Ngā Tauira Tohatoha Taupori o te Ao
Kāore i te ōrite te tohatoha o te taupori o te ao. Mā te titiro ki tētahi mapi taupori o te ao ka kitea ngā wāhi taupori kikī—tae atu ki ngā pokapū o te ao me ngā mahi ōhanga—i te taha o ngā wāhi whānui, kāore i te nuinga o te nohoia. Ko tēnei tauira tohatoha ka hangaia e te huinga o ngā āhuatanga taiao, hītori, ōhanga, pāpori, tōrangapū, me te hangarau. He mea nui te mārama ki ngā tauira tohatoha taupori mō te whakamahere whanaketanga, te whakahaere rauemi, me te whakaiti i ngā take pēnei i te rawakore, te kore ōrite o te rohe, me te whakahekenga o te taiao.
He tirohanga whānui mō te tohatoha o te taupori o te ao
I te nuinga o te wā, kei te taha raki o te ao te taupori e noho ana, inā koa i ngā rohe mahana ki ngā rohe hauwhā iti e pai ake ana mō te ahuwhenua, te noho, me ngā mahi ōhanga. Ko Āhia te kāinga mō te nuinga o te taupori o te ao, inā koa i Āhia ki te Rawhiti, Āhia ki te Tonga, me Āhia ki te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti. He tino nui ngā taupori o ngā whenua pēnei i a Īnia, Haina, Initonīhia, Pakitāne, me Bangladesh nā te huinga o ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te hītori roa o te ao, ngā whenua ahuwhenua momona, me te whanaketanga ōhanga.
I tetahi atu taha, ko ngā rohe he tino āhuarangi, he uaua rānei ngā āhuatanga whenua, he iti noa iho te taupori. Ko te Koraha o Sahara i Āwherika, ko te Koraha o Arapi i te Middle East, ko te tuawhenua o Ahitereiria, ko ngā rohe porowhita pēnei i a Greenland, me ngā pae maunga teitei pēnei i a Himalayas me Andes, he tauira ēnei o ngā rohe kāore e pai ki ngā nohoanga nui nā te iti o te wai, te tino pāmahana, te uaua rānei o te whenua.
Ngā wāhi taupori kikī o te ao
He maha ngā "whitiki", arā, ngā pokapū o te mātotorutanga o te taupori e tino kitea ana.
Tuatahi, ko Āhia ki te Tonga me Āhia ki te Rawhiti ngā pokapū nui rawa atu. He nui te taupori o te Mania Indo-Gangetic i Īnia me Bangladesh nā te mea he momona te oneone, he wātea te wai mai i ngā awa nui, me ngā pūnaha ahuwhenua kua roa e whakamahia ana. I Āhia ki te Rawhiti, he nui hoki te taupori o ngā whenua mania o Haina ki te rawhiti — tae atu ki ngā rohe huri noa i te awa Yangtze me te awa Kōwhai — nā ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana i pai ai te whakaputa kai me te whanaketanga o ngā tāone nui me ngā ahumahi.
Tuarua, he nui te taupori o Āhia ki te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti, inā koa i te moutere o Java, te Mekong Delta i Vietnam, me ngā tāone nui pēnei i a Bangkok, Manila, me Singapore. I tēnei rohe, kua whai wāhi te hītori o ngā emepaea, te koroni, ngā pokapū hokohoko moana, me te ahumahi hou ki te kukū o te taupori.
Tuatoru, he rohe a Ūropi he nui, he ōrite hoki te taupori ki ērā atu whenua. Nā tōna whatunga tāone nui, whenua ahuwhenua whai hua, me te hītori o te ahumahi mai i te rautau 18, kua waiho a Ūropi ki te hauauru me te pokapū hei pokapū noho nui.
