Ngā Akoranga Marae Ā-Iwi: Ngā Tikanga me ngā Huarahi
Ko te mātauranga tangata te ako i te tangata, te ahurea, me ngā taunekeneke pāpori i roto i ngā horopaki hītori me ngā horopaki whenua. Ko tētahi o ngā tikanga matua o tēnei kaupapa ko te mahi mara, he huarahi empirika ana ki te kohikohi raraunga tika mai i te taiao tūturu, i te taiao pāpori rānei e akohia ana. Mā te mahi mara ka taea e ngā tohunga mātauranga tangata te whiwhi māramatanga taipitopito mō tētahi hapori, hapori rānei mā te tirotiro tika me te whai wāhi atu ki ō rātou oranga o ia rā. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga ngā tikanga me ngā huarahi rerekē e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā mahi mara mātauranga tangata.
Ngā Huarahi Taketake i roto i ngā Akoranga Marae Ā-Iwi
Te Tirotiro a te Kaiuru
Ko te mātakitaki whai wāhi tētahi tikanga matua i roto i ngā mahi rangahau ā-iwi. Kei roto i tēnei tikanga te whai wāhi kaha o ngā tohunga mātauranga ā-iwi ki ngā oranga o ia rā o ngā hapori e akohia ana. Mā tēnei ka taea e rātou te mātakitaki me te wheako i ngā āhuatanga ahurea me ngā āhuatanga pāpori. Mā te whai wāhi tika, ka taea e ngā tohunga mātauranga ā-iwi te kohikohi raraunga whai kiko ake, whai kiko ake hoki i ētahi atu tikanga.
Ngā Tuhipoka ā-Whare
I te wā e tirotirohia ana ngā tāngata, me tuhi tonu ngā tohunga tātai tangata i ngā tuhipoka o te mara. Kei roto i ēnei tuhipoka ngā kitenga katoa, ngā kōrero, me ngā wheako e tika ana. He maha hoki ngā wā ka tuhia ngā whakaaroaro me ngā whakamārama tuatahi, ka taea te whakamahi mō ētahi atu tātaritanga. Ko ngā tuhipoka o te mara he tuhinga nui hei pūtake mō ngā pūrongo rangahau.
Ngā Tikanga Kohikohi Raraunga i roto i ngā Akoranga Marae
Ngā Uiuitanga
He tikanga kohikohi raraunga ngā uiui e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā rangahau mara. Ka taea te whakahaere uiui i roto i te tikanga ōkawa, i te tikanga kore ōkawa rānei, i te tikanga hanganga, i te tikanga kore hanganga rānei. Mā ngā uiui hohonu ka taea e ngā tohunga tātai tangata te whiwhi mōhiohio hohonu ake mō ngā tirohanga, ngā wheako me ngā uara o ngā tāngata takitahi i roto i te hapori. I tētahi atu taha, mā ngā uiui kore hanganga ka nui ake te mana o ngā kaiuru ki te kōrero whānui mō ngā kaupapa e whakaarohia ana e rātou he mea nui.
Ngā Rangahau Pātai
Ahakoa he iti ake te kitea i roto i te mātauranga tangata i ērā atu kaupapa pūtaiao pāpori, ka whakamahia ngā rangahau pātai hei tāpiri i ngā raraunga mai i ngā uiuinga me ngā mātakitakitanga whai wāhi. Ka taea e ngā pātai te āwhina i te kohikohi raraunga tauanga mō ngā āhuatanga pāpori me ngā āhuatanga taupori o te taupori e rangahauhia ana.
Ngā Whakapapa me te Mahere Hapori
He tikanga whai hua te hanga whakapapa me ngā mapi pāpori hei mārama ki ngā hanganga pāpori me ngā whanaungatanga whanaungatanga i roto i te hapori . Ka tuhia e ngā whakapapa ngā whanaungatanga whanaungatanga me ngā takenga whānau, ko ngā mapi pāpori ia ka whakaatu i ngā whanaungatanga pāpori i roto i te hapori. Ka āwhina ngā tikanga e rua i ngā tohunga tātai tangata ki te mārama ki ngā whanaketanga pāpori me ngā hanganga mana.
Ngā tuhinga ā-tirohanga
He taputapu whai hua te ataata, te whakaahua, me te hopu oro i roto i ngā mahi rangahau ā-iwi. Ehara i te mea ka āwhina noa te tuhinga tirohanga ki te hopu i ngā āhuatanga tirohanga o te oranga pāpori me te ahurea, engari he taunakitanga ā-wheako hoki mō ngā tātaritanga atu. I ētahi wā, ka whakamahia hoki ngā tikanga tirohanga hei tūhura i ngā tirohanga a te hapori mā roto i ngā whakaahua, i ngā ataata rānei i tangohia e ngā mema o te hapori.
