Te Tātaritanga Tohatoha Rauemi i roto i te Tukanga Hanga
Ko te tohatoha rauemi i roto i te tukanga hanga he raupapa mahi e whakarite ana kia nekehia ngā rauemi—mai i ngā rauemi mata me ngā wāhanga ki ngā taonga haurua-oti—mai i tētahi wāhi ki tētahi wāhi i roto i te rahinga tika, i te wā tika, me te āhua tika. Ahakoa e kiia ana he mahi tautoko, ko te kounga o te tohatoha rauemi te mea nui hei whakatau i te maeneene o te hanga, ngā utu whakahaere, ngā taumata taonga, me te tika o te tuku hua whakamutunga. Ina kore e whakahaerea tika te tohatoha ā-roto, ka pāngia ngā wheketere e ngā aukati, ngā wā arahi teitei, te kohi taonga i ētahi wāhi, tae noa ki te kati o te raina hanga nā te korenga o ngā rauemi. Nō reira, ko te tātari i te tohatoha rauemi he taahiraa nui ki te whakapai ake i te hua hanga me te whakataetae.
Te Ariā me te Whānuitanga o te Tohatoha Rauemi
I roto i te horopaki hangahanga, ko te tohatoha rauemi e kapi ana i te nekehanga o ngā rauemi mai i te whiwhinga ki te whare putunga, kātahi ki te wāhi whakaputa, i waenga i ngā teihana mahi, ā, i te mutunga ki te wāhi rokiroki taonga kua oti. Ka uru pea ki ēnei mahi te whakahaere rauemi, te takai ā-roto, te tapanga, te whakarite tuku ki te raina, me te tuhi me te aroturuki. Kei roto hoki i te whānuitanga te kōwhiringa o ngā tikanga kawe ā-roto pēnei i ngā forklift, ngā papa ā-ringa, ngā kaikawe, ngā AGV (Automated Guided Vehicles), te AS/RS rānei (Automated Storage and Retrieval Systems). Ko te tātari tohatoha rauemi ko te aromatawai mēnā he tino whai hua, he haumaru, he tika hoki te rere o ngā rauemi mō ngā hiahia whakaputa.
Te Kaupapa me ngā Painga o te Tātari
Ko te whāinga matua o te tātaritanga tohatoha rauemi ko te whakarite kia pai te rere o ngā rauemi me te iti o te para. Ko ētahi o ngā painga e arohia ana ko: te whakaiti i ngā wā arahi, te whakaiti i ngā utu whakahaere, te whakanui ake i te whakamahinga o ngā mahi me te kawe, te whakaiti i ngā reiti pakaru rauemi, me te whakanui ake i te wātea o ngā rauemi ipurangi. Hei tāpiri, ka tautokohia e te tohatoha whai hua ngā pūnaha whakaputa pēnei i te hanga kikokore me te wā tika (JIT) mā te whakatairanga i te iti ake o ngā taonga me te whakaiti i ngā whakaritenga wāhi rokiroki.
Ngā Take e Pā Ana ki te Tohatoha Rauemi
Me whai whakaaro te tātari ki ngā āhuatanga maha e hanga ana i ngā tauira tohatoha. Tuatahi, ngā āhuatanga rauemi: te rahi, te taumaha, te āhua, te ngoikore, me ngā whakaritenga rokiroki motuhake (hei tauira, ngā matū, ngā rauemi tairongo pāmahana rānei). Tuarua, te hoahoa tahora tipu: te tawhiti i waenga i ngā tukanga, te taunga whare putunga, te whānui o te ara kawe, me ngā taunga ārai. Tuatoru, ngā tauira tono whakaputa: te auau o ngā rauemi e hiahiatia ana, te momo hua, me te rahi o te puranga. Tuawhā, te wātea o ngā rauemi: te maha o ngā kaiwhakahaere, te kaha o te forklift/AGV, me ngā wā mahi. Tuarima, ngā pūnaha mōhiohio: mēnā kei te wātea te aroturuki taonga wā-tūturu, mēnā kei te whakauruhia te ERP, WMS, me te MES, me te tika o ngā raraunga tauwhitinga rauemi.