Tuawhā, he nui hoki te taupori o te rawhiti o Amerika ki te Raki (te rawhiti o te Hononga o Amerika me te tonga o Kanata), inā koa i te takutai moana o te Moana Ataratiki, te rohe o ngā roto nui, me ngā ara tāone nui pēnei i a Boston–New York–Washington. Nā te whanaketanga ōhanga, ngā hanganga, me te noho tāone mai i te Huringa Ahumahi i akiaki tēnei kukū.
Tuarima, i Āwherika, ka kitea te nui o te taupori i te awaawa o te awa o te Nile i Īhipa, i ētahi wāhanga o te takutai moana o Āwherika ki te Hauāuru (hei tauira, ko Nigeria), me ētahi wāhi o te papa whenua o Āwherika ki te Rawhiti . Heoi anō, i te nuinga o te wā, he rerekē te nui o te taupori o Āwherika nā te nui o ngā koraha, te iti o ngā hanganga, me ngā rerekētanga o ngā taumata whanaketanga i waenga i ngā rohe.
Ngā wāhi iti te taupori me ō rātou take
He maha ngā wā ka pāngia ngā wāhi iti te taupori e ngā arai taiao nui. He iti te wai me te pāmahana tino nui e pāngia ana e ngā koraha , ā, he uaua ki te whakatipu hua me te tautoko i ngā taupori nui. He maha ngā wero e pāngia ana e ngā rohe pōuri pērā i te pāmahana iti, ngā wā pōuri roa, me te urunga iti. He uaua ki ngā maunga teitei te hanga rori, te whakatū kāinga, me te whakatū ahuwhenua nui. Ahakoa he nui ngā rauemi koiora o ngā ngahere ua toropika, he maha ngā wā he iti ake te momona o te oneone mō te ahuwhenua tuturu, he tūponotanga ka pāngia e te mate, ā, he uaua ake te urunga ki te kawe waka.
Heoi, kāore te iti o te taupori e kī ana he koretake. Ko ētahi wāhi iti te taupori he mea nui mō te pūngao me te keri maina (hei tauira, ko Siberia me ōna rauemi taiao , ko Ahitereiria ki te hauauru me āna keri maina). Ka taea e ngā whanaketanga hangarau te whakanui ake i te ataahua o ēnei wāhi, ahakoa kāore e tino nui te taupori.
Ngā āhuatanga e awe ana i te tohatoha o te taupori
1. Ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana (āhua)
Ko te āhuarangi te mea matua. Ngā āhuarangi ngawari me ua He pai ake te pāmahana e ranea ana, e ngawari ana hoki mō te oranga, ā, he pai hoki mō te ahuwhenua. He mea nui anō hoki te wātea o te wai; he maha ngā tāone nui i tipu tata ki ngā awa, ki ngā roto, ki ngā takutai moana rānei. He mahi anō hoki tā ngā āhua whenua: he māmā ake te hanga whare ki runga i ngā whenua papaku i ngā maunga pari. Ko te oneone momona, inā koa ko te oneone awaawa i ngā awaawa me ngā awaawa, he mea kukume mō ngā kāinga ahuwhenua mai i te tīmatanga o te ao whānui.
2. Ngā āhuatanga ōhanga
Ka kukume mai ngā pokapū ōhanga i te hekenga mai o te tangata. Ka whanake ngā tāone nui hei aukume mō ngā mahi, te mātauranga, me te hauora. Ka whakakahangia te noho tāone e te ahumahi me te tipu o te rāngai ratonga, ka whakaemihia te taupori ki ngā tāone nui. Ka tere ake te tipu o ngā rohe tauranga me ngā huarahi hokohoko o te ao nā te whānui o te urunga atu ki te mākete.
3. Ngā āhuatanga hītori me ngā āhuatanga ahurea
I te nuinga o te wā i puta ake ngā iwi tōmua i te taha o ngā awa nui—pērā i te awa o te Nile, o Uparati-Tikirihi, o Indus, me Yangtze—nā rātou i whakarato te wai me te oneone momona. Nā tēnei taonga tuku iho i hanga ngā tauira taupori tae noa ki tēnei rā. Hei tāpiri, ka taea e ngā āhuatanga ahurea te awe i ngā manakohanga whare, ngā tauira whānau, me te tere o te noho tāone.
