Te Anthropology Pakihi me te Anthropography Ahumahi
Kua tino whanake te mātauranga tangata hei kaupapa mō ngā mahi tangata i ngā tekau tau kua pahure ake nei. Ko tētahi peka e piki haere ana te aro ko te mātauranga tangata pakihi. Ka tūhuratia e tēnei tuhinga he aha te mātauranga tangata pakihi me te mātauranga tangata ahumahi, he aha rāua i hira ai, me pēhea te whakamahi i a rāua i roto i ngā horopaki pakihi rerekē.
He aha te Anthropology Pakihi?
Ko te mātauranga tangata pakihi he peka o te mātauranga tangata e ako ana i ngā mahi pakihi me te ahurea mahi i roto i te horopaki ahurea pāpori. I te nuinga o te wā, ka whakamahia e te mātauranga tangata pakihi ngā tikanga me ngā ariā mātauranga tangata hei tātari me te mārama ki ngā āhuatanga e puta ana i roto i te taiao pakihi. Hei tauira, ka tirotirohia pea e te tohunga mātauranga tangata pakihi te awe o ētahi uara, tikanga, me ngā whakapono ki ngā whanonga a te kaihoko, a te kaimahi rānei i roto i tētahi kamupene.
Mā te mātauranga tangata pakihi ka kitea ngā āhuatanga e warewarehia ana i roto i ngā tātaritanga tuku iho, pērā i ngā kawa, ngā tohu, me ngā tikanga tuku iho i roto i tētahi whakahaere. Mā te māramatanga hohonu ake ki te ahurea umanga me ngā whanonga hapori, ka taea e ngā pakihi te whakawhanake i ngā rautaki whai hua ake, pumau ake hoki.
He aha te Ethnography Ahumahi?
Ko te etnografi ā-ahumahi he wāhanga iti o te mātauranga tangata e aro ana ki te ako i te mahi me ngā whanaketanga pāpori i roto i ngā horopaki ahumahi. Ko te etnografi he tikanga rangahau kounga e whai ana ki te mārama ki te ahurea me ngā mahi a tētahi rōpū mā te mātakitaki tika me te taunekeneke ki a rātou.
I roto i te rangahau ahurea ā-ahumahi, he nui te wā e pau ana i ngā kairangahau ki te mara, e taunekeneke tika ana ki ngā kaimahi me ngā momo kaipupuri moni i roto i te ahumahi. Ka tirotirohia, ka tātarihia hoki e rātou ngā mahi, ngā taunekeneke, me ngā tohu e kitea ana i roto i te taiao mahi. Mā tēnei ka taea e rātou te whakarato i ngā tirohanga hohonu ake, whānui ake hoki ki ngā āhuatanga kei mua i te ahumahi.
Te Hiranga o te Anthropology Pakihi me te Anthropography Ahumahi
1. Te Whakatau Whakauru me te Whakatau i runga i ngā Taunakitanga
Mā ēnei wāhanga e rua ka taea e ngā kamupene te whakatau whai whakaaro me te whānui ake. Mā te kohikohi raraunga whai kiko me te taipitopito mā roto i ngā tikanga tātaritanga iwi, ka taea e ngā kamupene te mārama ake ki ngā hiahia me ngā wawata o ā rātou kaimahi me ngā kaihoko. Ka taea e tēnei te arahi ki te whanaketanga o ngā hua, ratonga rānei e pai ake ai te hangai ki ngā hiahia o te mākete.
2. Te Whakapai Ake i te Kounga o ngā Hononga Mahi
Mā te māramatanga hohonu ki ngā āhuatanga pāpori i te wāhi mahi ka āwhina i ngā kamupene ki te waihanga i tētahi taiao pai ake mō ā rātou kaimahi. Ko ngā take pēnei i te kore taurite i waenga i te kaiwhakahaere me ngā kaimahi, ngā pakanga rānei i waenga i ngā kaimahi, ka taea te tautuhi me te whakatika mā te huarahi ahurea.
3. Te Auahatanga Whakanuia
He mea nui anō hoki te mātauranga tangata pakihi me te mātauranga iwi ā-ahumahi ki te whakatairanga i te auahatanga. Mā te mārama ki ngā hiahia me ngā raruraru a te kiritaki, tae atu ki ngā āhuatanga o roto o te kamupene, ka taea e ngā pakihi te whakawhanake i ngā otinga auaha me te auaha. Ka taea e ngā māramatanga i riro mai i te rangahau mara te whakaoho i ngā whakaaro hou kāore pea i whakaarohia i mua.
4. Te Taonga o ngā Tirohanga
Mā roto i ngā rangahau ā-tangata tangata, ka taea e ngā kamupene te mārama ki te awe o ngā ahurea me ngā tirohanga rerekē i ngā taunekeneke me ngā tumanakohanga a ngā kaimahi me ngā kaihoko. He mea nui rawa atu tēnei i te wā o te ao whānui, me mahi me te whakataetae ngā pakihi i roto i ngā horopaki ahurea kanorau.
Akoranga Take: Te Whakamahi i te Iwi Taketake i roto i te Pakihi
1. Intel Corporation: Rangahau Kaihoko
Ko Intel Corporation tētahi tauira o tētahi kamupene kua angitu ki te whakatinana i te mātauranga iwi ā-ahumahi. Ka whakamahia e rātou te mātauranga iwi hei mārama ki te whakamahinga o ā rātou hua i roto i te oranga o ia rā o ngā kaihoko. Mā te haere tika ki te mara me te tirotiro i ngā whanonga a ngā kaihoko, ka taea e Intel te hanga i ngā whakarerekētanga me ngā auahatanga kua arotahi ki ā rātou hua.