Te Rere Rauemi me te Tāutu Para
I roto i te hangahanga hiroki, he hononga tata te tohatoha rauemi ki te para (muda). Ko ngā para noa ko te nui rawa o te kawe, te nekehanga koretake, te nui rawa o ngā taonga, me te wā tatari nā te mea kua roa ngā rauemi. Hei tauira, ki te tawhiti rawa te whare putunga rauemi mata mai i te raina whakaputa, me haere tonu ngā forklift i ngā tawhiti roa—ka moumou taima, ka moumou kaha, ka piki ake te tūponotanga o ngā aituā. Ki te kore rānei te whakaritenga o ngā tuku rauemi ki te raina e hangai ki te mahere whakaputa, ka puta te kohikohinga o te mahi-i-te-tukanga (WIP) i tētahi teihana mahi, ā, ka puta te korenga i tētahi atu. Mā te tātari tohatoha ka kitea ēnei wāhi para mā roto i ngā raraunga me ngā tirohanga mara.
Ngā Tikanga Tātari e Whakamahia Ana
He maha ngā tikanga tātari ka taea te whakamahi, i runga i te uauatanga o te wheketere. Ko tētahi tikanga e whakamahia pinepinetia ana ko te mahere rerenga uara (VSM), e whakaatu ana i te rere o ngā rauemi me ngā mōhiohio mai i ngā kaiwhakarato ki ngā hua kua oti. Ka taea e te VSM te whakaatu i ngā wā tukatuka, ngā wā arahi, ngā wāhi rarangi taonga, me ngā auau tuku rauemi.
Ko tētahi atu tikanga ko te tātari tūtohi spaghetti hei mahere i ngā ara nekehanga rauemi, kaiwhakahaere rānei. Mena ka puta he whiri me te whakawhiti o ngā rārangi nekehanga, he tohu tēnei kāore i te whai hua te whakatakotoranga. Hei tāpiri, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā rangahau wā me te tauira mahi hei ine i te wā whakahaere, te wā tatari forklift, me te auau o te haerenga.
Ko ngā huarahi tauanga he maha ngā wā ka uru ki te ine i ngā KPI pēnei i: te utu whakahaere rauemi mō ia waeine, te tere whakakī taha-raina, te wā tuku rauemi toharite, te tika o ngā taonga, me te maha o ngā mutu raina nā te korenga o ngā rauemi. Mō ngā wheketere nui, ka taea e ngā whakatauira e whakamahi ana i te pūmanawa (hei tauira, te whakatauira huihuinga motuhake) te whakatauira i ngā horopaki e pā ana ki ngā huringa tahora, ngā huringa o te kaha kawe, ngā rerekētanga rānei o te tono.
Rautaki Whakapai ake i te Tohatoha Rauemi
Ko ngā hua o te tātaritanga ka hua ake he huinga o ngā whakapainga tukanga, tahora, me te pūnaha. Ko tētahi rautaki rongonui ko te whakatinanatanga o ngā hūpāmakete me te kanban hei whakahaere i te tuku rauemi ki te raina. Mā tēnei ariā, ka rongoatia ngā rauemi ki ngā taumata ārai whakahaere e tata ana ki te wāhi whakamahi, ā, ka mahia te whakakī anō i runga i ngā tohu kai. Ka whakaitihia e tēnei te mōrearea o te korenga o ngā rauemi, me te whakaiti anō hoki i te nui o ngā taonga.
Ko tētahi atu whakapainga ko te arotau i ngā rerenga miraka, arā, he ara tuku rauemi kua whakaritea, ā, he rite ki te pūnaha tuku "porowhita" mai i te whare putunga ki ngā wāhi maha e kai ana. Ka whakaitihia e ngā rerenga miraka ngā haerenga ohorere e uru ana ki ngā nekehanga forklift kāore i whakamaheretia. Hei tāpiri, ko te whakataurite i ngā takai ā-roto me ngā kawenga waeine (hei tauira, te whakamahi i ngā ipu, ngā papa, ngā putea rānei he rite te rahi) ka āwhina i te tere ake o ngā whakawhiti me te whakaiti i ngā kino.
