Te Anthropology Hauora me ngā Huarahi Hauora Whānui
He maha ngā wā ka mārama te hauora he mea koiora anake: ka pāngia te tinana e te mate, ka rapua te take, kātahi ka tohua he rongoā. Heoi, i roto i te ao tūturu o ia rā, kāore te wheako o te hauora me te mate e wehea. Ka pāngia e te whakamārama a te tangata i ngā tohu, i ngā tikanga kai, i ngā whanaungatanga whānau, i ngā āhuatanga ōhanga, i ngā pēhanga mahi, i te urunga atu ki ngā ratonga, i ngā whakapono whakapono, tae atu ki ngā tikanga ahurea e pā ana ki te tinana me te mate. Koinei te wāhi e tino hira ai te mātauranga tangata hauora—he mara e āwhina ana i a tātou ki te kite i te hauora hei āhuatanga e whai pānga ana ki te koiora, te pāpori, te ahurea, me te tōrangapū i te wā kotahi. Mā tēnei tirohanga, ehara i te mea he pepeha noa te huarahi whānui ki te hauora, engari he mea nui kia mārama ai ki te tangata katoa.
He aha te mātauranga tangata hauora?
Ko te mātauranga tangata hauora he peka o te mātauranga tangata e ako ana i te tirohanga a ngā hapori ki te hauora, te mate, te whakaora, me ngā pūnaha tiaki hauora. E kapi ana i tēnei rangahau te whakamāramatanga a te hapori i te "mate," te tautuhi me te whakarōpūtanga o te mate, ko wai e kiia ana he mana ki te whakaora, me te hononga o ngā mahi whakaora ki ngā hanganga me te mana pāpori.
E wehewehe ana hoki te ao tūroa hauora i ētahi kupu nui. Ko te mate te tikanga e pā ana ki tētahi mate koiora e taea te ine i roto i te haumanu. Ko te mate te tikanga o te wheako whaiaro o te tangata mō te kore e pai te āhua, tae atu ki te wehi, te whakama, me te pānga pāpori. Ko te mate, i tētahi atu taha, e māramahia ana he mana pāpori ina kitea te tangata he "mate" e tōna taiao, tae atu ki ngā hua o ngā tūranga pāpori—hei tauira, te whakaaetia kia ngaro i te mahi, te tapaina rānei he ngoikore.
Mā te wehewehe i ēnei paparanga e toru, ka whakanuia e te mātauranga tangata hauora kāore e ranea te tātaritanga hauora anake hei whakamārama i te mooni. Ka rerekē te mamae o te hunga tokorua he ōrite te tātaritanga i runga i te tautoko a te whānau, ngā āhuatanga ōhanga, te whakama rānei i roto i ō rātou hapori.
He aha te take e hiahiatia ai he huarahi whānui?
Ko te huarahi whānui e titiro ana ki te hauora hei hua o te taunekeneke o ngā āhuatanga maha: te tinana, te hinengaro, te pāpori, te ahurea, te wairua, me te taiao. I roto i te nuinga o ngā wā, ka kore e angitu ngā wawaotanga hauora tino hangarau mena ka warewarehia ēnei āhuatanga. Hei tauira, ka hoatu pea he rongoā whai hua ki te tūroro he toto toto tiketike, engari ko te ahotea o te ao, te kai a te whānau, ngā hāora mahi roa, me te urunga atu ki ngā kai hauora utu nui ka arahi pea ki te whakahaere ngoikore o te toto toto.
Ehara i te mea ko te huarahi whānui te tikanga o te whakakore i te rongoā koiora. Engari, e akiaki ana i a tātou ki te tautoko i te rongoā koiora me te mārama ki te horopaki o te oranga o te tūroro. I roto i te mahi, ko te tikanga me whai whakaaro ngā tohunga hauora ki te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, ki ngā whanaungatanga tūroro-whānau, ki ngā āhuatanga mahi, ki ngā tikanga kai, me ngā whakapono e pā ana ki ngā whakataunga maimoatanga.
He pānga tō te ahurea ki te whakamāramatanga o te hauora me te mate
He tikanga anō tā ia ahurea ki te whakamārama i ngā take o te mate. Ko ētahi e whakanui ana i te kore taurite o te wera me te makariri, ko ētahi e hono ana i te mate ki ngā raruraru wairua, ā, ko ētahi e whakamārama ana he hua o te ahotea pāpori, o te pakanga whānau rānei. Ehara ēnei whakamārama i te "whakapono" noa iho, engari he anga e āwhina ana i te tangata ki te whakatau: āhea te wā e kite ai i te tākuta, āhea te wā e okioki ai, āhea te wā e rapu ai i te rongoā tuku iho, āhea rānei te wā e rapu ai i te āwhina a ngā tino whakapono.