4. Ngā āhuatanga tōrangapū me ngā kaupapa here
Ka taea e ngā kaupapa here a te kāwanatanga te whakatenatena, te aukati rānei i te tipu o te taupori i ētahi rohe. Ka taea e ngā kaupapa hekenga tangata, te hanganga o ngā tāone matua hou, te whakatuwheratanga o ngā rohe ahumahi, me te whakawhanaketanga hanganga te whakarerekē i ngā tauira tohatoha. I tetahi atu taha, ka taea e te pakanga me te kore pumau o te tōrangapū te arahi ki te hekenga nui me te waatea o ngā rohe.
5. Te whanaketanga o te hangarau me te kawe waka
Nā ngā whanaketanga hangarau kua taea e te tangata te noho i ngā taiao i uaua ki te noho i mua. Whakamakuku, tango tote rangi moanaNā te hangarau whakamahana, me te hanga whare i whakatuwhera ngā huarahi mō te noho ki ngā koraha me ngā rohe makariri. Nā te kawe waka hou anō hoki i taea ai te haere ki tawhiti, ā, i tere ai te whanaketanga o ngā tāone nui me te whānui haere o ngā wāhi noho.
Ngā tauira noho tāone me ō rātou pānga ki te tohatoha
Kei te tere haere te noho tāone o te ao i tēnei wā. He maha ngā whenua whakawhanake e pāngia ana e te nekehanga o te taupori mai i ngā tāone tuawhenua ki ngā tāone nui nā te rerekētanga o ngā whai wāhitanga ōhanga. Nā tēnei kua puta ake ngā tāone nui kua kikī te taupori, he maha ngā wā ka haere tahi me ngā wero pēnei i ngā wāhi paru, te pūngao o ngā waka, te parahanga, me te pēhanga ki te wai me te akuaku.
I tētahi atu taha, ka puta ake hoki i te noho tāone te tipu o ngā rohe taha-tāone (ngā rohe taha) e hono ana i ngā kāinga me ngā tāone nui. Mā tēnei tauira ka puta he "wāhi tāone nui e horapa ana" e mimiti ana i te whenua ahuwhenua me te whakarerekē i te whakamahinga whenua. I ētahi whenua whakawhanake, kei te puta te tauira rerekē, arā, te noho tāone iti me te whakaiti i te noho tāone nui, i te mea ka whiriwhiri ngā kainoho ki te noho i waho o te pokapū o te tāone nui nā te nui o ngā utu noho, i te rapu rānei i tētahi oranga pai ake.
Whakamutunga
Ko ngā tauira tohatoha taupori o te ao he hua o te taunekeneke uaua i waenga i ngā āhuatanga taiao me ngā whanaketanga tangata. Ko ngā wāhi momona me ngā āhuarangi pai, te urunga atu ki te wai me ngā huarahi kawe waka, me ngā whai wāhitanga ōhanga ka noho hei pokapū taupori. I taua wā, ko ngā wāhi he tino āhuarangi, he iti ngā rauemi wai, he uaua rānei te whenua, he maha ngā wā he iti noa te taupori. I tēnei wā hou , ko te noho tāone, ngā whanaketanga hangarau, me ngā kaupapa here a te kāwanatanga ka piki haere te awe o te kukū o te taupori. Mā te mārama ki te tohatoha taupori ka āwhina i ngā hapori me ngā whenua ki te hoahoa i te whanaketanga e tika ake ana, e pumau ake ana, e aro atu ana ki ngā huringa o te ao pēnei i te tipu o te tāone, te hekenga mai, me te huringa āhuarangi.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e au te tāpiri i tētahi mahere ariā (anga) o te tuhinga, ngā tauira take mō ia whenua, he whakarāpopototanga matā rānei mō ngā rauemi whakaaturanga.
