Ngā Tikanga Tatauranga i roto i te Tātari Kounga Whakaputa
Pendahuluan
I roto i te ao ahumahi me te ao hanga, ko te pupuri i te kounga o te hua he mea nui hei whakatau i te angitu whakataetae i roto i te mākete o ēnei rā. Ko tētahi o ngā huarahi tino whai hua ki te tātari me te whakapai ake i te kounga whakaputa ko ngā tikanga tatauranga. Ka tukuna e ngā tikanga tatauranga he taputapu me ngā tikanga e āhei ai ngā kamupene ki te tautuhi, ki te ine, me te whakaoti rapanga kounga i runga i te pūnaha me te ine. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga ngā momo tikanga tatauranga mō te tātari i te kounga whakaputa, te whakamārama me pēhea te whakamahi, me te take he mea nui i roto i te horopaki ahumahi o ēnei rā.
Te Hiranga o te Tātari Kounga Whakaputa
Ehara i te mea ko te kounga whakaputa anake te pānga ki te pai o te kaihoko engari ko te whai huatanga o te whakahaere a te kamupene. Ka taea e ngā hua kounga iti te hua mai i ngā hokinga mai o ngā hua, ngā kereme whakamana, me te moumou taima me ngā rauemi. Nō reira, ka whakamahia ngā tikanga tatauranga i ngā wāhanga rerekē o te whakaputanga hei whakarite kia mau tonu te kounga ki te taumata e hiahiatia ana. Mā te tātari tatauranga, ka taea e ngā kamupene te kite wawe i ngā hapa, te tātari i ngā au, me te mahi i ngā mahi whakatika hei ārai i ngā take kounga a meake nei.
Ngā Tikanga Tatauranga e Whakamahia Ana
1. Tūtohi Whakahaere
He taputapu tatauranga te tūtohi whakahaere e whakamahia ana hei aroturuki i ngā rerekētanga i roto i tētahi tukanga whakaputa . He maha ngā momo tūtohi whakahaere, pērā i ngā tūtohi pae-X, ngā tūtohi-R, me ngā tūtohi-P, ā, e whakamahia ana ia tūtohi hei aroturuki i ngā taurangi rerekē i roto i te whakaputa.
– Tūtohi Pae-X: Whakamahia hei aroturuki i te toharite o tētahi tauira raraunga.
– Tūtohi-R: Hei aroturuki i te whānuitanga o tētahi tauira raraunga.
– Tūtohi-P: Hei aroturuki i te ōwehenga o ngā waeine hapa i roto i tētahi tauira.
Mā te whakamahi i ngā tūtohi whakahaere, ka taea e ngā kamupene te whakatau mēnā kei roto te tukanga whakaputa i ngā rohe whakahaere e whakaaetia ana, mēnā rānei me wawaotia.
2. Histogram
He whakaaturanga whakairoiro te histogram o tētahi tohatoha raraunga e whakaatu ana i te auau, te maha rānei o ngā putanga mai o ngā uara motuhake. I roto i te horopaki whakaputa, ka whakamahia ngā histogram hei mārama ki te tohatoha o ngā raraunga whakaputa, hei tautuhi i ngā tauira, hei kite i ngā hapa, i ngā rerekētanga rerekē rānei.
3. Tātari Whakamuri
He tikanga tatauranga te tātari whakatauira e whakamahia ana hei mārama ki te whanaungatanga i waenga i ngā taurangi motuhake me ngā taurangi whakawhirinaki. I roto i te horopaki hangahanga, ka taea e te tātari whakatauira te āwhina i ngā kamupene ki te mārama ki te pānga o ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te pāmahana, te pēhanga, te wā tukatuka rānei ki te kounga o te hua whakamutunga.
4. Tātaritanga o te Rerekētanga (ANOVA)
He tikanga tatauranga te ANOVA e whakamahia ana hei whakatairite i ngā rerekētanga i waenga i ngā toharite o ētahi rōpū. I roto i te tātari kounga whakaputa, ka taea te whakamahi i te ANOVA hei whakatau mēnā he rerekētanga nui kei roto i te kounga i waenga i ngā puranga whakaputa rerekē, i waenga rānei i ngā tukanga whakaputa rerekē.
5. Te Tauira Tatauranga
Ko te tauira he tikanga mō te kohikohi raraunga mai i tētahi wāhanga o te taupori hei whakatau whakatau mō te taupori katoa. Ko ngā tikanga tauira pēnei i te tauira matapōkere ngāwari, te tauira paparanga, me te tauira pūnaha ka whakamahia hei kohikohi raraunga māngai, kātahi ka tātarihia hei aromatawai i te kounga whakaputa.
Te Whakamahinga o ngā Tikanga Tatauranga i roto i te Tātari Kounga Whakaputa
Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā tikanga tatauranga i roto i te whakaputanga mā roto i ngā kaupae me ngā wāhanga maha. Ko ngā kaupae e whai ake nei ko ngā mahi noa e whaihia ana i roto i te tukanga tātari kounga whakaputanga mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga tatauranga:
1. Te Kohikohi Raraunga
Ko te taahiraa tuatahi i roto i te tātari kounga whakaputa ko te kohikohi i ngā raraunga e tika ana. Ka taea te kohikohi raraunga mai i ngā momo puna, tae atu ki te tirotiro tirohanga, te whakamātautau ā-tinana, me ngā pūoko aunoa. Me kapi i ngā raraunga kua kohia ngā taurangi nui e pā ana ki te kounga whakaputa.