2. Starbucks: Wheako Kaihoko
Ka whakamahia e Starbucks tētahi huarahi ā-iwi hei hoahoa i ngā wheako kiritaki ahurei, whaiaro hoki puta noa i tana whatunga toa. Mā roto i ngā uiuinga hōhonu, ngā tirohanga, me te tātari ā-iwi, ka whakawhanake tonu rātou i ngā taiao toa whakahihiri me te ratonga whakamīharo, e hangai ana ki ngā tumanakohanga me ngā manakohanga a te kiritaki.
3. Google: Te Kanorau me te Whakaurunga
Ka whakamahia e Google te rangahau ā-iwi hei whakatairanga i te kanorau me te whakaurunga ki te wāhi mahi. Mā te mārama ki ngā āhuatanga pāpori me ngā hiahia o ngā rōpū kaimahi rerekē, ka taea e rātou te hanga kaupapa here matatau me te whakauru. Mā te rangahau ā-iwi rātou e āwhina ki te mārama ki ngā wero ka pā ki ngā kaimahi mai i ngā momo papamuri rerekē.
Ngā Tikanga Rangahau i roto i te Iwi Ā-Ahumahi
1. Te Tirotiro a te Kaiuru
I tēnei tikanga, ka whai wāhi tika ngā kairangahau ki ngā mahi e akohia ana e rātou. Ehara i te mea ka mātakitaki noa rātou engari ka whai wāhi atu hoki ki ngā mahi o ia rā o te taiao e akohia ana e rātou. Hei tauira, ka mahi tahi pea te kairangahau me ngā kaimahi wheketere kia pai ake ai te mārama ki ngā mahi o reira.
2. Uiuitanga Hōhonu
He taputapu matua ngā uiuinga i roto i te mātauranga iwi. He maha ngā momo uiuinga, mai i te kore hanganga ki te āhua hanganga-haurua. Ko te whāinga kia mārama hōhonu ki ngā tirohanga me ngā wheako takitahi i roto i te taiao ahumahi.
3. Tātari Taonga Tawhito
Ko te taonga tuku iho he mea hanga e te tangata e whakamahia ana i ia rā. I roto i te mātauranga iwi ā-ahumahi, ka uru pea ki ngā taonga tuku iho ngā taputapu mahi, ngā kākahu mahi, ngā tuhinga, me ērā atu mea. Mā te tātari i ngā taonga tuku iho ka kitea ngā āhuatanga o te ahurea me ngā mahi e kitea ana i roto i tētahi ahumahi.
4. Akoranga Take
Ko te tikanga ako take he rangahau hōhonu mō tētahi, neke atu rānei o ngā tauira motuhake. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngā ako take i roto i te mātauranga iwi ā-ahumahi hei mārama ake i tētahi āhuatanga motuhake. Mā tēnei tikanga ka taea e ngā kairangahau te whakauru i ngā momo tikanga rangahau pēnei i te mātakitaki, ngā uiuinga, me te tātari taonga tuku iho.
Ngā Wero i roto i te Iwi Ahumahi
Ahakoa he maha ngā painga o te rangahau ira tangata, tera anō hoki ngā wero hei mōhio māu:
1. Te Wā me ngā Rauemi
He nui te wā me ngā rauemi e hiahiatia ana mō te rangahau ahurea ā-umanga. Me whakapau kaha ngā kairangahau ki te mara ki te kohikohi raraunga hōhonu. He uaua pea tēnei i ētahi wā nā te iti o te tahua me te wā.
2. Te Whakahāwea a te Kairangahau
Pērā i ngā rangahau kounga katoa, ka taea e te rangahau iwi te pāngia e te whakaaro pōhēhē a te kairangahau. He mea nui kia mōhio ngā kairangahau ki ō rātou ake whakaaro pōhēhē, kia whai hoki kia noho whakaaro kore i roto i te tukanga rangahau.
3. Te Whai Mana me te Pono
Nā te āhua kounga, he uaua te ine i ngā raraunga ā-iwi i runga i te whakaaro pono. He take nui te whai mana me te pono o ngā hua rangahau me aro atu mā roto i ngā tikanga whakamana raraunga.
Whakamutunga
He mea nui te mahi a te mātauranga tangata pakihi me te mātauranga iwi ā-ahumahi ki te āwhina i ngā kamupene ki te mārama ki ngā āhuatanga pāpori me ngā āhuatanga ahurea i roto i te horopaki pakihi. Mā te huarahi whānui me te hohonu ake, ka taea e ēnei mara e rua te whakarato i ngā māramatanga whai hua hei āwhina i ngā kamupene ki te whakawhanake i ngā rautaki whai hua ake, auaha ake, me te whānui ake. Heoi, ko te whakatinanatanga o ēnei tikanga me nui te wā me ngā rauemi, me te aro hoki ki ngā whakaaro pōhēhē me ētahi atu wero. Mā te mārama me te whakamahi pai i te mātauranga tangata pakihi me te mātauranga iwi ā-ahumahi ka puta he painga mō te wā roa ki ngā kamupene e anga atu ana ki tētahi taiao pakihi uaua haere, whakataetae ake hoki.