Mō te tahora, mā te neke i ngā whare putunga, te tāpiri i ngā wāhi tūnga, te whakarite anō rānei i ngā huarahi kawe ka taea te whakaiti i te tawhiti haere me ngā taupatupatu waka. Mēnā ka taea, mā te whakamahi i ngā kaikawe, i ngā waka kawe rānei ka taea te whakau i te tuku rauemi me te whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki o te kaiwhakahaere. Heoi, me tātarihia te aunoatanga i runga i te ROI, te ngāwari, me ngā whakaritenga tiaki, nā te mea kāore i te pai i ngā wā katoa mō te whakaputa momo-rahi.
Te Tūranga o te Whakamamati me te Aroturuki Wā-tūturu
I roto i ngā mahi hanga hou, ka tere haere te tohatoha rauemi nā te mamati. Mā ngā paekōti me te RFID ka taea te aroturuki i ngā nekehanga rauemi i te wā tūturu, ka taea ai te whakamahere whakaputa tika ake. Mā te whakaurunga ERP me te Pūnaha Whakahaere Whare Putunga (WMS) ka āwhina i te whakarite kia tika te whiwhinga, te rokiroki, te kohikohi, me te whakakī anō. I te taumata whakaputa, ka taea e te Pūnaha Whakahaere Hanga (MES) te hono i ngā whakaritenga rauemi ki te āhua o te mahi i runga i te raina, ka taea ai te tohatoha matatau ake kaua ki te urupare urupare ki ngā take.
Hei tāpiritanga, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā tātaritanga raraunga hei matapae i ngā tauira whakamahinga rauemi, hei arotau i ngā huarahi ā-roto, hei kite i ngā āhuatanga rerekē pērā i te whakamahinga rauemi rerekē, te ngaronga rauemi rānei. I te mutunga, ka whakamanahia e tēnei hangarau ngā whakataunga e ahu mai ana i ngā raraunga, ehara i te mea ko te whakaaro noa iho.
Ngā Wero Whakatinanatanga
Ahakoa ngā painga e kitea ana, he maha ngā wero e pā ana ki te whakatinanatanga o te tohatoha rauemi pai ake. Ko te whakarerekētanga o ngā whakatakotoranga me ngā ture tuku he maha ngā wā e hiahiatia ana he haumi, he kati wā poto i ngā wāhi mahi, me te whakangungu kaiwhakahaere. Kei reira anō te ātete ki te whakarerekētanga nā ngā tikanga kua taunga ki roto. Ko tētahi atu wero ko te tika o ngā raraunga rarangi taonga. Ahakoa te matatau o tētahi pūnaha, kāore e whai hua mena kāore i te whakatikatikahia ngā tauwhitinga rauemi. Nō reira, ko ngā whakapainga angitu me tautoko i te whakahaere, te whai wāhi mai o ngā tīma mahi-maha (te whakaputa, te whakahaere, te kounga, te tiaki), me ngā paerewa mahi pumau.
Whakamutunga
Ko te tātari i te tohatoha rauemi i roto i ngā tukanga hanga he mea nui ki te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga me te pupuri i te pumau o te whakaputanga. Mā te mārama ki te rere o ngā rauemi, te ine i te mahi mā roto i ngā KPI e tika ana, me te whakamahi i ngā tikanga pēnei i te VSM, ngā hoahoa spaghetti, me te whakatauira, ka taea e ngā kamupene te tautuhi i ngā para huna me te hoahoa i ngā whakapainga e tika ana. Ko ngā rautaki pēnei i te kanban, ngā hūpāmakete, ngā rere miraka, te arotau tahora, te paerewa takai, me te aroturuki rauemi mamati ka pā nui ki ngā utu whakaputa, te kounga, me te tika. Hei whakamutunga, ko te tohatoha rauemi whai hua ehara i te neke taonga anake; ko te hanga i tētahi pūnaha e pupuri ana i te whakaputanga kia pai te haere me te rite ki te whakautu tere atu ki ngā hiahia o te mākete.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e au te whakarite i tēnei tuhinga ki ngā ahumahi motuhake (motuka, kai me te inu, rongoā, hikohiko) ka tāpirihia rānei he tauira ako take me ngā tātaitanga KPI māmā kia māmā ake ai te whakamahi.