Hei tauira, i roto i ētahi hapori, ko ngā amuamu pēnei i te "masuk angin" (mātao) e māramahia ana he āhuatanga tūturu e tika ana kia rongoātia mā te kapu, te mirimiri, te inu mahana rānei. Mai i te tirohanga a te tangata hauora, ko te mea nui ehara i te tautohetohe i ngā kupu, engari kia mārama he aha i whakaponohia ai ēnei mahi, me pēhea te pānga ki ngā whanonga rapu hauora, me pēhea hoki te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero a ngā tohunga hauora me te kore e whakaiti i te wheako o te tūroro.
Ngā pūnaha hauora maha: tuku iho, hou, me te huarahi kē
I roto i ngā whenua maha, tae atu ki Initonīhia, e noho ana te hapori i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā rongoā: ka noho tahi te rongoā koiora (ngā tākuta, ngā hōhipera) me te rongoā tuku iho (te rongoā otaota, te mirimiri, ngā kaiwhakawhanau tuku iho), me ngā mahi rerekē-tāpiri (te wero ngira, te kapu, te whakaaroaro). He maha ngā tāngata e whakakotahi ana i ēnei mahi i runga i te whai hua: mō te kirika ngawari, ka whakamātau rātou i ngā rongoā ka taea te hoko kore utu, mō ngā mate mau tonu, ka rapu rongoā tuku iho, kātahi ka kite i te tākuta mēnā ka kino haere ngā tohu.
Mā te mātauranga tangata hauora ka whakamārama he mea whai take ēnei kōwhiringa i roto i ētahi horopaki ōhanga-pāpori. Tērā pea he tawhiti te urunga atu ki ngā whare hauora, he nui ngā utu, he iti ngā hāora ratonga, he iti rānei ngā wheako o mua ki ngā whare hauora. I taua wā, he māmā ake te uru atu ki ngā kaiwhakaora tuku iho, he roa ake ā rātou kōrero, ā, he reo mōhio hoki tā rātou e whakamahi ana. Ka pāngia te piripono me te angitu o te rongoā e ēnei taunekeneke.
Ngā take pāpori e pā ana ki te hauora: te rawakore, te mahi, me te kore taurite
Ehara i te mea ko te hauora he mea whiriwhiri takitahi anake, engari he nui te awe o ngā āhuatanga hanganga. Ko te aro o te mātauranga tangata hauora ki ngā āhuatanga pāpori e whakatau ana i te hauora: te mātauranga, te moni whiwhi, te whare noho, te kounga o te taiao, te haumarutanga mahi, tae atu ki ngā kaupapa here a te iwi.
Hei tauira, kāore pea ngā mate manawa e piki ake nā te kore o te mōhio o te tangata takitahi, engari nā te parahanga o te hau, ngā whare kīkī, me te mahi morearea me te kore he tiaki tika. Waihoki, ehara i te mea nā te "kore aro o ngā mātua" te mate kai, engari nā ngā utu kai, te tohatoha kore taurite o ngā āwhina, te iti rānei o te urunga ki te wai ma. Me aro ki ngā pūtake o ēnei raruraru mā te huarahi whānui kia kore ai e whakapaetia te patunga.
Te whakama me te wheako o te manawanui
He maha ngā mate e mau ana i te whakama: te HIV/AIDS, te mate hinengaro, te mate kohi, te repera, tae noa ki te kore tamariki. Ka taea e te whakama te aukati i te tangata ki te rapu awhina, te huna i ō rātou mate e ngā tūroro, te whakamutu rānei i te maimoatanga. Ka tirotirohia e te mātauranga tangata hauora te āhua o te whakama mā roto i ngā kōrero matatika—hei tauira, ka kitea te mate hei hua o te whanonga "kino"—me te āhua o te mahi a taua whakama i roto i ngā whānau, i ngā wāhi mahi, me ngā whare hauora.
Me whai rautaki hei whakaiti i te whakama mō te huarahi whānui: te mātauranga kore whakahāwea, te noho muna, te tautoko a ngā hoa, me te whai wāhi mai o ngā kaiārahi hapori. Ina arohia ngā āhuatanga hinengaro-pāpori, ka piki ake te angitu o te rongoā hauora.
