hei pūtake mō te whakapai ake.
3. Tātarihia: Tātarihia ngā raraunga kua kohia hei tautuhi i ngā pūtake o ngā rerekētanga me ngā hapa.
4. Whakapai ake: Whakatinanahia ngā otinga hei whakakore i ngā pūtake o ngā raruraru kua tautuhia.
5. Mana Whakahaere: Te whakarite kia pumau tonu ngā whakapainga kua whakatinanahia, ā, kia mau tonu hoki ngā hua.
Ngā Wāhanga Whakatinanatanga Six Sigma i roto i te Tukanga Hanga
Tautuhia
I te wāhanga tautuhi, ko te arotahi matua ko te tautuhi i ngā wāhi e hiahia ana kia whakapaitia. Hei tauira, ki te hanga wāhanga motuka tētahi kamupene, tera pea ka kitea he nui rawa te reiti hapa o te hua. I tēnei taahiraa, ka tautuhia e te tīma ngā take motuhake, pērā i te nui o ngā reiti hapa, te roa rawa rānei o ngā wā arahi. Ka tīmata te kaupapa mā te tautuhi mārama i ana whāinga, te whānuitanga, me ngā whāinga.
Te ine
Ko te wāhanga ine ko te kohikohi i ngā raraunga e tika ana mō te tukanga o nāianei. Hei tauira, ka inehia e te tīma Six Sigma ngā reiti hapa i ia wāhanga o te whakaputanga, mai i ngā rauemi mata ki ngā hua kua oti. Kei roto pea i ēnei raraunga te maha o ngā hapa mō ia waeine, te wā huringa whakaputa, me ngā taumata makona o te kiritaki. He mea nui ngā taputapu e whakamahia ana i tēnei wāhanga, pērā i ngā tūtohi Pareto, ngā histogram, me ngā pepa ine kounga, hei whakatū i ngā paerewa mahi.
Te tātari
Kia oti te kohikohi i ngā raraunga, ko te mahi e whai ake nei ko te tātari. Koinei te wāhanga e tautuhia ai ngā pūtake o te raruraru. Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā taputapu pēnei i ngā tūtohi Ishikawa (ngā tūtohi wheua ika) me te FMEA (Te Tātari Aratau Rahunga me ngā Pānga) hei keri hohonu ake, hei mārama hoki ki ngā pūtake o te koretake, o ngā hapa rānei. He maha ngā wā ka uru atu ki tēnei tātari he rōpū mahi-maha hei whakarite kia whakaarohia ngā tirohanga me ngā taurangi katoa.
whakapai ake
I runga i te tātaritanga i mahia, ka taea te hoahoa me te whakatinana i ngā otinga whakapai ake i tēnei wāhanga. Hei tauira, ki te kitea ko ngā hapa i roto i te tukanga paninga i puta mai i te kounga iti o ngā rauemi mata, ka taea e te tīma te mahi tahi me ngā kaiwhakarato ki te whakapai ake i ngā paerewa kounga, ki te kimi rānei i ētahi atu kaiwhakarato. Ka taea hoki te whakatinana i te Whakahaere Tiaki Hua Katoa (TPM) me te huri i ngā tukanga mahi ā-ringa ki te aunoatanga. He mea nui te whakamātautau me te whakatauira i tēnei wāhanga kia tino whai hua ai ngā otinga kua whakatinanahia.
mana
Kia whakatinanahia ngā whakapainga, me aroturuki tonu kia mau tonu ai ngā otinga, kia kore ai hoki e heke te kounga o te tukanga. Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā taputapu pēnei i ngā tūtohi whakahaere me ngā pūnaha aroturuki mahi hangahanga hei aroturuki i ngā hua me te whakarite kia tutukihia, kia mau tonu hoki ngā tohu mahi matua (KPI). Ka uru atu hoki ki tēnei tukanga te whakangungu me te whakahou i ngā tikanga whakahaere paerewa (SOP) kia mōhio tonu ai te tīma katoa ki te tukanga hou.
Akoranga Take: Te Whakatinanatanga o te Six Sigma i roto i te Ahumahi Motuka
Ko tētahi rangahau take rongonui ko te whakatinanatanga o te Six Sigma i General Electric (GE). I roto i tana wehenga hanga wāhanga tāpoi hau, i angitu a GE ki te whakaiti i ngā wā huringa whakaputa mā te 40% me te whakaiti i ngā reiti hapa mā te 60% mā roto i ngā kaupapa Six Sigma. I konei, i whakatinanahia ngā tikanga DMAIC me te whānui, mai i te ine me te tātari i te tukunga wā o ngā rauemi mata ki te tātari i te kounga o te hua whakamutunga. Mā te whakatinana i ngā tīma mahi-maha, i taea e GE te tautuhi me te whakakore i ngā aukati matua me te arotau i te tukanga whakaputa whānui .
Ngā Painga o te Whakatinana i te Six Sigma i roto i te Hangahanga
He maha ngā painga nui o te whakamahinga o te Six Sigma i roto i ngā tukanga hangahanga:
1. Te Whakaiti i ngā Rerekētanga me ngā Hapa: Mā te tautuhi me te tātari i ngā pūtake o ngā raruraru, ka taea e ngā kamupene te whakaiti i ngā reiti rerekētanga me ngā hapa.
2. Whakapai ake i te Kounga: Ka whakatairangahia e Six Sigma ngā paerewa kounga teitei mā te whakatairanga i te kohikohi raraunga tika me te tātari hohonu.
3. Te Whai Hua o te Tukanga: Te arotau i ngā tukanga whakahaere mā te whakakore i ngā mahi kāore e whai uara tāpiri, me te arotahi ki te whai hua.
4. Te Penapena Utu: He pānga tika tō te whakaiti i ngā hapa me te whakapiki i te whai huatanga ki te whakaiti i ngā utu whakaputa.
5. Te Makona o te Kaihoko: Mā te whakaputanga kounga teitei me te tuku i te wā tika ka piki ake te makona me te pono o te kaihoko.
Ngā Wero Whakatinanatanga
Ahakoa he maha ngā painga o te Six Sigma, kāore e kore he wero mō tōna whakatinanatanga. Ko ētahi o ēnei ko:
1. Te Pūmau o te Whakahaere: He mea nui te tautoko katoa a te whakahaere matua kia angitu ai te whakatinanatanga.
2. Ahurea Whakahaere: He maha ngā wā me ngā mahi e hiahiatia ana hei whakarerekē i te ahurea me te whakaaro ki te arotahi ki te kounga me te whakapai tonu.
3. Whakangungu me te Whakawhanake: Me whakangao ki te whakangungu me te whanaketanga tīma, inā koa ki ngā pūkenga tatauranga me te tātari raraunga.
Whakamutunga
Mā te whakamahi i te tikanga Six Sigma ki ngā tukanga hanga ka puta he ara ki te whai hua me te kounga teitei ake, ka taea ai e ngā kamupene te noho whakataetae tonu i te ao o te ao whānui. Mā te whai i ngā kaupae DMAIC, ka taea e ngā kamupene te tautuhi, te tātari, me te whakapai ake i ā rātou tukanga pakihi. Ahakoa ētahi wero e pāngia ana e te tautoko me te whakapau kaha tika, he mea nui ngā painga roa o te whakaiti i ngā hapa, te whakapai ake i te kounga, me te penapena utu. Mō ngā kamupene hanga, he taputapu rautaki a Six Sigma hei whakatutuki i te whai huatanga o te tukanga.