2. Tātari Whakaahuatanga
I muri i te kohikohinga raraunga, ko te mahi e whai ake nei ko te whakahaere tātari whakaahua. Kei roto i tēnei ko te whakamahi i ngā tatauranga whakaahua pēnei i te toharite, te tau waenga, me te paerewa rerekētanga hei whakaahua i ngā raraunga. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i ngā tūtohi me ngā tūtohi whakahaere i tēnei wāhanga hei whakaatu i ngā raraunga.
3. Tāutuhia ngā Take o te Rerekētanga
Mā te mārama ki te tohatoha raraunga me ngā tauira hou, ka taea e ngā kamupene te tautuhi i ngā pūtake o ngā rerekētanga whakaputa. Tērā pea ka uru atu ki tēnei he tātaritanga Pareto hei tautuhi i ngā āhuatanga tino whai mana, he tātaritanga take-me-pānga rānei (kauwhata wheua ika) hei mārama ki ngā whanaungatanga i waenga i ngā āhuatanga rerekē.
4. Te Whakamātautau Whakaaro
Ka whakamahia te whakamātautau whakapae hei whakatau mēnā he rerekētanga nui kei roto i te kounga whakaputa i runga i tētahi taurangi motuhake. Hei tauira, ka hiahia pea tētahi kamupene ki te whakatau mēnā he pānga nui ngā huringa o te tukanga whakaputa ki te kounga hua. I tēnei wā, ka taea te whakamahi i te ANOVA, i te whakamātautau-t rānei hei whakatairite i ngā rōpū raraunga.
5. Te Hanganga o te Tauira Matapae
I muri i te mārama ki ngā whanaungatanga i waenga i ngā taurangi rerekē, ka taea e ngā kamupene te whakawhanake i ngā tauira matapae mā te whakamahi i te tātari whakatauira. Ka taea e ēnei tauira te āwhina i te matapae i te kounga hua i runga i ngā taurangi whakauru me te tautuhi i ngā tikanga whakaputa tino pai.
6. Te Aroturuki Tonu me te Whakahaere Kounga
I muri i te whakatinanatanga o ngā tauira matapae me te whakamātautau whakapae, he mea nui kia aroturuki tonu i te kounga whakaputa. Ka whakamahia ngā tūtohi whakahaere hei aroturuki i te tukanga whakaputa me te tautuhi i ngā rerekētanga ka puta i roto i te wā. Ka taea te whakatinana i ngā wawaotanga e tika ana ina kitea he tohu kei waho o te mana whakahaere te tukanga.
Akoranga Take: Te Whakamahinga o ngā Tikanga Tatauranga i roto i te Ahumahi Hanga
Hei tauira tuturu, me titiro tātou ki te whakamahinga o ngā tikanga tatauranga i roto i te umanga hanga waka. Ka whakamahia e tētahi kamupene hanga waka ngā tūtohi whakahaere hei aroturuki i te kounga peita o āna waka. Mā te whakamahi i tētahi tūtohi pae-X, ka taea e rātou te aroturuki i te matotoru peita toharite puta noa i ngā tauira o ia rā.
I ngā marama tuatahi, i whakaatuhia e ngā tūtohi whakahaere kei raro i te mana whakahaere te tukanga, engari kātahi ka tīmata te puta o ngā rerekētanga nui. Mā te tātari raraunga me te ANOVA, i whakatauhia e te kamupene ko te pūtake o te rerekētanga i ahu mai i ngā rerekētanga o te pāmahana rūma peita i waenga i ngā huringa o te ata me te ahiahi.
Nā ēnei mōhiotanga, i taea e rātou te whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga pāmahana i roto i te rūma peita, me te whakahaere anō i te tukanga. Nā reira, i tino pai ake te kounga o te peita, ā, i heke iho ngā rerekētanga.
Whakamutunga
He mea nui te mahi a ngā tikanga tatauranga i roto i te tātari kounga whakaputa. Mā ēnei ka taea e ngā kamupene te tautuhi, te ine, me te whakaoti rapanga kounga i roto i te huarahi hanganga, e ahu mai ana i ngā raraunga . Mai i ngā tūtohi whakahaere ki te tātari whakatauira me te ANOVA, ka whakaratohia e ngā tikanga tatauranga ngā taputapu e tika ana hei pupuri i te kounga teitei me te whai huatanga o te whakaputa.
Mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga tatauranga ki te tātari kounga whakaputa, ka taea e ngā kamupene te whakapai ake i te pai o ngā kaihoko, te whakaiti i ngā utu whakahaere, me te pupuri i te painga whakataetae i te mākete. Nō reira, he taonga nui te mārama me te whakamahi i ngā tikanga tatauranga mō tētahi hinonga hanga e whakapau kaha ana ki te kounga.