Te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero haumanu me te aro ki ngā ahurea
Ehara i te mea he whakawhitiwhiti kōrero noa iho te whanaungatanga tākuta-tūroro. He tūtakitanga o ngā ao e rua: te ao koiora me ōna reo hangarau me ōna tikanga, me te ao tūroro me ōna wheako whaiaro, ōna tumanakohanga, me ōna whakamārama. E whakanui ana te mātauranga tangata hauora i te hiranga o te pūkenga ahurea, ā, e whakawhanake ana hoki i tētahi tirohanga mō te ngākau mahaki ahurea, arā, te hiahia o ngā tohunga hauora ki te ako tonu, ki te whakaae ki ngā herenga, me te whakatairanga i te kōrero ōrite.
I roto i te mahi, ko te tikanga pea tēnei me pātai: "Ki tō whakaaro he aha te take o tēnei amuamu?" "He aha rānei te mea e tino āwangawanga ana koe?" Mā ēnei pātai ngāwari ka āwhina i te kaiwhakarato hauora ki te mārama ki te tauira whakamārama a te tūroro, ka nui ake te pono me te manakohia o te mahere maimoatanga.
Hauora hei taurite: tinana, hinengaro, whanaungatanga me te taiao
He huarahi whānui te huarahi e hangai ana ki ngā tirohanga ā-rohe maha e titiro ana ki te hauora hei taurite. Kei roto i tēnei taurite ngā tauira moe, te kai totika, ngā kare ā-roto, ngā whanaungatanga pāpori, me te hononga tangata ki te taiao. I roto i te horopaki hou, ko te tikanga o te taurite ko te whakahaere i te ahotea mahi, te pupuri i ngā whatunga tautoko, me te waihanga i tētahi taiao noho hauora.
Nō reira, kāore i te rawaka ngā wawaotanga hauora e aro ana ki te rongoā anake. Ko ngā kaupapa hauora tūmatanui whai hua e whakakotahi ana i te mātauranga, ngā huringa taiao, te tautoko hapori, me ngā kaupapa here. Hei tauira, ko te ārai i te mate huka ehara i te mea ko te "whakaiti huka" anake, engari ko te whakarato wāhi haumaru mō te korikori tinana, te urunga atu ki ngā kai hauora utu iti, me te whakahaere i te pānuitanga o ngā kai huka nui ki ngā tamariki.
Ngā takoha o te mātauranga tangata hauora ki ngā kaupapa here me ngā ratonga hauora
Mā te rangahau ahurea—ngā tirohanga me ngā uiuinga hōhonu—ka whai wāhi te mātauranga tangata hauora ki te mārama ki te oranga o ngā tūroro me ngā hapori. Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā hua hei hoahoa i ngā ratonga urupare ake: ngā hāora ratonga ngāwari ake, ngā huarahi whakawhitiwhiti kōrero aroha ake, ngā kaupapa hauora ā-hapori, te whakauru rānei i ngā mahi haumaru ā-rohe ki roto i ngā ratonga ōkawa.
Hei tāpiritanga, ka āwhina te mātauranga mātauranga hauora ki te aromatawai i ngā kaupapa here hauora: mēnā e tutuki ana ngā kaupapa i ngā hiahia o te rohe, ko wai ka whai hua, ko wai ka mahue, me pēhea te awe o ngā whanaungatanga mana ki te tohatoha o ngā ratonga. Nō reira, ka horapa te huarahi whānui ki tua atu i te takitahi ki te taumata pūnaha.
Te Katinga
E whakamahara ana te mātauranga tangata hauora ki a tātou he wheako uaua te hauora o te tangata. He mea nui te tinana, engari kei roto tonu i te ahurea, i ngā whanaungatanga pāpori, i ngā ōhanga, me ngā kaupapa here. Nō reira, ehara i te mea he tāpiri noa te huarahi whānui ki te rongoā engari he whakawhānui ake i te huarahi e mārama ai tātou me te rongoā i te mate.
Ina tirohia te hauora e ngā tohunga hauora, ngā kaihanga kaupapa here, me te marea i roto i te tirohanga whānui—me te whakauru i ngā horopaki koiora me ngā horopaki ahurea pāpori—ka nui ake te tūponotanga ka tukuna e tātou ngā ratonga atawhai tangata, whai hua, me te tika. Hei whakamutunga, ehara i te mea ko te kore mate anake te kaupapa o te hauora, engari ko te kaha ki te noho i te oranga whai tikanga i roto i te taiao tautoko.