Ngā Tikanga Tātari Raraunga i roto i te Anthropology
Tātari Ihirangi
Ko te tātari ihirangi he tikanga tātari raraunga e uru ana ki te waehere me te whakamārama i ngā tuhinga , ngā tuhinga pāpāho rānei. I roto i te mātauranga tangata, ka whakamahia te tātari ihirangi ki ngā tuhipoka mara, ngā tuhinga uiui, me ētahi atu rauemi tuhinga. Mā te waehere raraunga, ka taea e ngā tohunga mātauranga tangata te tautuhi i ngā kaupapa me ngā tauira e puta mai ana i ngā raraunga kua kohia.
Tātari Kaupapa
Ko te tātari kaupapa he tautuhi me te whakarite i ngā kaupapa e puta mai ana i ngā raraunga kounga. Mā tēnei tikanga ka taea e ngā tohunga tātai tangata te tūhura i ngā take matua me te whiwhi māramatanga ki te whakamārama a ngā kaiuru i ngā āhuatanga rerekē o ō rātou oranga pāpori me te ahurea.
Tātaritanga Kōrero
Ko te tātari kōrero he tikanga e whakamahia ana hei mārama ki te hanga me te kōrero a ngā tāngata takitahi i roto i te hapori i ā rātou kōrero. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia tēnei tikanga ki ngā uiuinga me ngā hītori o te ao. Mā te tātari kōrero, ka taea e ngā tohunga tātai tangata te mārama ki te hanganga me te whakapuakitanga o ngā tuakiri, ngā wheako, me ngā tirohanga mā roto i ngā kōrero.
Ngā Wero me ngā Tikanga Matatika i roto i ngā Akoranga Marae Ā-Iwi
Ngā Wero Whaiaro me ngā Wero Whaiaro
He maha ngā wā e hiahiatia ana he kaha tinana, he kaha hinengaro hoki ki te whakahaere i ngā mahi rangahau ā-iwi. Me kaha ngā tohunga mātauranga ā-iwi ki te wikitoria i ngā wero ā-pūnaha pēnei i ngā arai reo, ngā whenua uaua, me ngā rerekētanga ahurea. Me hanga hononga hoki rātou ki ngā mema o ngā hapori e rangahauhia ana, ā, ka roa pea te wā me te manawanui.
Ngā Whakaaro Matatika
He wāhanga nui ngā tikanga matatika o te mahi rangahau ā-iwi. Me whakarite e ngā tohunga mātauranga ā-iwi kia kore ā rātou rangahau e whara, e whara rānei i ngā kaiuru. Kei roto i tēnei ko te whiwhi whakaaetanga whai whakaaro mai i ngā kaiuru, te tiaki i te tūmataitinga me te huna o ngā mōhiohio, me te whakaute i ngā tikanga me ngā uara ā-rohe. Ko te kawenga hoki a ngā tohunga mātauranga ā-iwi ki te whakarato pūrongo tika me te tika mō ā rātou kitenga rangahau ki ngā hapori e akohia ana e rātou.
Te Whakaaroaro-ā-Whaiaro (Te Whakaaroaro)
He mahi tino nui te whakaaroaro i a koe anō i roto i ngā mahi rangahau ā-iwi. Me whai whakaaro tonu ngā tohunga mātauranga ā-iwi ki te awe o ō rātou ake tūranga—tae atu ki ō rātou tuakiri, uara, me ngā whakapae—i ngā taunekeneke me ngā kaiuru me ngā whakamārama o ngā raraunga. Mā te whakaaroaro i a koe anō ka āwhina i te whakaiti i te whakaaro pākiki, ā, ka puta he tātaritanga whai kiko, mārama hoki.
Whakamutunga
Ko te mahi mara te kaupapa matua o te rangahau tangata, e āhei ai ngā tohunga tangata ki te whiwhi māramatanga hōhonu ki ngā āhuatanga maha o te oranga tangata. Mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga pēnei i te mātakitaki whai wāhi, ngā uiuinga, me ngā tuhinga tirohanga ka taea te kohikohi i ngā raraunga whai kiko, horopaki hoki. Mā te tātari ihirangi, te tātari kaupapa, me te tātari kōrero ka whakaratohia he huarahi maha ki te whakamārama raraunga. Ahakoa ngā wero ā-pūnaha me ngā tikanga matatika, ka taea e te mahi mara e whakahaerehia ana me te āta whakahaeretia me te kawenga te whai wāhi nui ki tō tātou māramatanga ki ngā uauatanga o ngā ahurea me ngā hapori huri noa i te ao.
